初中初三英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化技巧小结及练习题.docx

初中初三英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化技巧小结及练习题.docx

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初中初三英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化技巧小结及练习题

（英语）高考英语阅读理解（社会文化）技巧小结及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:

itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.

   Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?

Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?

Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.

   'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.

   Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.

   Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable（可重构的）robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?

Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?

A. Itconsumeslotsoftime.                                  B. Itinvolvesinterestingideas.

C. Itrequirescomplextechniques.                      

D. Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.

（2）Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?

A. Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.

B. Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.

C. Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.

D. Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.

（3）WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?

A. Hopeful                      B. Doubtful.                      C. Disapproving.                      D. Ambiguous.

（4）Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A. Entertainment.                    

B. Culture.                    

C. Education.                    

D. Pop-science.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。

折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:

itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测ErikDemaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”；第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”；第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemaine,‘we'llbuildreconfigurable（可重构的）robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Shakespeare'sGlobeExhibition&TourisauniqueinternationalresourcetoexploreShakespeare'swork.Openallyearround,itgivesyouanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthemostfamousplaywright（剧作家）,Shakespeare,andhelpsyouseektofurthertheexperienceandinternationalunderstandingofhim.

   GroupVisitstotheExhibition&Tour

   OpeningHours

   TheatreTours:

   Monday-Sunday:

         9:

30a.m.-5:

00p.m.

   Exhibition:

   Monday-Sunday:

         9:

00a.m.-5:

00p.m.

   Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit,andeachgroupwillhaveitsownguideforfree.Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.

   ExhibitionandTourPrices

   Adult:

                    $15.00

   Senior（60+）:

              $13.50

   Student（withvalidID）:

      $11.50

   Child（5-15）:

              $8.00

   Complimentary:

          Every16thpersonfree

   Gettinghere

   Shakespeare'sGlobe21NewGlobeWalk,LondonSEl9DT,UK

   Wehavecurrentlyimprovedsecurity,withallbagsbeingchecked.Pleasearriveingoodtime,anddonotbringanylargebagsandcheckthecalendarbeforeyourvisitorcall+44（0）2079021500tofindoutaboutourlatestopeningtimes.

   Visitorsareadvisedtoarrivebypublictransportorbytaxi.ThereisacarparkonThamesExchangeonthenorthsideofSouthwarkBridge（open24hours,sevendaysaweek）.CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge.ItmayalsobepossibletopickoneupfromoutsidetheentrancehallonNewGlobeWalk.

   Wheretoeat

   SwanatShakespeare'sGlobeservesmodernBritishseasonalfoodfordinner,afternoonteaordrinksinourbeautifulbarandrestaurantsetovertwofloors,availableforpre-andpost-theatredining.

   SwanRestaurant

   Monday-Friday:

   12noon-2:

30p.m.&6:

00p.m.-10:

30p.m.

   Saturday:

          12noon-3:

30p.m.&6:

00p.m.

   Sunday:

           12noon-9:

00p.m.

（1）Whencanyoupayavisittotheexhibition?

A. Fridayat12:

00p.m.                                          

B. Mondayat8:

00a.m.

C. Saturdayat5:

30p.m.                                       D. Sundayat7:

00p.m.

（2）Ifagroupof20childrenvisittheExhibition&Tour,whatisrequiredforthemtodo?

A. Theyneedtohireaguidethemselves.

B. Theymustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.

C. Theyhavetopay$160forticketsintotal.

D. Theyneedtoemailforareservationinadvance.

（3）Whichofthefollowingappliestovisitors?

A. They'reabletogetataxinearSouthwarkBridge.

B. TheycanparkonthesouthsideofSouthwarkBridge.

C. Theyarerequiredtodeposittheirbagsbeforeentering.

D. It'smoreconvenienttodrivetherethantakingpublictransport.

（4）WhatcanweknowaboutSwanRestaurant?

A. AfternoonleaisnotservedonSunday.

B. Itservestraditionalseasonalfoodfordiner.

C. Itisclosedfrom3p.m.to5p.m.onworkdays.

D. Itservesthreemeals,drinksandafternoontea.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向游客介绍了参观莎士比亚环球展厅的相关服务信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据“Exhibition‘Monday-Sunday:

9:

00a.m.-5:

00p.m.’”可知，展览从周一到周日上午9点到下午5点营业。

所以在周五下午两点能够参观展览。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据Exhibition部分中的“Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit...Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.”可知，15人或以上的团体须预先预订其行程。

如欲订购，请填写团体申请表，并通过电子邮件返回给我们。

所以如果有20名儿童参观参观展厅，他们需要通过电子邮件提前预定。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Gettinghere部分中的“CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge”可知，在SouthwarkBridge可能全年都有出租车。

所以判断出游客能在SouthwarkBridge附近打到出租车。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据SwanRestaurant部分中的“Monday-Friday:

12noon-2:

30p.m.&6:

00p.m.-10:

30p.m.”可知，天鹅宾馆的营业时间是周一至周五中午12点到下午2：

30，下午6点到晚上10:

30。

所以判断出周一至周五工作日期间，下午3点到下午5点是闭馆的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   "Ouraimistotakeourarttotheworldandmakepeopleunderstandwhatitistomove,"saidDavidBelle,thefounderofparkour.

   Doyouloverunning?

Itisagoodexercise,yetmanypeoplefinditboring.Butwhatifmakingyourmorningjogacreativeone?

Likejumpingfromwallsandovergaps,andgroundrolls?

JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?

Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.

   Yes,that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.Asitsparticipantsdasharoundacity,theymayjumpoverfences,runupwallsandevenmovefromrooftoptorooftop.

   Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds,butitsparticipantsseeparkourmuchmorethanthat.

   Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriersasifinparkourandneverfallbackinyourlife,toreachthedestinationsuccessfully.Aparkourloversaid,"Iloveparkourbecauseitsphilosophyhasbecomemylife,mywaytodoeverything."

   Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.Itcanbedonebyanyone,atanytime,anywhereintheworld.Itisakindofe