英国高等教育HighereducationinBritain.docx

英国高等教育HighereducationinBritain.docx

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英国高等教育HighereducationinBritain

HighereducationinBritain

【Abstract】

HighereducationhasalonghistoryinBritain.TheBritisheducationsystemistheoneoftheworld'smostancienteducationsystems,whichisfamousforitshighereducation.

【KeyWords】

Britain,highereducation

Britishemphasisoneducation,notonlygatheredtheworld'smostfamousandoldestschoolsanduniversities,andthereisnoshortageofnewstyleandawarenessofthemostinnovativeinstitutions.BritainstillputEducationasapillarindustryintheUKEducationpolicyistoencouragemoreandmorestudentstothecountry'seducatedattheUniversity.UKhighereducationtoimplementthetwo-tracksystem,ontheonehand,theautonomyofuniversities,ontheotherhand,publiccollegesanduniversities.Universityreferstotheclassicaluniversities,modernuniversity,University,OpenUniversity,andeightuniversitiesinScotland;publiccollegesanduniversitiesintheuniversityreferstothemulti-disciplinaryInstituteofTechnology,SchoolofContinuingEducationandtheInstituteofEducation.WhichmultidisciplinaryInstituteofTechnology.CollegesanduniversitiestoprovideA-levelvocationalcourses,usuallygrantapprovedbythelocaluniversities,professionalqualificationsanddegrees,includingdegreecertificates,HigherNationalCertificate（HND）orCertificateofHigherEducation（DipHE）.Thelimitsoffurthereducationcollegesandhighereducationcollegesareoftenveryvagueanddifficulttodistinguishfromthenameoftheschool.Studentsneedtodetermineistheendofthecoursetoobtaintherequireddiploma.TheonlyUniversityintheUnitedKingdomtograntdegrees,othereducationalinstitutionsonlyqualifiedrecognizedbytheUniversityinordertograntthedegree.

Thebasicsituation

Thereare165highereducationinstitutionsexistinginBritish.Therecruitmentofstudentsscaleincreasedinrecentyears,andituptomillionin2020/09.Thestudentratioofthelocal,thecountriesoftheEuropeanUnionandothercountriesisabout17:

1:

2.The2020/09schoolyear,staffnumberisupto383000,including179000academicstaffpeople,thestudentandteacherratiois:

1.Theacademicstaffisoccupied%,whilethepeopleengagedintheresearchis%,bothengagedinteachingandresearchis%,part-timeteacheraccountedfor%.

Cultivatingmodeandsystem

TherearethreeyearsinBritishuniversitysystem.ThescoresofthefirstyeararenotincludedinthethreeyearsundergraduatecourseasBritishstudentsareexpectedtolearnpubliccoursesinthefirstyear.Eachdepartmentsentexcellentteacherstoteachtheclassicalcoursesinprofessionalfield.Schoolsprovideamonthtimeforstudentstochooseanddeterminetheirprofessionals.Theschoolyearisdividedintothreesemesters,eachoneinclude10weeks.Theyfocusonimprovingthecomprehensiveabilityandtheyencouragestudentstodosomepart-timejobs.What’smore,specialteacherswillhelpstudentsfindjobs.Studentswouldliketospendmoretimeonsports,art,organizations,PracticalWorkandextracurricularpart-time,etc.Attheendofeveryschoolyear,partofthestudentsareaskedtorepeatagradeorevenleaveschoolforthereasonthattheydonotfitfortheirprofessionalsortheschools.

Theycanfindamoresuitabledevelopmentdirectionfortheirownorreplaceprofessionalafterdroppingout.Allsubjectsarereflectedintheformofcredit,everysubjectdiffersfrom10to20points.Studentsarenotqualifieduntiltheyachieve120points.

Thekeyofeducation

Everystudentisimportant.TheBritishpaymuchattentiontostudents'characteristicsandfollowtheeducationalideasofattachingimportancetoindividualdevelopment.Britishemphasizeontheplanthatteachstudentsinaccordanceoftheiraptitude.

TheBritishhigherschoolsnoticecreativeeducationofeverystudent.Nostudentcanattainhighmarksiftheyhavenoinnovationinthecoursestheyfocuson.IntheBritishuniversity,almosteverycourserequiresstudentstocompleteaprojectwithrelevantanalysisandresearch.Thatis,theteacheronlygiveplanorcaseratherthanprovideapproaching,andstudenthastocompletethiswiththehelpofhisteamorallbyhimself.Thiskindofeducationmethodmakeeverystudentintheclasscanboldlyexchangeideas,findanddeveloptheirknowledge,improveself-learning,analysis,andreasoningandothermanykindsofthinkingability.Theteacherisanactivityorganizertoprovidestudentswiththenecessaryguidanceinthecourseoftheevents.

SchoolofManagement

TheprincipalsintheUnitedKingdom,primaryandsecondaryschoolprincipalspower,canbepresidentoftheUniversitydidnottheslightestrealpower,othercountries,theuniversitypresidentistheexternalrepresentationoftheUniversityoftheprimaryadministrativeleaders,internally,isalsothecenteroftheleadersintheschool.Britain'suniversitypresidents,althoughtheplenarymeetingofthePresident,honorarypositionsbutjustaname,usuallybyamemberoftheBritishroyalfamilyorcelebritiesastheimplementationofthetenure.ApartfromoccasionallyamajorceremonyattheUniversityofprincipalsdonotparticipateinanythingoftheUniversity.Vice-ChancellorUKUniversityVice-Chancellorisinfactthetopleadersintheschool,ingeneral,bythefacultyplenarysessionelectedfromthedeanoftheCollege.TheCouncilisthehighestgoverningbodyofBritishuniversities.Themembersofthisbody,includingrepresentativesfromallsectors.Forexample,notonlytheuniversityprofessorsandotherteachingstaff,aswellaspolitical,businessrepresentatives.Althoughthesepeoplearenotuniversityoffice,buthasanimportantinfluenceintheUniversityofadministrativeagencies.TheyarebasicallyonceaworkreportmadebylisteningtotheVice-ChancelloroftheUniversitytherighttoappointanewadministrativeleader.TheCouncilistheexecutivebodyoftheUniversitybyexternalmembersandacademicresearchers.ResponsibleforFinance,mayappointtheteachingstaff,andeventheVice-ChancelloroftheUniversity,butalsotherighttoapprovetherecommendationsoftheAcademicSenatetomodifytheacademicfortheacademicaffairsoftheUniversity,Vice-Chancelloristheex-officioChairmanoftheorganization,responsibilityisacceptedthereportandrecommendationsoftheFacultyCommittee,recommendedtheappointmentofteachingstaff,isresponsibleforundergraduateteachinganddiscipline,andtherighttoapprovethegraduatecoursesandresearchprograms.

ThefundsoftheUKhighereducation

TheUKhighereducationfundingsourcesincludegovernmentappropriations,tuition,scientificresearchincome,socialdonationandotherincome.And50%ofthefundsourcesisfromthefunds,basedonthenumberofstudentsandtheprofessionalstandard,achievedbytakingmeasuresofcomputationalstandardresourcesandassumethatresources;Themainwayofscientificresearchoutlaysisthequalityresearchfoundation,andtheevaluationresultsofscientificresearchqualitydecidethegranttuitionfeeisthemainnon-governmentalsource.AllofBritishuniversitiesareindependentlegalentity,whocanraisemoneyindependentlyfromvariouschannels.Buttheuniversitiesdonotmakegooduseoftheiradvantage,sotheincomeofsocialdonationismuchlowerthantheAmericancollegesanduniversities.

Thestudentservices

Astheideaofstudentsforemost,servicestudentsbecomemorestable,customerservicemodeisbecomingthetrendsoftheserviceforstudentsspeaking,accommodation,vocationalguidance,thepsychologicalconsultation,healthcare,economicaid,resourceservice,sportsactivitiesandserviceforthedisabledarepassedasthecorecontentoftheservicework.

Professional,professionalandnetworkdegreeishighrelatively.Employeeshaveprofessionaldoctoratedegreeingeneral,

andallofthemareagencyandserviceitemsareannouncedinthewebsitewhichareclearataglance,andstudentscanmakeanappointmentforaninterviewbynetworkorsendanemailtosolveproblems.

Theschoolprovidesallkindsofresourcestomeetthestudents'practicalprovidemanualinstructionrelatedstudy,thelifeandworkinformation.Theyalsoprovideservicesincludinglaboratorybooking,library's24hoursservice,wirelessnetworkcoveringthewholeschool,networkinformationresourcesandalsoprovideinternshipstocreateagoodlearningenvironment.

Studentsalsoparticipateintheschoolconstructionandselfserviceactivitiesactively.StudentdelegatesjoinCommitteesatalllevels

sothatthestudentscanunderstandtheoperationanddevelopmenttrendsoftheschoolintime,andmaintaintheirownrightsanduniversitiesfundavarietyofmassorganizationsandstudentuniontohelpstudentsorganize,leadandparticipateinvariousactivities.Somecollegecommunitiesevenexceedmorethan200.

Tostudyabroad

UKuniversitiestoprovidestudentswithopportunitiesforoverseasstudyhasbecomecommonplace,usuallytostudyabroadforasemesterorayear,moststudentslearnthelanguagecourses,theycangoabroadtoexercisetheirlanguageskills,suchasthisisthecase,thecourseusuallylastsfouryears,studentsreturnedtouniversitytocompletetheirstudiesinthelastyear.Graduatedegree

Graduatedegreeisoftencalledthe"advanceddegree".TheUnitedKingdomtherearebasicallytwotypesofgraduatedegrees:

teachingandresearchstyle.Ifstudentswanttocontinuetopursueagraduatedegree,youneedtohaveagoodfirstdegree（suchasfirstorsecondclass）.ThedoctoratenamelyphD,whosefullnameis"DoctorofPhilosophy,hasnothingbutthedegreeandPhilosophyasadis