国际经济学的总复习docx.docx

国际经济学的总复习docx.docx

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国际经济学的总复习docx

国际经济学的总复习

ThecontentcoversthemainpartsofInternationalEconomics（especiallythankstothestudentswhocontributedtothisreview）

Chapteroneintroduction

1.whatistheobjectofInternationalEconomicsResearch（theallocationandutilizationofscarceresourcesintheworld,andthecountryasthebasiceconomicunit）?

Answer:

internationaleconomicsisasubjectofeconomicswhichtakeseconomicactivitiesandeconomicrelationsamongcountriesastheresearchobject・

Whatarethecharacteristicsofthe2.InternationalEconomics（twomajorfeatures,sixaspects）?

Answer:

twocharacteristics:

Firstofall,internationaltransactionsaredifferentfromdomestictransactions・Ininternationaltrade,thereisanaturalandman-madebarriertotradeandfactormobility・

Secondly,theinternationaleconomicrelationstakeplaceamongtheindependenteconomicentities.

Sixaspects:

（1）combiningmacroandmicro;

（2）combiningstaticanddynamic;（3）combiningqualitativeandquantitative;

（4）combiningtheorywithpolicy;（5）combiningpartialequilibriumwithgeneralequilibrium;（6）combiningabsorptionwithevaluation・

3.classicaltradetheory（mercantilism,absoluteadvantage,comparativeadvantageandH-0theory）andthenewtradetheory（scaleeconomyandproductdifferentiationtheory,tradedumpingandreciprocaldumpingtheory,productlifecycletheory,tradeoverlappingdemandtheory,nationalcompetitiveadvantagetheory）whatarethemaincontent?

Answer:

（1）classicaltradetheoryincludes:

mercantilism,absoluteadvantagetheory（AdamSmith）,relativeadvantagetheory（DavidRicardo）,H-0theory,factorpriceequalization,Rybczynskitheorem;

（2）thenewtradetheoryincludes:

economiesofscaleandproductdifferencetradetheory,dumpinganddumpingtheory,productcycletradetheory,overlappingdemandtradetheory,thetheoryofnationalcompetitiveadvantage・

Whatcontentdoesthecontentsystemof4.InternationalEconomicscontain?

Answer:

partoftheinternationaltrade:

Puretheoryofinternationaltrade（2~6chapters）

InternationalTradePolicy（7~8chapters）

Customsunionandinternationaleconomicintegration（ninthchapters）

Fourth,theinternationalmovementoffactorsofproductionintransnationalcorporations--theextensionofinternationaltrade（11-12chapters）

InternationalFinancesection:

Foreignexchangemarketandexchangerate（14-15chapters）

Internationalbalanceofpaymentsandadjustmentofbalanceofpayments（13and16）

Internalandexternalequilibriumunderopeneconomy（17and18chapters）

InternationalMonetarySystem（eleventhchapters）

MonetaryintegrationandEuropeanMonetaryUnion（twelfthchapters）

ThesecondchapteristhemicrofoundationofInternationalEconomics

1.whatistheinternationalequilibriumprice?

A:

internationaltradeisestablishedonthebasisofrelativepricedifference,andinturnitwilleliminaterelativepricedifference,whichleadstotheinternationalcommoditypriceequalization,atthistimethepriceistheinternationalequilibriumpricePw.Underthenewequilibrium,thetwocountriesfacethesamepricelevel,whichiscalledtheinternationalequilibriumprice・

2.whatisthetermsoftrade?

（theratioofexportpricetoimportprice）

Answer:

tradeterms,thatis,theratioofexportpricestoimportprices,sotheimprovementoftermsoftrademeansthatthecountrycangainmorebenefitsfrominternationaltrade・

3.whatarethecausesofinternationaltrade?

Answer:

thecauseofinternationaltrade:

（1）technicaldifferencesinproduction;

（2）factorendowmentdifference;

（3）thedifferenceindemand:

（4）incompletecompetitionandincreasingreturnstoscale.

4.inthemodelofcomparativeinterest,theinternationalparityoftwokindsoftradegoods

Answer:

beforethetradebetweenthetwocountries,thedomesticparitybetweenthetwocommodities

5.whatistradetriangle?

Answer:

（bookforty-eighthpages）thetrianglecomposedofimportquantity,internationalparitylineandexportvolumeiscalledtradetriangle〃・

Thethirdchapter:

ClassicalTradeTheory

1.absolutetechnologydifferencetheory,relativetechnologydifferencetheoryandthepropositionoffactorendowmenttheory

Answer:

absolutetechnologydifferencetheory:

AdamSmith

Relativetechnologicaldifferences:

DavidRicardo

Factorendowmenttheory:

proposedbyHeckscherandOhlin,perfectedbySamuelson

2.whatdoesthetheoryofcomparativeadvantagethinkofthedrivingforceofinternationaltrade（thedifferenceinrelativeprices）?

Answer:

thedifferenceofrelativepricecausedbythedifferenceoflaborproductivity.

3.whatistherelationshipbetweenabsolutetechnicaldifferenceandrelativetechnicaldifference?

Answer:

absolutetechnicaldifferenceisaspecialformofrelative・

4.intheabsolutetechnologydifferencetheoryandtherelativetechnologydiffereneetheory,theopportunitycostisinvariable・

5.howdowejudgetheproductswithgreaterrelativeadvantagesfromtheleveloflaborproductivityinacountry?

Answer:

ax,ay,respectively,AcountriesX,Ylaborinput

BXandbyarelaborinputsofB,XandYrespectively

Ifthereis:

ax/ay>bx/byisAcountryXlaborproductivityisrelativelyhigher,thenAcountriesintheproductionofXhasacomparativeadvantage・

By/bx>ay/ax,thatis,thelaborproductivityofBcountryYisrelativelyhigh,andhasarelativeadvantageintheupperproductionofBY・

The6.coreideasofrelativetechnicaldifferencetheory:

"bothoftheheavy,twodisadvantagesofthelesser〃・

Answer:

evenifthereisacompletecostdisadvantageinacountry,aslongasthereisacostdifferencebetweenthetwocountries,thereisthepossibilityoftrade・Acountrycanspecializeintheproductionandexportofitsabsolutedisadvantageisarelativelysmallnumberofgoods（thisisthecomparativeadvantageofthegoods）,whileimportsofitsabsolutedisadvantageisrelativelylargecommodity（whichistherelativelyinferiorgoods）,inaccordancewiththe"'benefitingtotheweightoftherighttochoose,twoconsweighthelightphasetheprincipleofinternationaldivisionandinternationdltrade.

7.factorsabundancedegreeandfactorendowmentconcept

Answer:

factorabundanceisFactorintensity,whichreferstotheproportionoftwoinputsthatproduceaproduct・Thisisalsoarelativeconcept,independentoftheabsoluteinputsofproductionfactors・

Kx二Kx/Lxky二Ky/Ly

Kx>ky

Xisacapitalintensiveproduct;Yisalabor-intensiveproduct

Factorendowment:

therelativeproportionoftwofactorsofproductionownedbyacountry.Ifthefactorendowment（K/L）ofacountryisgreaterthanthatofothercountries,itiscalledacountrywithrelativelyabundantcapitalorlabor（relative）scarcity;conversely,othercountriesarelaborrichorcapitalscarcecountries・

InFigure3-1,EA,EBrespectively,totalPA>BPelementsA,Bcombinationofthetwocountries,sotheAincapitalrichcountries,Binrichcountriesforlabor・

8.trytoexplaintheH-0theoremandexplainitgraphically.

Answer:

H-0theorem:

accordingtotheprincipleofcomparativeadvantage,acountryexportsintensiveuseofitsrichelementsofproducts,importintensiveuseofitsscarceelementsofproducts.ThegraphisonpageP623-6

Thepriceequalityofthe9.factorsisbasedontheequalityofcommodityprices・

Answer:

whentherelativepriceofgoodsisconstant,theincreaseofacertainfactorwillleadtotheincreaseoftheproductionoftheintensiveuseofthefactorsector,whiletheproductionoftheothersectordecreases・

Inference:

thegrowthoffactorsthattendtothekitchenwillgenerallyenlargethescaleofinternationaltrade・

10.-stopperSamuelXuntheorem

Answer:

stopperSamuelsontheorem（TheStolper-SamuelsonTheorem）:

ariseintherelativepriceofgoods,thegoodswillleadtotheintensiveuseoffactorsofproductionoftheactualpriceorremunerationincrease,whileanotherfactorofproductiontheactualpriceorremunerationisdecreased・Inaddition,internationaltradewillincreasetherealincomeoftherichfactorownersinthecountryandreducetherealincomeofthescarceresourcesfactorowners・Animportantimplicationofthisresultisthatalthoughtheimprovementofinternationaltradeofacountry'soverallwelfarelevel,butnotforeveryoneisgood,becausethefactorsaffectingtheincomedistributionofacountry'sinternationaltradewillgeneratesubstantia1.（P67pages）11.,BojinMinkowskitheorem:

（definition）

A:

Rybczynski'stheorem:

whentherelativepriceofgoodsisconstant,theincreaseofanelementwillleadtotheincreaseoftheproductionoftheintensiveuseofthefactorsector,whiletheproductionoftheothersectordecreases・Graphicproof:

Aftertheincreaseofcapitalinthegraph,thefactorendowmentpointchangesfromEtoE'・Undertheconditionthattherelativepriceofcommoditiesremainsunchanged,theproportionoffactoruseofthetwodepartmentsofXandYremainsunchanged・Asseenfromthediagram,theoutputoftheXsectorincreased,whiletheoutputoftheYsectordecreased・

Corollary:

thegrowthofexportorientedfactorsofproductionwillgenerallyenlargethescaleofinternationaltrade・

12.conditionsformiserableeconomicgrowth

Answer:

economicgrowthtendstoincreasetheexportsectorofthecountry;

Thegrowthcountryisabigcountryintheworldmarket,thatis,thechangeofitsexportsupplyisenoughtoaffecttheworldprice;

Themarginalpropensityofthegrowthcountriestoimportishigher,thatistosay,thegrowthcountry'sdemandforimportswillincreasesignificantlyduetoeconomicgrowth;

Thepriceelasticityofgrowthcountries，exportsisverylowintheworldmarket・

Expla