第一册 考点知识巩固 doc.docx
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第一册考点知识巩固doc
第一册 [第五、六单元]
考点知识巩固
一、文言实词
1.写出下列通假字的本字,并解释其义
(1)无能为也已:
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(2)共其乏困:
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(3)秦伯说:
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(4)失其所与,不知:
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(5)南至于句无:
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(6)将帅二三子夫妇以蕃:
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(7)令壮者无取老妇:
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(8)将免者以告:
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(9)当室者死,三年释其政:
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(10)而摩厉之于义:
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(11)无不饣甫也:
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(12)无不歠也:
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(13)其有敢不尽力者乎:
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(14)今夫差衣水犀之甲者亿有三千:
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(15)徐公来,孰视之:
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(16)太后盛气而揖之:
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(17)少益耆食:
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(18)必勿使反:
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(19)奉厚而无劳:
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(20)鼓瑟希:
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(21)莫春者,春服既成:
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(22)直不百步耳:
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(23)则无望民之多于邻国也/无失其时:
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(24)颁白者不负戴于道路矣:
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(25)涂有饿莩而不知发:
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(26)
以为轮:
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(27)虽有槁暴,不复挺者:
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(28)则知明而行无过矣:
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(29)君子生非异也:
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(30)泾流之大:
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(31)不辩牛马:
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答案
(1)“已”通“矣”,了
(2)“共”通“供”,供给 (3)“说”通“悦”,高兴 (4)“知”通“智”,明智 (5)“句”通“勾”,地名 (6)“帅”通“率”,率领 (7)“取”通“娶”,迎娶 (8)“免”通“娩”,分娩 (9)“政”通“征”,赋税徭役 (10)“摩厉”通“磨砺”,切磋、练习 (11)“
”通“哺”,给人食物吃 (12)“歠”通“啜”,给人水喝 (13)“其”通“岂”,难道 (14)“有”通“又”,用于整数与零数之间 (15)“孰”通“熟”,仔细 (16)“揖”通“胥”,等待 (17)“耆”通“嗜”,喜爱 (18)“反”通“返”,回来(19)“奉”通“俸”,俸禄 (20)“希”通“稀”,稀疏 (21)“莫”通“暮” (22)“直”通“只”,只是、不过 (23)“无”通“毋”,不要 (24)“颁”通“斑”,斑白 (25)“涂”通“途”,道路 (26)“车柔”通“煣”,用火熨木使弯曲 (27)“有”通“又”,表重复 (28)“知”通“智”,智慧 (29)“生”通“性”,资质,禀赋 (30)“泾”通“径”,直 (31)“辩”通“辨”,分辨,辨别
2.解释下列句中加点的实词
(1)且贰于楚也:
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(2)朝济而夕设版焉:
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(3)唯君图之:
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(4)吾与之共知越国之政:
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(5)贾人夏则资皮:
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(6)遂使之行成于吴:
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(7)越四封之内:
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(8)果行,国人皆劝:
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(9)邹忌修八尺有余:
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(10)臣之妻私臣:
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(11)日食饮得无衰乎:
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(12)媪之爱燕后,贤于长安君:
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(13)为长安君约车百乘:
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(14)子路率尔而对曰:
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(15)河内凶:
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(16)请以战喻:
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(17)不违农时:
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(18)非我也,岁也:
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(19)学不可以已:
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(20)而闻者彰:
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(21)积善成德:
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(22)百川灌河:
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(23)河伯欣然自喜:
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(24)河伯始旋其面目:
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答案
(1)从属二主
(2)渡河 (3)考虑 (4)管理 (5)积蓄,储备 (6)达成协议,讲和
(7)疆界 (8)劝勉,鼓励 (9)长,指身高 (10)偏爱 (11)减少 (12)胜过,超过
(13)置办,配备 (14)轻率急忙的样子 (15)谷物收成不好,荒年 (16)说明 (17)违背,违反,这里指耽误 (18)年成 (19)停止 (20)清楚 (21)善行 (22)注入,流入 (23)高兴的样子 (24)掉转
3.解释下列加点的古今异义词的古义
(1)若舍郑以为东道主
古义:
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今义:
泛指主人(范围扩大)。
(2)行李之往来
古义:
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今义:
指出门所带的包裹、箱子等。
(3)微夫人之力不及此
古义:
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今义:
尊称别人或自己的妻子。
(4)然谋臣与爪牙之士,不可不养而择也
古义:
______________________________________________________________________
今义:
帮凶。
(5)以暴露百姓之骨于中原
古义:
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今义:
中原地区。
(6)丈夫二十不取/生丈夫
古义:
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今义:
女子的配偶。
(7)今齐地方千里
古义:
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今义:
某一区域。
(8)年几何矣
古义:
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今义:
数学的一门学科。
(9)至于赵之为赵
古义:
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今义:
用来表示另提一件事或表示达到某种程度。
(10)寡人之于国也
古义:
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今义:
用于形容形影孤单的人。
(11)七十者可以食肉矣
古义:
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今义:
表示同意,认可。
(12)君子①博学②而日参省乎己
①古义:
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今义:
人格高洁的人。
②古义:
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今义:
学问广博精深。
答案
(1)东方道路上(招待过客)的主人。
(2)出使的人。
(3)那人。
(4)武士。
(5)原野。
(6)男子/男孩。
(7)“地”“方”连用,土地方圆,土地纵横。
(8)疑问代词,“几岁”。
(9)动词“至”与介词“于”连用,到了。
(10)古代国君称自己的谦词。
(11)“可”是“可以”,“以”是“凭借”。
(12)①有学问有修养的人。
②广博地学习。
4.解释下列多义词
(1)知
(2)既
(3)殆
(4)及
(5)间
(6)甚
(7)尊
(8)直
(9)兵
(10)罪
(11)兴
(12)一
(13)诚
(14)少
(15)吊
(16)释
(17)异
(18)复
(19)质
(20)善
答案
(1)知道/管理/通“智”,明智/感到,感觉
(2)已经/与“又”搭配,“一边……一边……”/既然 (3)危险/几乎,近于/大概 (4)到,至/比得上/趁/和,以及 (5)间或,断断续续地/名词作状语,从小路/参与 (6)厉害/厉害,严重/表示程度深/深奥繁琐 (7)尊贵,高贵/使动用法,使……尊贵/高位 (8)只是、不过/挺直,不弯曲/通“值”,价钱 (9)兵器/军队/士兵 (10)归罪,责备/罪行,罪过/过失,过错 (11)兴,起/创立,起/发动/使动用法,使……兴盛 (12)一/专一/数量名词作动词,统一 (13)确实,的确/果真,表假设(14)年龄小/时间短/稍微 (15)慰问/悼念 (16)解除,免除/放下 (17)不同/奇异的/特别/惊异,诧异/别的,另外 (18)曲折往复/再/恢复/又 (19)名词作动词,做人质/质地,底子/询问,质问 (20)善行/美好/擅长/表示同意的应答声,好
5.指出下列加点词语的活用类型并释义
(1)晋军函陵:
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(2)既东封郑:
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(3)夜缒而出:
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(4)肆其西封:
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(5)烛之武退秦师:
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(6)越国以鄙远:
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(7)与郑人盟:
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(8)且贰于楚也:
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(9)又郊败之:
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(10)四方之士来者,必庙礼之:
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(11)南至于句无:
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(12)有能助寡人谋而退吴者:
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(13)洁其居,美其服,饱其食:
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(14)朝服衣冠:
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(15)吾妻之美我者:
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(16)能面刺寡人之过者:
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(17)闻寡人之耳者:
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(18)暮寝而思之:
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(19)受上赏:
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(20)日食饮得无衰乎:
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(21)其继有在者乎:
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(22)质于齐:
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(23)赵王之子孙侯者:
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(24)没死以闻:
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(25)今媪尊长安君之位:
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(26)赤也为之小,孰能为之大:
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(27)三子者出,曾皙后:
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(28)端章甫:
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(29)风乎舞雩:
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(30)如其礼乐:
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(31)鼓瑟希:
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(32)可使足民:
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(33)填然鼓之:
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(34)然而不王者:
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(35)树之以桑:
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(36)王无罪岁:
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(37)五十者可以衣帛矣:
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(38)谨庠序之教:
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(39)是使民养生丧死无憾也:
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(40)君子博学而日参省乎己:
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(41)假舟楫者,非能水也:
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(42)上食埃土,下饮黄泉:
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(43)登高而招:
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(44)积善成德:
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(45)秋水时至:
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(46)顺流而东行:
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