高考英语一轮复习Unit13People课时练1阅读理解提速练北师大版必修.docx
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高考英语一轮复习Unit13People课时练1阅读理解提速练北师大版必修
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit13People课时练1阅读理解提速练北师大版必修
阅读理解
A
（xx·烟台诊断）Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheirmunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.
“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents’health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies，”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.
Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents’ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20yearperiodwasonethirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren，paredwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.
Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn’trelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenonhelperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.
“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive，”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.
Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtake__into__accounttheirparents’needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，”hesuggested.
“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,what‘properamountsofhelp’means，”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity（强度）ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”
【解题导语】 德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。
1．Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?
A．Humanevolutionaryhistory.
B．Demandofmodernsociety.
C．Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.
D．Dataonmanyelderlypeople.
D 解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章第三段第一句可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。
故选D项。
2．InArpino’sopinion,childcare________．
A．issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnesses
B．allowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullife
C．createsmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeople
D．makessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople
B 解析：
推理判断题。
根据题干中的“Arpino’sopinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。
故选B项。
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph6probablymean?
A．Limit. B．Ignore.
C．Favor.D．Consider.
D 解析：
词义猜测题。
根据第六段中的“toomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivities”及下文的“...theirparents’needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。
由此可猜测，takeintoaccount意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。
故选D项。
4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?
A．Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.
B．Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.
C．Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.
D．Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.
C 解析：
细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity（强度）ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。
由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。
故选C项。
B
（xx·石家庄高三模拟）TooGoodToGoisasmartphoneappwhichallowsrestaurantstosellfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownawayatdiscountpricesfromaslittleas£2toamaximumof£3.80,evenifthemealsaresoldfromtheveryfinestrestaurantsinthecountry.OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeedsinJune,theservicehasrecentlybeenintroducedintotheUnitedKingdombyacoupleofyoungentrepreneurs（企业家）．
Millionsoftonsoffoodsarethrowninthetrasheveryyear,withrestaurantsaccountingforalargepart,soecoentrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste.UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.
TooGoodToGoisveryconvenientforusers.RestaurantsmakefoodavailableontheTooGoodToGoappandwebsite.Peoplecanlookthroughtheavailabledishesonthesmartphones,payforthemusingacreditcardandpickthemupatasettime,anhourbeforeclosingtime.
AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale,itscreatorssaytheendgoalistouseitforrestaurantstosolvetheirwastemanagementproblem,ratherthanmakingaprofit.Wilsonclaims,“Theideaisthatrestaurantsstopproducingtheextrafoodsotheydon’tneedtothrowitawayinthetrash,andwereallywanttoputourselvesoutofbusinessbystoppingfoodwaste.”
BirminghamhasbeethelatestcitywhererestaurantscanreducefoodwastetothelowestlimitbyworkingwiththeTooGoodToGosocialenterpriseapp.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了TooGoodToGo这款手机软件，它可以帮助饭店以较低的价格处理要扔掉的食物，这样既避免了浪费，又给那些需要的人提供了可口的食物。
5．WherewasTooGoodToGooriginallylaunched?
A．InDenmark.
B．InBrighton.
C．InBirmingham.
D．IntheU．S.
B 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeeds”可知，这款软件最初是在Denmark创造出来，在Brighton和Leeds发起的，故选B项。
6．What’stheappintendedtodo?
A．Makeaprofitbysellingfoodonthewebsite.
B．Allowrestaurantstosellfoodatlowprices.
C．Helprestaurantstodealwithleftoverfood.
D．Callonrestaurantstosavefoodandmoney.
C 解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章第二段中的“...soecoentrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste...butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”可知，这款软件的目的是阻止食物浪费，不仅帮助饭店节省费用，而且给那些需要的人提供一个低价品尝好菜的机会，故选C项。
7．Howdidthecreatorsoftheappmakeprofits?
A．Bysellingcopiesoftheapp.
B．Bytakingafeefrombuyers.
C．Bychargingrestaurantsforeachsale.
D．Bygettingdonationsfromentrepreneurs.
C 解析：
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段中的“AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale”可知，该软件的创造者是通过向饭店的每一单生意收费来赚钱的，因此选C项。
8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A．Peoplecanpaylessmoneyforarichmeal.
B．Theappismainlydesignedtohelpthepoor.
C．Dishescanbesoldtomakealotofprofits.
D．Peoplecangettheirorderedfoodathome.
A 解析：
推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“TooGoodToGo...inthecountry.”和第二段中的“UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”可以推知，由于TooGoodToGo软件的出现，人们可以花比较少的钱吃一顿丰盛的饭，故选A项。
C
（xx·湖南长沙高三模拟）AnewstudybytheBritishgovernmenthasdiscoveredthementalhealthofthecountry’steenagegirlshasbeeworse.
Thesurvey,whichincluded30，00014yearoldstudentsinxxandxx,showed37percentofgirlswithpsychologicalstress,upfrom34percentinxx.Britishboys’stresslevelwasactuallyseentofalloverthesametimeperiod，from17percentto15percent.
Thereport’sauthorspointedoutthe“adventofthesocialmediaage”couldbeamajorcontributingfactorforincreasedstressamongteenageBritishgirls.
“Theadolescentyearsareatimeofrapidphysical，cognitive（认知的）andemotionaldevelopment，”PamRamsden,alecturerinpsychologyattheUniversityofBradfordintheUnitedKingdom,wroteinarecentblogpost.“Teenagersinteractwithpeopleinordertolearnhowtobeepetent（有能力的）adults.Inthepast，theywouldengagewithparents，teachersandotheradultsintheirmunityaswellasextendedfamilymembersandfriends.Nowwecanalsoaddsocialmediatothatlistofsocialandemotionaldevelopment.”
Throughoutadolescence，girlsandboysdevelopcharacteristicslikeconfidenceandselfcontrol.Sinceteenagebrainshavenotpletelydeveloped，teensdon’thavethecognitiveawarenessandimpulse（冲动）controltokeepfrompostinginappropriatecontent.Furthermore，thiscontentcaneasilybespreadfarandwidewithdisastrousinfluences.
“Socialmediacanalsofeedintogirls’insecuritiesabouttheirappearance，”Ramsdensaid.Thesesitesareoftenfilledwithimagesofpeoplewithbodytypeunattainabletothenormalperson.However，theseimagesandthemessagestiedtothemgraduallybeesocietalstandards.
【解题导语】 一项新研究发现，英国女孩的心理健康状况变得更糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的到来可能是造成英国女孩心理压力加大的主要因素。
9．Thestatisticsinthesecondparagraphshowthat__________．
A．moreandmorechildreninBritainhavementalhealthproblems
B．fewgirlsinBritainsufferedfrompsychologicalstressinxx
C．moreboysinBritainaresufferingfrommentalpressurenow
D．moreBritishgirlsfeelpsychologicallystressedthanboysdonow
D 解析：
推理判断题。
根据第二段的第一句可知，调查显示，xx年37%的英国女孩有心理压力，而xx年只有34%；根据第二段的第二句可知，同期调查显示，英国男孩有心理压力的从xx年的17%降到xx年的15%。
据此可以判断，英国女孩有心理压力的比男孩多，故D项正确。
10．Contrarytotraditionalwaysofinteraction,socialmedia________．
A．helpsteenagersdevelopqualitieslikeconfidenceandselfcontrol
B．hasmanynegativeeffectsongirls’characteristicdevelopment
C．makesteensawareofpotentialdangeroftheinappropriatecontent
D．teachesgirlstocareabouttheirappearancetomeetsocietalstandards
B 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第五段的最后一句和最后一段第一句的“Socialmediacanalsofeedintogirls’insecuritiesabouttheirappearance”可知，由于青少年的思想还不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒体对英国女孩的心理健康和她们对外表美丑的判断产生了消极的影响。
故B项正确。
11．Theunderlinedword“advent”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“________”．
A．arrival B．end
C．disappearanceD．invention
A 解析：
词义猜测题。
结合该段内容和下文关于传统交流方式和社交媒体的比较可知，报告的作者指出，“社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国女孩心理压力增加的主要因素。
据此可知，画线词意为“到来”，故A项正确。
D
（xx·合肥高三调研性检测）Inoureverydayliveswe
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