北京成人学位英语真题B卷及答案.docx

北京成人学位英语真题B卷及答案.docx

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北京成人学位英语真题B卷及答案

2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统考（B卷）题

2008-11-22

PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares（噩梦）.

（76）NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase（抹去）,theeffectofpainfulmemories.

InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.（77）Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.

Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.

Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.

“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions.”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.“Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.”

Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.

“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivedthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

Aanewmedicalinvention

Banewresearchonmemories

Cawayoferasingpainfulmemories

Danargumentabouttheresearchonthepill

2.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan____.

Acausethebraintofixmemories

Bstoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiences

Cpreventbodyproducingcertainchemicals

Dwipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.

Apeopledoubttheeffectsofthepills

Bthepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiences

Ctakingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealth

DthepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?

ASomememoriescanruinpeople’slives.

BPeoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.

CExperiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.

DThepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

5.Theword“scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto____.

Agoodstories

Bpains

Cexperiences

Dmemories

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivityproblem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.

（78）Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjectedtotherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.

6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat____.

Aanemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice

Bataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar

Caworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop

Daworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain

7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat_____.

Ahecanconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking

Bheoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-room

Cheoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking

Dhetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation

8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit____.

Areducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

Bdoesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany

Caffectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

Dmakesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

9.Passivesmokingmeans____

Anever-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

Bnever-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

Cnever-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette

Dnever-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanningon-the-jobsmokingsoasto____.

Acutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance

Bcreateahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment

Cpreventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem

Dimprovethesmokingemployees’workefficiency

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage

ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels.Itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.（79）Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombaywonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimalsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove.Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears.Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturns,itcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.（80）Clocksoperatewithgears.SodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbytheIndianscientiststoproduceelectricity.

AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.

11.Whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?

AIndianenergyofficials

BScientistsinIndia

COfficialsintheUnitedNations

DResearchersinEurope.

12.WhichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

APullingvehicles

BPlowingfields

CPumpingwateroutifwells

DCarryingfoodbaskets.

13.WhyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?

ABecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeople

BBecausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol

CBecausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia

DBecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia

14.Inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold”inParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto_____.

Ausingbullockstoproduceenergy

Busingpumpstodrawwaterout

Chavingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmove

Dconnectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity.

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?

AIthasalargegearandasmallergear.

BIt’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove.

CIt’squitecheap.

DIt’sstillbeingtested.

PartIIVocabularyandStructure（30%）

Directions:

Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm____.

Aweather

Btemperature

Cseason

Dclimate

17.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayget____byacar.

Arunout