一般过去时的讲解自动保存的资料.docx
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一般过去时的讲解自动保存的资料
一般过去时
引入:
在上课前先回顾上节所学的一般现在时的知识,并举出例句:
Ioftengotoschoolbybike.(我经常骑车去学校。
)
那么要怎么表达我昨天时骑车去学校的呢?
因为动作时在昨天发生的所以在一般过去时里动词则要变成他的过去式(后会附动词过去式的变换规则。
)除此之外我们也要把表示时间的词变成”昨天”即yesterday,那么句子就可改为:
Iwenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.
一由此引出一般过去时的定义:
一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作简而言之就是过去的一个动作。
二.一般过去时常用的标志词:
(时间状语)如yesterday昨天、lastnight昨晚、lastweek上周、lastyear去年,someyearsago几年以前,in1955在1955年,theotherday几天前,atthattime在那个时候,justnow.刚刚等
三一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)
1.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am,is的过去式为was;are的过去式为were
肯定句式:
主语+be(was,were)+其它.
Iwasastudentthreeyearsago.
否定句式:
主语+be(was,were)+not+其它.
Iwasnotateacherthreeyearsago.(wasnot的缩写wasn’t)
一般疑问句:
Be(was,were)+主语+其它?
肯定回答Yes,主语+be(was,were)
否定回答No,主语+be(was,were)+not
Wereyouastudentthreeyearsago?
Yes,Iwas/No,Iwasn’t(注意在问答时一二人称之间的转换)
否定疑问句:
be(was,were)+not+主语+其他
Wasn’theateacherthreeyearsago?
Yes,hewas(不,他是的)/No,hewasn’t(是,他不是)
(注意:
在回答否定疑问句时往往,yes翻译成不,no翻译成是)
注:
在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was/were。
Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.
肯定句式:
主语+动词(过去式)+其它
Wevisitedthefactorylastweek.
否定句式:
主语+didn’t+动词(原形)+其它(didnot=didn’t)
Wedidn’tvisitthefactorylastweek.
一般疑问句:
Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它【do,does的过去时均为did】?
肯定回答:
Yes,主语+did/否定回答:
No,主语+didn’t
Didyouvisitthefactorylastweek?
Yes,Idid/No,Ididn’t
否定疑问句:
Didn’tyouvisitthefactorylastweek?
Yes,wedid/No,wedidn’t
(注意:
在回答否定疑问句时往往,yes翻译成不,no翻译成是)
注:
did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。
3.情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似的:
肯定句式:
主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它
IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.
否定句式:
主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它.
IcouldnotswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.
一般疑问句:
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它?
肯定回答:
yes,主语+情态动词过去式
否定回答:
no,主语+情态动词过去式
Couldyouswimwhenyouweresevenyearsold?
.
Yes,Icould/No,Icouldn’t
否定疑问句:
情态动词过去式+not+主语+动词原形+其他
Couldnotyouswimwhenyouweresevenyearsold?
Yes,Icould/No,Icouldnot
注:
情态动词的过去式:
can→could,may→might,must→must,will-would,should-should。
四动词过去式的基本用法;
①表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
五动词过去式的变换规则:
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。
look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。
live→liveduse→usedtaste-tasted
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加–ed。
study→studiedtry→triedfly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。
stop→stoppedplan→plannedstop-stoppedprefer→preferred
六知识点关联
(1)直接引语与间接引语的用法:
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。
如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化
一般现在时变为一般过去时
Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?
"
→HeaskedmewhereIlived.
(2).usedtodosth.意为"过去常常做某事",
IusedtoswiminthisriverwhenIwasyoung.我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。
beusedtosth./doingsth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事
Iwasn'tusedtocitylife,butnowIhavegotusedtolivinginthiscity.我以前不习惯都市生活,但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。
beusedtodosth.意为"被用来做某事
Woodcanbeusedtomakepaper.树木可以用来造纸。
beusedfor...意为"被当做……",
Theseal'sfurcanbeusedforcoats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。
七年级下册各单元动词及其单三现在分词过去式过去分词的的变换规则:
原型
单三
过去式
现在分词
过去分词
Unit1Canyouplaytheguitar
joinv.参加;加入
joins
joined
joining
joined
dancev.跳舞;舞蹈
dance
danced
dancing
dancing
swimv.游泳
swims
swam
swimming
swum
singv.唱;唱歌
sings
sang
singing
sung
paintv.画画
paints(可做名词复数)
painted
painting
painted
speakv.说;说话
speaks
spoke
speaking
spoken
drawv.画
draws
drew
drawing
drawn
tellv.n讲述;告诉
tells
told
telling
told
writev.写作,写字
writes
wrote
writing
written
talkv.n说话;谈话
talks
talked
talking
talked
makev.使或为;制造
makes
made
making
made
teachv教,讲授
teaches
taught
teaching
taught
Unit2Whattimedoyougotoschool
exercisev.n锻炼;练习
exercises(可做名词练习的复数)
exercised
exercising
exercising
workn.&v.工作
works
worked
working
worked
brushv.刷
brushes
brushed
brushing
brushed
runv跑;奔
runs
ran
running
run
walk行走;步行
walks
walked
walking
walked
cleanv打扫;弄干净
cleans
cleaned
cleaning
cleaned
tastev.有…的味道;品尝n.味道;滋味
tastes
tasted
tasting
tasted
Unit3Howdoyougettoschool
ridev骑n旅行
rides
rode
riding
ridden
drive开车
drives
drove
driving
drove
stop停止
stops
stopped
stopping
stopped
leave离开
leaves(可做leaf的复数)
left
leaving
left
dream梦想;睡梦
dreams可做名词
dreamed
dreaming
dreamed
Unit4Don’teatinclass
arrive到达
arrives
arrived
arriving
arrived
listen听;倾听
listens
listened
listening
listened
fight打架战斗
fights
fought
fighting
fought
wear穿;戴
wears
wore
wearing
worn
bring带来;取来
brings
brought
bringing
brought
relax放松;休息
relaxes
relaxed
relaxing(一般做形容词)
relaxed
read读;阅读
reads
read
reading
read
remember记住;记起
remembers
remembered
remembering
remembered
keep保持;保留
keeps
kept
keeping
kept
learn学习;学会
learns
learnt
learning
learnt
Unit5Whatdoyoulikepandas
sleepv,n睡觉
sleeps
slept
sleeping(可做形容词)
slept
23、savev救;救助
saves
saved
saving(多做形容词)
saved
forgetv忘记;旗杆
forgets
forgot
forgetting
forgotten
cutv;切砍
cuts
cut
cutting
cut
killv杀死;弄死
kills
killed
killing
killed
Unit6I’mwatchingTV
usev使用;运用
uses
used
using
used
washv洗
washes
washed
washing
washed
drinkv喝n饮料
drinks
drank
drinking
drunk
shopv购物
shops
shopped
shopping
shopped
miss怀念.思念
misses
missed
missing
missed
wishv希望
wishes(多做名词复数)
wished
wishing
wished
rain下雨;雨水
rains
rained
raining
rained
Unit7It'sraining!
snow下雪
snows
-----
snowing
----
cook做饭
cooks
cooked
cooking
cooked
visit拜访;参观
visits
visited
visiting
visited
sit坐
sits
sat
sitting
sat
skate滑冰
skates
skated
skating
skated
Unit8Isthereapostofficenearhere?
pay付费
pays
paid
paying
paid
turn转向
turns
turned
turning
turned
spend花(时间、钱等)
spends
spent
spending
spent
climb爬
climbs
climbed
climbing
climbed
enjoy享受;喜爱
enjoys
enjoyed
enjoying
enjoyed
Unit9Whatdoeshelooklike?
put放
puts
put
putting
put
describe描述
describe
described
describing
described
Unit10I'dlikesomenoodles.
order点菜;命令
orders
ordered
ordering
ordered
answer答案;回答
answers
answered
answering
answered
blow吹
blows
blew
blowing
blown
Unit11Howwasyourschooltrip?
feed喂养;饲养
feeds
fed
feeding
fed
grow种植;生长;发育
grows
grew
growing
grown
pick采;摘
picks
picked
picking
picked
worry担心;担忧
worries
worried(多做形容词)
worrying
----
Unit12Whatdidyoudolastweekend?
camp扎营
camps
camped
camping
camped
stay停留
stays
stayed
staying
stamped
shout呼叫,喊叫
shouts
shouted
shouting
shouted
fly飞
flies
flew
flying
flown
move移动
moves
moved
moving
moved
jump跳跃
jumps
jumped
jumping
jumped
start开始,着手
starts
started
starting
started
wake弄醒,醒
wakes
woke
waking
woken