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初二英语总结第四讲上海地区
第四讲
2012年秋季班八年级英语讲义（教师版）
范围：
八年级第一学期主要词汇、句型、语法及练习
A.《新世纪》UnitOne,LessonTwo:
Robots
B.《牛津上海版》ModuleOne,UnitTwo:
WorkandPlay
说明：
音标与词性缩写统一为牛津版格式
I.Words单词
A.
1.nothing/ˈnʌθɪŋ/pron.没有东西；没有什么事情
∙Nothingmeansnotasinglething,ornotasinglepartofsomething.
e.g.I'vedonenothingmuchsincecoffeetime.
Usage:
∙Nothing表否定，在反意疑问句中要注意最后反问部分的使用。
e.g.Youhavenothingtodo,doyou?
2.anybody/ˈenɪˌbɔdɪ/pron.（一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句）任何人
∙Youuseanybodyinstatementswithnegativemeaningtoindicateinageneralwaythatnobodyispresentorinvolvedinanaction.
∙Youanybodyinquestionsandconditionalclausestoaskortalkaboutwhethersomeoneispresentordoingsomething.
e.g.Iwon'ttellanybodyIsawyouhere.
Whywouldanybodywantthatjob?
3.somebody/ˈsʌmbədɪ/pron.某人；有人
∙Youusesomebodytorefertoapersonwithoutsayingexactlywhoyoumean.
e.g.Ineedsomeonetohelpme.
4.nobody/ˈnəubədɪ/pron.没有人；无人
∙Nobodymeansnotasingleperson,ornotasinglememberofaparticulargrouporset.
e.g.Nobodyrealizeshowbadthingsare.
Usage:
∙Nobody表否定，故在反义疑问句中要注意最后反问部分的肯否。
e.g.Shesawnobody,didshe?
5.everybody/ˈevrɪbɔdɪ/pron.所有人；每个人
∙Youuseeverybodytorefertoallpeople.
e.g.Everybodyneedssomefreetimeforrest.
6.industrial/ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/adj.工业的；产业的
∙Youuseindustrialtodescribethingswhichrelatetoorareusedinindustry.
e.g.Anewtownhasgrownupinthisindustrialdistrict.
Usage:
∙派生词：
industry（n.工业；行业）
∙注意industry和industrial重音的不同。
7.medical/ˈmedɪkəl/adj.医学的；医疗的；医术的
∙Medicalmeansrelatingtoillnessandinjuriesandtotheirtreatmentorprevention.
e.g.ButinParishedroppedhismedicalstudies.
Usage:
∙派生词：
medicine（n.药；医学），medically（adv.医学上地）
8.practise/ˈpræktɪs/vi.&vt.练习；实践
∙Practisemeansdoingsomethingregularlyinordertobeabletodoitbetter.Apractiseisoneoftheseperiodsofdoingsomething.
e.g.Shewastakingallthreeofherdaughterstobasketballpractiseeveryday.
B.
1.company/ˈkʌmpənɪ/n.公司
∙Acompanyisabusinessorganizationthatmakesmoneybysellinggoodsorservices.
e.g.Heisworkinginashippingcompany.
Usage:
∙辨析company，corporation和firm
company:
多指生产或销售产品的公司、商号，也可指经办服务性项目的公司。
corporation:
多指一个人拥有或多人联办的大公司，也指在其它地区或国家拥有分公司的公司。
firm:
含义广泛，可指公司、商行或商号。
规模可大可小，经营、管理的人员可多可少。
2.discuss/dɪsˈkʌs/vt.讨论；谈论；商量
∙Ifpeoplediscusssomething,theytalkaboutit,ofteninordertoreachadecision.
e.g.Collegestudentsalwaysdiscussthenews.
Usage:
∙派生词：
discussion（n.讨论）
∙常见搭配：
discusssth.withsb.
e.g.Iwillbediscussingthesituationwithcolleaguestomorrow.
3.grade/ɡreɪd/n.等级，级别；年级
∙Yourgradeinanexaminationorpieceofwrittenworkisthemarkyouget,usuallyintheformofaletterornumber,thatindicatesyourlevelofachievement.
∙IntheUnitedStates,agradeisagroupofclassesinwhichallthechildrenareofasimilarage.
e.g.Healwaysgothighgradesinschool.
She’sintheeighthgrade.
4.collect/kəˈlekt/vt.接走；收藏
∙Whenyoucollectsomeoneorsomething,yougoandgetthemfromtheplacewheretheyarewaitingforyouorhavebeenleftforyou.
∙Ifyoucollectthings,suchasstampsorbooks,asahobby,yougetalargenumberofthemoveraperiodoftimebecausetheyinterestyou.
e.g.DavidalwayscollectsAlistairfromschoolonWednesdays.
Iusedtocollectstamps.
Usage:
∙辨析collect和gather
collect:
普通用词，多用于指物，侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来。
gather:
普通用词，指人或物或抽象事物都可用。
侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集。
5.return/rɪˈtə:
n/vi.回到；返回
vt.归还
∙Whenyoureturntoaplace,yougobackthereafteryouhavebeenaway.
∙Ifyoureturnsomethingthatyouhaveborrowedortaken,yougiveitbackorputitback.
e.g.BlairwillreturntoLondontonight..
IenjoyedthebookandsaidsowhenIreturnedit.
Usage:
∙常见搭配：
returnsth.tosb.
6.attend/əˈtend/vt.出席；参加
∙Ifyouattendameetingorotherevent,youarepresentatit..
e.g.Thousandsofpeopleattendedthefuneral.
7.assist/əˈsɪst/vt.帮助，协助
∙Ifyouassistsomeone,youhelpthemtodoajobortaskbydoingpartoftheworkforthem.
e.g.Juliawasassistinghimtopreparehisspeech.
Usage:
∙常见搭配：
assistsb.withsth.=assistsb.todosth.=assistsb.indoingsth.（帮助某人做某事）
∙派生词：
assistant（n.助手）
8.continue/kənˈtɪnju:
/vi.&vt.继续；持续
∙Ifsomeoneorsomethingcontinuestodosomething,theykeepdoingitanddonotstop.
e.g.Thefightingcontinuedforaweek.
Usage:
∙常见搭配：
continuetodosth.（继续去做某事），continuedoingsth.（持续做某事）
二、Phrases词组
A.
1.bedifferentfrom易于……
∙Iftwopeopleorthingsaredifferentfromeachother,theyarenotlikeeachotherinoneormoreways.
e.g.Hewantstopushhimselfforwardandbedifferentfromtheothers.
2.withpleasure没问题；欣然地
∙Youcansay'Withpleasure'asapolitewayofsayingthatyouareverywillingtodosomething.
e.g.Heacceptedtheinvitationwithpleasure.
B.
1.twiceaweek每周两次
∙Ifyoudosomethingtwiceaweek,youdoittwiceineveryweek.
e.g.Idotherevisiontwiceaweek.
Usage:
∙类似的用法有：
onceaweek（一周一次），twiceamonth（一月两次），threetimesaday（一天三次）
2.asksb.todosth.要（请）某人做某事
∙Ifyouasksomeonetodosomething,youtellthemthatyouwantthemtodoit.
e.g.Askhimtocomeearly.
Usage:
∙否定形式为：
asksb.nottodosth.
3.havedinnerwithsb.与某人共进晚餐
∙Ifyouhavedinnerwithsomeone,youeatyourdinnertogetherwithhim.
e.g.Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithmetonight?
4.continuedoingsth.继续做某事
∙Ifsomeoneorsomethingcontinuesdoingsomething,theykeepdoingitanddonotstop.
e.g.Howcanyoucontinuewritinginsuchdimlight?
Usage:
∙辨析continuetodo和continuedoing
continuetodo指停下手上的事，继续去做其他事。
continuedoing指继续做正在做的事，不发生变化。
三、Sentences句型
A.
1.Whatelse…还有什么其他的……
e.g.Whatelsecanrobotsdo?
机器人还能做其他的事情吗？
I'dliketohearwhatelseyou'vegottosay.
Usage:
∙常见搭配：
somewhereelse（其他地方），someoneelse（其他人）
2.keepsb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物处于某种状态
e.g.Thesethingskeepusbusynotonlyatschoolandworkbutalsoathome.
不仅是上学、上班还是在家里，这些琐碎的事总是让我们忙个不停。
Pleasekeeptheroomclean.
3.notonly…butalso…不但……而且……
e.g.Thesethingskeepusbusynotonlyatschoolandworkbutalsoathome.
不仅是上学、上班还是在家里，这些琐碎的事总是让我们忙个不停。
NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIaminterestedinsports.
Usage:
∙notonly…butalso…=both…and…
B.
1.…before11:
30p.m.晚上十一点半之前
e.g.Iseldomgotobedbefore11:
30p.m.
我很少在晚上十一点半之前睡觉。
AnniewasbornafewweeksbeforeChristmas.
Usage:
∙辨析before和ago
before指某个时间之前，ago指现在之前。
before一般用完成时，ago一般用一般过去式。
before可以用在名词前构成词组，ago不能，必须放在名词后面。
2.…,because………，因为……
e.g.Butsomeoftheworkisboringbecauseitistoosimpleforme.
但一些功课很乏味，因为对于我他们是在太简单了。
HeiscalledMitch,becausehisnameisMitchell.
四、Grammar语法
A.
无
B.
1.AdverbsandAdverbialPhrasesofFrequency
∙常见频度副词：
always---allthetime（总是）
usually/often---manytimes（经常）
sometimes---lessthanoften,morethanseldom（有时）
seldom---notmanytimes（很少）
never---atnotime（从不）
∙副词的基本用法：
放在实义动词前。
在助动词之后。
有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
副词短语放在句首或句末。
∙用howoften询问动作发生的频率
五、Exercises练习
PartOneListening
I.Listenandchoosetherightpicture
1._______2._______3._______4._______5._______6._______
II.Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestanswertothequestionyouhear
（）1.A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.D.Windy.
（）2.A.Tom.B.Tim.C.Mr.Brown.D.Mrs.Brown.
（）3.A.10dollars.B.30dollars.C.40dollars.D.50dollars.
（）4.A.ToseeafilmB.TowatchTV.C.Towalkinthepark.D.Tostayathome.
（）5.A.Mr.Blackisfree.B.Mr.Blackisout.C.Mr.Blackisbusy.D.Mr.Blackisin.
III.Listentothepassageandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse
（）1.JameswasawriterfromEnglandandhewroteafunnystory.
（）2.Hehadtoreachtheairportathalfpastseveninthemorning.
（）3.ThedrivercametopickhimupandJamesarrivedattheairportontime.
（）4.WhenJamesturnedontheradioheheardthespeakersayingthathemissedtheplane.
（）5.Jameswasluckybecausehewasnotabletogetontheplane.
IV.Listentothepassageandcompletethefollowingsentences
1.Flatsareveryexpensiveforstudentswhohavejust________school.
2.Havingproblemswithyourroommatewillmakeyoufeel________.
3.Livingwithafriendcanbe________.
4.It'snecessarytomake________whenyoumoveinwitharoommate.
5.Whenyoustaywitharoommate,don'tbeangryat________things.
PartTwoVocabulary&Grammar
V.Choosethebestanswer
1.JulialeftShanghai______themorningofOctober1.
A.inB.atC.forD.on
2.Shanghailooks______thanbefore.
A.muchbeautifulB.farmorebeautifulC.farbeautifulD.verybeautiful
3.MissZhangteaches______Chinesethisterm.
A.usB.weC.ourD.ours
4.______theboywasverytired,______hedidn’tstopworking.
A.Although,butB.Although,/C./,althoughD./,so
5.Mygrandmother’sgardenis______beautifulflowers.
A.fillofB.fullofC.fillwithD.fullwith
6.YouarenotgoodatEnglish.Letmehelpyou______yourEnglish.
A.withB.toC.onD.in
7.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishaforeignlanguagewellistokeep______.
A.practisingB.topractiseC.forpractiseD.practise
8.Themachineisveryeasytouse.______canlearntouseitinaveryshorttime.
A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.NobodyD.Fewpeople
9.Sinceyouareoverweight,you’dbetter______lessjunkfood.
A.toeatB.eatingC.eatD.ate
10.NeithermysisternorI______interestedintheshortplay.
A.isB.areC.amD.were
VI.Completethefollowingpassage
升级会员 