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英语六级真题及参考答案完整版
2020年9月英语六级真题及参考答案【完整版】
听力:
SectionA
LongConversationOne
M:
YouareaprofessorofPhysicsattheUniversityofOxford.YouareasenioradvisorattheEuropeanOrganizationforNuclearResearch.Youalsoseemtotourtheglobaltirelessly,givingtalks.Andinaddition,youhaveyourownweeklyTVshowOnScience.Wheredoyougettheenergy?
W:
Oh,well. 【Q1】IjustlovewhatIdo. Iamextremelyfortunatetohavethislife,doingwhatIlovedoing.
M:
Professor,whatexactlyisyourgoal?
Whydoyoudoallofthese?
W:
well,asyousaid,Idohavedifferentthingsgoingon.ButtheseIthinkcanbedividedinto 【Q2】twogroups:
theeducationofscience,andthefurtherunderstandingofscience.
M:
Don'tthesetwothingsgetinthewayofeachother?
WhatImeanis,doesn'tgivinglecturestaketimeawayfromthelab?
W:
Notreally,no.Iloveteaching,andIdon’tmindspendingmoretimedoingthatnowthaninthepast.Also,whatIwillsayis,that 【Q3】teachingasubjecthelpsmecomprehenditbettermyself.IfindthatitfurthersmyownknowledgewhenIhavetoexplainsomethingclearly,whenIhavetoaidothersunderstandingit,andwhenIhavetoanswerquestionsaboutit. Teachingatahighlevelcanbeverystimulatingforanyone,nomatterhowmuchexpertisetheymayalreadyhaveinthefieldtheyareinstructing.
M:
Arethereanyscientificbreakthroughsthatyouseeonthenearhorizon?
Asignificantdiscoveryorinventionwecanexpectsoon.
W:
【Q4】Theworldisalwaysconductingscience.Andthere'reconstantlynewthingsbeingdiscovered.Infact,rightnow,wehavetoomuchdatasittingincomputers. Forexample,wehavethousandsofphotosofplanetMarstakenbytelescopesthatnobodyhaseverseen. Wehavethem,yetnobodyhashadtimetolookatthemwiththeirowneyes,letaloneanalyzethem.
Q1:
Whydoesthewomansayshecanbesoenergetic?
Q2:
Whathasthewomanbeenengagedin?
Q3:
Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebenefitteachingbringstoher?
Q4:
Howdoesthewomansaynewscientificbreakthroughscanbemadepossible?
SectionA
Conversation2
M:
Doyouthinkdreams 【Q5】havespecialmeanings?
W:
No.Idon'tthinktheydo.
M:
Idon'teither,butsomepeopledo.Iwouldsaypeoplewhobelievethatdreamshavespecialmeaningsaresuperstitious,especiallynowadays.Inthepast,duringthetimesofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedtobelievethatdreamscouldforeseethefuture.Buttoday,withallthescientificknowledgethatwehave,Ithinkit'smuchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.
W:
Mygrandmotherissuperstitious,andshethinksdreamscanpredictthefuture.Once, 【Q6】shedreamedthattheflightshewasduetotakethefollowingdaycrashed. Canyouguesswhatshedid?
Shedidn'ttakethatflight.Shedidn'tevenbothertogototheairportthefollowingday.Instead,shetookthesameflightbutaweeklater.Andeverythingwasfineofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.
M:
Howfunny!
Didyouknowthatflyingisactuallysaferthananyothermodeoftransport?
It'sbeenstatisticallyproven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.
W:
Yes,absolutely.But,evenifwethinktheyareridiculous, 【Q7】emotionscanbejustaspowerfulasrationalthinking.
M:
Exactly.Peopledoallsortsofcrazythingsbecauseoftheirirrationalfeelings.Butinfact,somepsychologistsbelievethatourdreamsaretheresultofouremotionsandmemoriesfromthatday.IthinkitwasSigmundFreudwhosaidthatchildren'sdreamswereusuallysimplerepresentationsoftheirwishes,thingstheywishedwouldhappen. 【Q8】Butinadults',dreamsaremuchmorecomplicatedreflectionsoftheirmoresophisticatedsentiments.
W:
Isn'titinterestinghowpsychologiststrytounderstandusingthescientificmethodsomethingasbazaarasdreams?
Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.
Q5:
Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?
Q6:
Whydidn'tthewoman'sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?
Q7:
Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople'semotions?
Q8:
WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults'dreams?
SectionB
Passage1
WhilesomescientistsexplorethesurfaceoftheAntarctic,othersarelearningmoreaboutagiantbodyofwater--fourkilometersbeneaththeicepack.ScientistsfirstdiscoveredLakeVostokinthe1970sbyusingradiowavesthatpenetratetheice.Sincethen,theyhaveusedsoundwavesandevensatellitestomapthismassivebodyofwater.HowdoesthewaterinLakeVostokremainedliquidbeneathanicesheet?
“Thethickglacieraboveactslikeinsulatingblanketandkeepsthewaterfromfreezing,”saidMartinSiegert,aglaciologistfromtheuniversityofWales.Inaddition,geothermalheatfromthedeepwithintheearthmaywarmthehiddenlake.ThescientistssuspectthatmicroorganismsmaybelivinginLakeVostok,closedofffromtheoutsideworldformorethantwomillionyears.Anythingfoundthatwillbetotallyalientowhat’sonthesurfaceoftheearth,saidSiegert.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytodrillintotheiceanddrawwatersampleswithoutcausingcontamination.Again,robotsmightbethesolution.Ifallgoesasplanned,adrill-shiftrobotwillmeltthroughthesurfaceice.Whenitreachesthelake,itwillreleaseanotherrobotthatcanswiminthelake,takepicturesandlookforsignsoflife.Thescientistshopethatdiscoverieswillshedlightonlifeinouterspace,whichmightexistinsimilardarkandairlessconditions.Recentlyclosed-uppicturesofJupiter’smoon,Europa,showssignsofwaterbeneaththeicysurface.OncetestedtheAntarctic,robotscouldbesettoEuropatosearchforlifethere,too.
Q9:
WhatdidthescientistsfirstusetodiscoverLakeVostokinthe1970s?
Q10:
WhatdidscientiststhinkaboutLakeVostok?
Q11:
Whatdothescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswilldo?
SectionB
Passage2
TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe–Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984when 【Q12】hediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage. HecontactedthetribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesinMexico.Atfirst,thetribemembernamedGonzalezwasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp. 【Q13】HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays,thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhattheirmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.【Q14】EnteringtheworldofTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland. Toreachtheirhomeland,hemuststrivetwoandhalfdaysfromHustonTaxes.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribe’smencan’t easilygetandgivesthegoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveanyhumiliatingwealth,takethefoodandshareamongthemselves.ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfyingbutalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways. 【Q15】“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays,“IexperiencedthesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.Iseealotofbeautyandtheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.”
Q12:
WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribe--Tarahumaras?
Q13:
HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?
Q14:
WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?
Q15:
WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?
SectionC
Recording1
Whatisaradical?
Itseemstodaythatpeopleareterrifiedoftheterm,particularlyofhavingthelabelattachtothem.【Q16】Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradicaloftenservestosilencethemintosubmission,thereby,maintainingtheexistingstateofaffairs,and,moreimportant,preservingthepowerofaselectminority,whoaremostlywealthywhitemalesinwesternsociety.
Feminismisaperfectexampleofthisphenomenon.Thewomen'smovementhasbeenplaguedbystereotypes,misrepresentationsbythemedia,andaccusationsofman-hatingandradicalism.Whenthebasicfoundationoffeminismissimplythatwomendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsoflife.Whenfacedwiththethreatofbeinglabelledradical,womenbackdownfromtheirworthycallsandconsequently,participateintheirownoppression.
Ithasgottentothepointthatmanywomenareafraidtocallthemselvesfeministsbecauseofastigmaattachedtotheword.Ifpeoplerefusedtobecontrolled,andintimidatedbystigmas,thestigmaslosealltheirpower,withoutfearonwhichtheyfeed,suchstigmascanonlydie.
Tome, 【Q17】aradicalissimplysomeonewhorebelsagainstthenormwhenadvocatesachangeintheexistingstateofaffairs. Oncloseinspection,itbecomesclearthatthenormisconstantlyinvolving,andtherefore,isnotaconstantentity.
Sowhythen,isdeviationfromthepresentsituationsuchathreat,whenthestateofaffairsitselfisunstableandsubjecttorelentlesstransformation?
Itallgoesbacktomaintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveitandpreventingtherightofthosewhodon't.Infact,whenwelookattheword"radical"inahistoricalcontext,nearlyeveryfigurewenowholdupasaherowasconsideredaradicalinhisorhertime.Radicalsarepeoplewhoaffectchange.Theyarethepeopleaboutwhomhistoryiswritten.Abolitionistswereradicals,civilrightsactivistswereradicals, 【Q18】eventhefoundersofourcountryintheirfighttowinindependencefromEnglandwereradi