中科院博士英语模板.docx
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中科院博士英语模板
SAMPLETEST
THECHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES
ENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORALCANDIDATES
PAPERONE
PARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)
Directions:
Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.
A.postB.status
C.positionD.place
2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch.
A.legibleB.legitimate
C.legislativeD.illicit
3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.
A.endB.hand
C.coreD.best
4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.
A.impededB.imparted
C.imploredD.implemented
5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife.
A.spelloutB.callupon
C.falloverD.resortto
6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.
A.grosslyB.severely
C.rapidlyD.drastically
7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.
A.elitismB.eloquence
C.eminenceD.etiquette
8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit.
A.alteredB.criticized
C.incorporatedD.translated
9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.
A.overB.with
C.downD.through
10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.
A.discriminatingB.distributing
C.disagreeingD.disclosing
11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.
A.findfaultwithB.makethemostof
C.lookdownuponD.getevenwith
12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.
A.impressiveB.evasive
C.intensiveD.exhaustive
13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.
A.intoleranceB.pessimism
C.injusticeD.antagonism
14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.
A.countB.insist
C.fallD.dwell
15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.
A.heartsB.tempers
C.headsD.senses
16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.
A.atthemercyofB.inlieuof
C.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof
17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.
A.equivalentB.similar
C.consistentD.identical
18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.
A.honestlyB.graciously
C.coherentlyD.flexibly
19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.
A.significanceinB.imaginationat
C.resemblancetoD.predominanceover
20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.
A.shoutdownB.getround
C.complywithD.passover
PARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.
Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996)
21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there
22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executed
23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts
24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range
25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome
26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing
27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably
28.A.inB.withC.asD.to
29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last
30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace
31.A.onB.upC.downD.out
32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little
33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet
34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track
35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.as
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionA(60minutes,30points)
Directions:
Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.
Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.
Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.
Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.
36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.
A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent
B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted
C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent
D.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive
37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.
A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent
B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent
C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent
D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue
38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe______________.