中科院博士英语模板.docx

中科院博士英语模板.docx

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中科院博士英语模板

　　SAMPLETEST

　　THECHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES

　　ENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION

　　FOR

　　DOCTORALCANDIDATES

　　PAPERONE

　　PARTIVOCABULARY（15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach）

　　Directions:

Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

　　1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.

　　A.postB.status

　　C.positionD.place

　　2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch.

　　A.legibleB.legitimate

　　C.legislativeD.illicit

　　3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.

　　A.endB.hand

　　C.coreD.best

　　4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.

　　A.impededB.imparted

　　C.imploredD.implemented

　　5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife.

　　A.spelloutB.callupon

　　C.falloverD.resortto

　　6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.

　　A.grosslyB.severely

　　C.rapidlyD.drastically

　　7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.

　　A.elitismB.eloquence

　　C.eminenceD.etiquette

　　8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit.

　　A.alteredB.criticized

　　C.incorporatedD.translated

　　9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.

　　A.overB.with

　　C.downD.through

　　10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.

　　A.discriminatingB.distributing

　　C.disagreeingD.disclosing

　　11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.

　　A.findfaultwithB.makethemostof

　　C.lookdownuponD.getevenwith

　　12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.

　　A.impressiveB.evasive

　　C.intensiveD.exhaustive

　　13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.

　　A.intoleranceB.pessimism

　　C.injusticeD.antagonism

　　14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.

　　A.countB.insist

　　C.fallD.dwell

　　15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.

　　A.heartsB.tempers

　　C.headsD.senses

　　16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.

　　A.atthemercyofB.inlieuof

　　C.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof

　　17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.

　　A.equivalentB.similar

　　C.consistentD.identical

　　18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.

　　A.honestlyB.graciously

　　C.coherentlyD.flexibly

　　19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.

　　A.significanceinB.imaginationat

　　C.resemblancetoD.predominanceover

　　20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.

　　A.shoutdownB.getround

　　C.complywithD.passover

　　PARTIICLOZETEST（15minutes,15points）

　　Directions:

Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

　　Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.

　　Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.（1996）

　　21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there

　　22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executed

　　23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts

　　24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range

　　25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome

　　26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing

　　27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably

　　28.A.inB.withC.asD.to

　　29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last

　　30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace

　　31.A.onB.upC.downD.out

　　32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little

　　33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet

　　34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track

　　35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.as

　　PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

　　SectionA（60minutes,30points）

　　Directions:

Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

　　Passage1

　　Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.

　　Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.

　　Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.

　　Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome（thesis）andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines（antithesis）.Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.

　　36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.

　　A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent

　　B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted

　　C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent

　　D.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive

　　37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.

　　A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent

　　B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent

　　C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent

　　D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue

　　38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe______________.