中科院博士英语模板.docx

1、中科院博士英语模板SAMPLE TESTTHE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESPAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of

2、 your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a _ symbol among university professors.A. post B. statusC. position D. place2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their ti

3、me and money in support of _ archaeological research.A. legible B. legitimateC. legislative D. illicit3. We seek a society that has at its _ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.A. end B. handC. core D. best4. A variety of problems have greatly _the countrys normal educational devel

4、opment.A. impeded B. impartedC. implored D. implemented5. A good education is an asset you can _for the rest of your life.A. spell out B. call uponC. fall over D. resort to6. Oil can change a society more _ than anyone could ever have imagined.A. grossly B. severelyC. rapidly D. drastically7. Beneat

5、h its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of _ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.A. elitism B. eloquenceC. eminence D. etiquette8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy wer

6、e _ in many parts of it.A. altered B. criticizedC. incorporated D. translated9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go _ waiting for him to come home.A. over B. withC. down D. through10. While a countrys economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more _ about their quali

7、ty of life.A. discriminating B. distributingC. disagreeing D. disclosing11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to _ them.A. find fault with B. make the most ofC. look down upon D. get even with12. The Ministers _ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressive B. eva

8、siveC. intensive D. exhaustive13. In proportion as the _ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.A. intolerance B. pessimismC. injustice D. antagonism14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher cant _ on

9、a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.A. count B. insistC. fall D. dwell15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their _ and ran into the elevator.A. hearts B. tempersC. heads D. senses16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simpl

10、y _ every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy of B. in lieu ofC. by courtesy of D. for the price of17. In fact the purchasing power of a single persons pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _ Singapore pension.A. equivalent B. similarC. consistent D. identical18. He beca

11、me aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk _.A. honestly B. graciouslyC. coherently D. flexibly19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.A. significance in B. imagination atC. resemblance to D. predomi

12、nance over20. She was artful and could always _ her parents in the end.A. shout down B. get roundC. comply with D. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark t

13、he corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an ext

14、ended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more gen

15、erous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources.It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more ser

16、ious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, w

17、ith no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation

18、or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burdenfor example, the use of solar energycan be utilized. (1996)21.

19、A. one B. it C. this D. there22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing27. A. possible B. poss

20、ibly C. probable D. probably28. A. in B. with C. as D. to29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace31. A. on B. up C. down D. out32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track35. A. if B. or C. while D.

21、 asPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the cho

22、ice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehe

23、nsible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event.A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a histor

24、ical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a

25、general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historians handling of the interrelated when vi

26、ewed in a broad historical perspective.The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common

27、base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base.As such, the synthesis become

28、s the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole wh

29、ich will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36. The author would mostly be concerned with _.A. finding the most important cause for a particular historical eventB. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC. imposing a pattern upon varying interpr

30、etations for the causes of a particular historical eventD. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be _.A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain

31、 an eventB. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the eventC. determining the common strands that make up a historical eventD. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be _.