第17课 七选五.docx

第17课 七选五.docx

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第17课七选五

第17课　七选五

一张图学透

四篇文讲透

1.考查主题概括句

复习大纲掌握空格处为主题概括句的解题方法。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2019·北京卷）

Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent？

（1）________Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.

解析：

空格后提到，他们把注意力放在了足球、篮球和棒球上，研究结果各异。

分析选项可知，C项“最近的几项研究调查了天才在体育界的作用”，选项中的“Severalrecentstudies”呼应空格处后一句中的“They”，而“thesportsworld”也呼应了后一句中的“football，basketballandbaseball”，故选C项。

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war（拔河比赛）,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.

A.It’snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers’attention.

C.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

2.考查衔接过渡句

复习大纲掌握空格处为衔接过渡句的解题方法。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2020·湖南长沙长郡中学模拟）

We’veallbeenthere,staringatablankscreen,throwingendlessdraftsinthetrashcan,pullingouthair,lookingthroughFacebookphotos,re-orderingmusiclibrariesandevenwipingthecomputerclean.Wedoanythingtopassthetimeandavoidadmittingthepainfullyobvious—we’vehitmentalblocks.Theyareusuallyasignthatwe’vetakenourfocusoffwhatwewantandplacedinfirmlyonwhatwedon’t.Sometimes,ourmentalblocksarestrongerthanusual,refusingtoleave.Thefollowingtipsaredesignedtohelpclearthemaway.

Hittheshower

Mentalblocksofanynatureareresultofonething:

notbeingfirmlyinthepresent.Takingashowerisasimpleandeffectivewaytobringyourattentionbacktothepresent.Besides,itallowsyoutorelax.Anditenablesyoutodevelopmorecreativeideastofigureoutyourproblems.

Changethechannelforawhile

Mentalblocksarisewhenyoufocusonwhatyoudon’twant,insteadofwhatyoudowant.Agreattrickforremovingthemistochangethechannelorinputforafewminutes.

（2）________Forexample,youcouldbewritingapieceforamagazineonlytobecontrolledbythehatefulblock.Now,stopwritingandselectavideotocatchyourattention.Twentyminuteslater,thenewyousitsbackfeelingtotallyinspired.

解析：

根据空格前的“Agreattrickforremovingthemistochangethechannelorinputforafewminutes.”可知，消除这些思维屏障的一个小窍门就是用几分钟时间转换一下你的思维频道，或者接触一下别的事物。

结合空格后“Forexample，youcouldbewritingapieceforamagazineonlytobecontrolledbythehatefulblock.Now，stopwritingandselectavideotocatchyourattention.”可知，比如说，假设你正在为一本杂志写一篇文章，但是却被这个讨人厌的屏障绊住了思维。

那现在就停下手里的工作，去挑选并看一个视频来让你重新集中自己的注意力。

由此可知，C项“有一种方法是做些与你正在处理的问题不相关的事情”符合句意逻辑，故选C项。

Stillstuck？

Askforhelp

Nooneistrulysuccessfulalone.Soturntoothersifyouarestillstuck.Byaskingforhelp,younotonlybenefitfromsomeoneelse’sobjectiveview,butyouarealsoabletooffersomeoneelsethechancetohelpworkoutaproblem.Makesurethatyouaskpreferablysomeonewhohassuccessfullydealtwithasimilarsituationbefore.

A.Findyourfocus.

B.Turningtoothersisagreatwaytofocusyourattention.

C.Onewayistodosomethingunrelatedtotheproblemyouareworkingon.

3.考查细节理解句

掌握空格处为细节理解句的解题方法。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2019·全国Ⅲ卷）

Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.Belowaresomecommondo’sanddon’tsforonlinelearners.WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic（逻辑）ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.

Do’s

·Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus（教学大纲）andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn’thidinginplainsight.

·Participateindiscussionforums（论坛）,blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.（3）________Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.

解析：

根据空格处的前一句建议网课学习者参与论坛讨论，通过博客及其他开放式平台进行交流。

A项“这就是它们存在的意义”中的they指代上文中提到的那些交流平台，表示它们存在的意义就是让网课学习者进行交流，符合语境，故选A项。

Don’ts

·Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.

·Don’topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.（4）________Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor’sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourcomments.

解析：

根据空格处前一句“Don’topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.”及下文中的“Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor’sprofessionalismorability...”可知，本段建议不要公开表达你对某位教授或某一堂课的不满情绪。

如果你真的怀疑某一教授的专业素质或能力，也要使用线上课程评价系统冷静地予以评价。

由此推知，D项“每个人都曾上过一次或几次不是那么让人满意的课”能衔接上下文，符合语境，故选D项。

A.That’swhattheyarefor.

B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.

C.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.

D.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.

4.考查结论句

复习大纲掌握空格处为结论句的解题方法。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为

多余选项。

（2020·河北衡水中学高考模拟）

Youcantakefishoilsupplementsoryoucaninvestinalanguageclass,puzzlebooks,orafewhoursofexerciseeveryweek.Therearecountlessmethodstoimproveyourmemory.Butthecheapestandeasiestwaytosharpenyourbrainisreading.

Whycansuchanordinaryactivityimproveyourbrain？

That’sbecausetheverynatureofreadingencouragesthebraintoworkharderandbetter.“Typically,whenyouread,youhavemoretimetothink,”saysMaryanneWolf,directoroftheUCLACenter,“Readinggivesyouauniquepausebuttonforcomprehensionandinsight.Byandlarge,withorallanguage—whenyouwatchafilmorlistentoatape—youdon’tpresspause.”

Andthebenefitsofreadingcontinuelongafteryou’veputdownthatgreatbook.AsmallstudyatEmoryUniversityfoundthatsomeofthosebenefitsremainedforfivedays.“Wecallthatashadowactivity,almostlikeamusclememory,”saysGregoryBerns,PhD,directoratEmory.

Whatifyouareapoor,orevenadyslexicreaderwhofeelsasifyou’llneverbeabletoreadenoughtogetthesebenefits?

Researchmayhelprelievetheseworries.ScientistsatCarnegieMellonUniversitystudiedchildren,agedeighttotenwhowerebelow-averagereaders.Onehundredhoursofremedial（补救的）readingclassessignificantlyimprovedthequalityoftheirbrains’whitematter—thetissuethatcarriessignalsbetweenareasofgraymatter,whereinformationisprocessed.Theresearcherscametotheconclusion:

（5）________

解析：

根据空格处所在位置和空格前的总结信号词conclusion可推知，此处所填的句子应概括本段的主要内容。

空格前的内容主要讲了一项针对低于阅读平均水平的孩子的研究，一百个小时的辅导阅读课可以显著提高大脑白质的质量，白质是在处理信息的灰质区域之间传递信号的组织，由此研究者得出了结论:

分析选项，B项“你大脑中得到锻炼的部分越多，记忆力就越好”符合语境，故选B项。

A.Thebrainsofthesechildrenhadbeguntorepairthemselves.

B.Themorepartsofyourbrainthatgetaworkout,thebetteritisforyourmemory.

C.It'scommonthatthelanguagepartofthebrainwouldgetaworkoutfromreading.

随堂普查练17

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

A

（2020·全国Ⅲ卷）

Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.

（1）________Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.

（2）________Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.

（3）________Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Therea