版高考一轮英语复习第48讲 六选四.docx

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版高考一轮英语复习第48讲六选四

考点48阅读理解六选四

【题型解读】

六选四是新启用的题型，文章篇幅较短,一般在350词左右，所给出的被选项要多于题目个数,该部分的正文一般都有很清楚的思路或者论据,考查对文章的理解掌控能力以及对文章的理解和大意的把握。

该题型的出现说明题目从传统的单项选择上转移到一个更深的层次上，即对句子和语篇的理解，在做这种题目时，应该注意以下四点:

1把握文章主题句和结尾句

2特别注意句句之间、段段之间的连接词

3答案模糊时，联系上下文，排除干扰项

4检查时，代入选项看是否通顺

【解题步骤】

1.先读题目要求的第一句,初步了解主题.

2.利用语法知识确定句子缺失成分

3.重点阅读空格前后的句子利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格.

4.认真阅读选项,并找出关键词与空格进行搭配.

【解题技巧】

在做六选四的时候，很重要的一点就是保持清晰的逻辑思路，根据思路按照一定的步骤，进行解题。

六选四考查的是学生对文章逻辑以及上下文内容的把握能力，在解题时可以这样思考：

首先理解6个选项的大意：

包括逻辑关系，以及可能与上下文有联系的关键词。

其次，分析空格上下句的大致内容，思考可能与各个选项存在逻辑上和内容上有联系的关键词。

最后，在经过match，缩小选项范围之后，将选项放入空格中，看上下文和选项内容是否在逻辑上和内容上保持一致。

人们讲话或写文章时，常常要把前后讲的或写的内容加以联系。

联系的方式有几类，它们为语言的应用提供粘合（cohesion）。

取得粘合最常用的方式是返指（referringback）已经提及的事项。

取得粘合的另一方式就是预指（referringforward）将要说及的事项。

文章中常见的指代方法：

返指方法一：

使用名词词组返指前文中的具体名词，避免重复，并从意思上进行具体解释。

返指方法二：

在名词（或名词词组）前使用the这一特指限定词，返指前文中提到的名词或词组。

返指方法三：

使用副词来指代前文中提到或讨论到的时间。

返指方法四：

用this；that和他们的复数形式these和those清楚地返指前文中提到的事物和事实；用such作为限定词或形容词返指刚刚提及的事物。

返指方法五：

所谈的行为或情况在前面已经提及时，可用so来替代。

返指方法六：

使用人称代词和物主代词。

在A－F备选句中一旦出现代词，就应该在前文中找到对应。

否则该句就不能成为答案。

【实例分析】

一句际关系的分析

1.并列关系（空格前后的句子基本属于同一主题,没有发生转折）

Example1

Allbankspayinterestonsavingsaccounts.____4____Banksalsopayinterestatdifferenttimes.____5____Suppose,forexample,thatonJanuary1,youdeposited$1,000inabankthatpaid41/2percentinterestsemiannually.ByJuly1,youwouldhaveearned$22.50interest.Thisinterestwouldautomaticallybecreditedtoyouraccount;andofyouleftitinthebank,alongwithyouroriginaldeposit,youwouldreceiveintereston$1,022.50forthenextsix-monthperiod.Thatis,yourinterestwouldbecompounded.

A.Butthemajorityofthempaysemiannually,thatis,everysixmonths.5

B.Theinterestratevariesfrombanktobank,butthegeneralrangeisfrom41/2to6percent.4

C.Thismeansthatpassbookcontainsanactualrecordofalltransactionsmadeandthatyouknowtheexactamountofsavingsyouhaveatanyonetime.

D.Oneoftheseischeckingaccounts.

E.Firstyouwouldbeaskedtofilloutasignaturecard.

F.Butmostbankspayinterestattheendofayear.

G.Oneofthemostimportantoftheseisregularpassbooksavings.

Example2

YoustateonFebruary13ththatNewMexicohas“fewnaturalresources”,____example____In1991NewMexicorankedfourthintheUnitedStatesinproductionofnaturalgas,seventhinoilandtenthinnon-fuelminerals____8____Non-fuelmineralscontributedabout$1billionandcoal$509million.

A.Thatithasabroadlybasedtaxstructureisanimportantpoint.

B.In1992itproducedmoreoilthanColoradoandKansascombined.

C.However,theextractivemineralindustryinNewMexicoisoneofthestate’sstrongesteconomicforces.

D.Duringfiscalyear1992NewMexicoraisedpermanentfundsworthabout$6.1billion.

E.Thecombinedvalueofoilandgasproductionwas$2.8billion.

F.Some16,000employeesworkintheextractiveindustriesandtheirwagesareamongthehighestofanymajorindustry.

G.The$39millionearnedbythesefundsin1991wasusedtofinanceeducationandotherpublicservices.

Example3

TheCash-freeSociety

____example____.Theftofcashwouldbecomeimpossible.Bankrobberiesandcash-registerrobberieswouldsimplyceasetooccur____（8）____.Pursesnatchingswouldbecomeathingofthepast.Urbanstreetswouldbecomesafer____（9）____.Securitycostsandinsurancerateswouldfall.Propertyvalueswouldrise.Neighborhoodswouldimprove.

A.Anationalelectronic-moneysystemwouldoperateasadebit-cardsystem.

B.Retailshopsinoncedangerousareascouldoperateinsafety.9

C.Asaresult,incometaxratescouldbeloweredorthenationaldebtreduced.

D.TheuseofcashhasdiminishedsubstantiallysinceWorldWarII.

E.Attacksonshopkeepers,taxidrivers,andcashierswouldallend.8

F.Theemergenceofelectronicfunds-transfertechnologymakesitpossibletochangethenature

ofmoneyandtodivorceitfromevil.

G.Almosteverypresent-daycashtransactioncanbeduplicatedelectronically.

2.总分关系（举例关系）

Example1

Amodernbankprovidesmanyservicesotherthancheckingaccounts.____1____

Ifyouwenttoabanktoopenasavingsaccount,youwouldgothroughalmostthesameproceduresfollowedinapplyingforacheckingaccount.

A.Butthemajorityofthempaysemiannually,thatis,everysixmonths.

B.Theinterestratevariesfrombanktobank,butthegeneralrangeisfrom41/2to6percent.

C.Thismeansthatpassbookcontainsanactualrecordofalltransactionsmadeandthatyou

knowtheexactamountofsavingsyouhaveatanyonetime.

D.Oneoftheseischeckingaccounts.

E.Firstyouwouldbeaskedtofilloutasignaturecard.

F.Butmostbankspayinterestattheendofayear.

G.Oneofthemostimportantoftheseisregularpassbooksavings.

Example2

Unfortunately,technologicaldevelopmentsinequipmentfordocumentmanagementseemmoreimpressivethantheyreallyare.（12）__Newtechnologicalsolutionsareneededtotackletheproblem,tohelpdrivebusinessesforwardtoimprovetheirproductivityandoutput.

A.Thesenewmethodsofhandlingpaperworkhavealreadygreatlyimprovedefficiency.

B.Thiswouldbeakeywayofimprovingwhitecollarproductivity.

C.Itwillhelpthemtomakebetteruseofallofficeemployees.

D.However,thisenormousinvestmenthasnotimprovedproductivityasexpected.

E.Laserprintershavemanylimitations,andphotocopiershavefewapplications.

F.Mosttechnologyhasconcentrateditsattentiononthefirsttwoofthesestages.

G.Thesefiguresarehardlysurprisingsincedocumentsconveynine-tenthsofallinformation.

3.转折关系:

空格前后的句子在含义上发生转折

Example1

ElectricityisasignificantsourceofexportincomeforCanada.____9____Butinthe1970s,CanadianexportsrosesharplytoaddresstheU.S.demandforcheaperandmorereliable.

A.Besides,electricityfromcoalandnuclearis50%to75%cheaperthanmanyotherindustrial

nations.

B.Generatedprimarilybywater,ourpowersupplieshaveattractedandsupportedenergyintensive

industriessuchasmining.

C.Italsoranksamongthetopthreeelectricityproducersintheworld,behindtheU.S.and

Russia.

D.Nexttoelectricity,Canadianpaperexportscameto900millionUSdollarseveryyearinthe

1960s.

E.Twolargenuclearpowerplantsbegantogenerateelectricity.

F.CanadaandtheU.S.importedandexportedpowerinalmostequalmeasuresafter1901.

G.Therefore,theCanadiangovernmenthaslittleinfluenceontheseforces.

Example2

Thepowerofpersonalcomputershasincreaseddramatically,andtheusesofsoftwarehaveexpandedtoo.Companiesbothlargeandsmallhavespentlargesumsofmoneyonimprovingofficecomputerfacilities.（8）________.Itseemsthatbusinesshasfailedtoapplythedevelopmentsintechnologytogreatereffect,toincreasetheamountoftimewhichofficeworkershaveavailablefornon-routinetasks.Todothis,weneedtounderstandhowinformationisprocessedinbusinessventures.

A.Thesenewmethodsofhandlingpaperworkhavealreadygreatlyimprovedefficiency.

B.Thiswouldbeakeywayofimprovingwhitecollarproductivity.

C.Itwillhelpthemtomakebetteruseofallofficeemployees.

D.However,thisenormousinvestmenthasnotimprovedproductivityasexpected.

E.Laserprintershavemanylimitations,andphotocopiershavefewapplications.

F.Mosttechnologyhasconcentrateditsattentiononthefirsttwoofthesestages.

G.Thesefiguresarehardlysurprisingsincedocumentsconveynine-tenthsofallinformation.

表示转折关系的词汇:

But/yet/however/unlike/ratherthan/nobut/onthecontrary/incontrastwith/conversely

4.因果关系:

如果空格前后出现表示因果关系的词或词组,空格与前后句子是因果关系

Example1

Supposeyouhadanassistantwhoscreenedandselectedonlythequalitybooksforyou.____（8）____.Soyoucouldobtainaworkingknowledgeofthebook’scontentsinafractionofthetime.NowyoucanhavethatassistantwithExecutiveBookSummaries.

A）Theseintroductorytextsarethemostimportantbooksandusingthemcanpaybigdividends.

B）Discoverpracticaltipsandtechniquesyoucanapplywithoutdelay.

C）Inordertoavoidthisproblem,weselectforyouonlythetrulyworthwhiletitlesandrejecttherest.

D）Accordingtostudiespublishedinpsychologyjournals,youretainthecontentofasummarybetterthanabook.

E）Heorshewouldtakethemostimportantideasfromeachone,andcompilethemintoaneatexecutivesummary.

One【虹口区】

SectionC

Directions:

Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Hence,anyconcernaboutwethairaretheoretical

B.Insomecases,wethairmayactuallybeahelpfulsleepaid

C.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine

D.Theremightbesomemildrisksassociatedwithgoingtobedwithwethair

E.Anotherwet-hairrumoristheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourhair

F.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold

What’sthetruth?

Let’saddressthe“itcanmakeyousick”mythfirst.“（67）________”saysDr.WilliamSchaffiner,aprofessorofmedicine.Whilethisideapersists,Schaffinersaysitwaslongagodisapproved.It’syouaremuchmorelikelytocatchacommoncoldduringthewintermonths.Butthishastodowiththewaysrespiratory（呼吸的）virusesspread,hesays.

（68）________illnesscausingbacteriaandvirusesdon’tappearnaturally,soyou’renotgoingtomakeyourselfsickbymakingyourpillowalittledampatnight,schaffinersays.Butthereisapossibleexception.Someresearchhasshownthatpillows------especiallythosemadeofsyntheticmater