学年《大学英语I》寒假作业.docx
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学年《大学英语I》寒假作业
2011-2012学年《大学英语I》寒假作业
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姓名:
学号:
PartIReadingComprehension
Passage1
Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriority(优先)itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?
Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto“playsafe”.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.
Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:
“Thisworkisterrible!
Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible(难以辨认).”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.
Notes:
1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout________.
A)thedifficultiesinteachingspelling
B)theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment
C)thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills
D)thenecessityofteachingspelling
2.Theexpression“playsafe”probablymeans________.
A)towritecarefullyB)todoasteacherssay
C)tousedictionariesfrequentlyD)toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof
3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat________.
A)studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely
B)teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes
C)studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting
D)studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers
4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher’sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis________.
A)reasonableB)unfairC)foolishD)careless
5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis________.
A)theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills
B)thecomplexitiesofspelling
C)thecorrectwayofmakingcompositions
D)therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition
Passage2
Abreakthrough(突破)intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)couldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifamodestincreasecouldbeprovidedintheEEC’sresearcheffortinthisfield,accordingtotheseniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEEC’sscientificlaboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.
TheseniorWestGermanscientistinchargeoftheCommunity’ssolarenergyprogram,Mr.JoachimGretz,toldjournaliststhatatpresentlevelsofresearchspendingitwasmostunlikelythatsolarenergywouldprovideasmuchasthreepercentoftheCommunity’senergyrequirementsevenaftertheyear2000.Buthesaidthatwithamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,devotedbytheEECtothisworkitwaspossiblethatthebreakthroughcouldbeachievedbytheendofthenextdecade.
Mr.GretzcalculatesthatifsolarenergyonlyprovidedthreepercentoftheEEC’sneeds,thiscouldstillproduceasavingofaboutabillionpoundsinthepresentbillforimportedenergyeachyear.AndhebelievesthatwiththepossibilityofutilizingmoreadvancedtechnologyinthisfielditmightbepossibletosatisfyamuchbiggershareoftheCommunity’sfutureenergyneeds.
AtpresenttheEECspendsabout$2.6millionsayearonsolarresearchatIspra,oneoftheEEC’sofficialjointresearchcenters,andanother$3millionsayearinindirectresearchwithuniversitiesandotherindependentbodies.
Notes:
1.Thephrase“bebroughtforward”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.
A)beexpectedB)becompletedC)beadvancedD)beintroduced
2.Somescientistsbelievethatabreakthroughintheuseofsolarenergydependson________.
A)sufficientfundingB)furtherexperiments
C)advancedtechnologyD)well-equippedlaboratories
3.AccordingtoMr.Gretz,thepresentsumofmoneywillenablethescientiststoprovide________.
A)morethan3%oftheEEC’sneedsaftertheyear2000
B)only3%oftheEEC’sneedsbeforetheyear2000
C)lessthan3%oftheEEC’sneedsbeforetheyear2000
D)3%oftheEEC’sneedsaftertheyear2000
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A)TheEECspendsonebillionpoundsonimportedenergyeachyear.
B)Atthepresentlevelofresearchspending,itisdifficulttomakeanysignificantprogressintheprovisionofenergyfromthesun.
C)Thedesiredbreakthroughcouldbeobtainedbytheendofthenextdecadeifinvestmentwereincreased.
D)ThetotalyearlyspendingoftheEEConsolarenergyresearchamountedtoalmost6million.
5.Theapplicationofadvancedtechnologytoresearchinsolarenergy________.
A)wouldleadtoabigincreaseinresearchfunding
B)wouldmakeitunnecessarytoimportoil
C)wouldmakeitpossibletomeetthefutureenergyneedsoftheEEC
D)wouldprovideamuchgreaterproportionoftheCommunity’sfutureenergyneeds
Passage3
Justsevenyearsago,theJarvik-7artificialheartwasbeingcheeredasthemodelofhumancreativeness.ThesightofBarneyClark-aliveandconsciousaftertradinghisdiseasedheartforametal-and-plasticpump-convincedthepress,thepublicandmany
Notes:
doctorsthatthefuturehadarrived.Ithadn’t.AftermonitoringproductionoftheJarvik-7,andreviewingitseffectsonthe150orsopatients(mostofwhomgotthedeviceasatemporarymeasure)theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationconcludedthatthemachinewasdoingmoretoendangerlivesthantosavethem.Lastweektheagencycancelleditsearlierapproval,effectivelybanning(禁止)thedevice.
TherecallmayhurtSymbionInc.,makeroftheJarvik-7,butitwon’tendtherequestforanartificialheart.Oneproblemwiththebannedmodeisthatthetubesconnectingittoanexternalpowersourcecreatedapassageforinfection.Inventorsarenowworkingonnewdevicesthatwouldbefullyplaced,alongwithatinypowerpack,inthepatient’schest.Thefirstsampleproductsaren’texpectedforanother10or20years.Butsomepeoplearealreadyworryingthatthey’llwork—andthatAmerica’soverextendedhealth—careprogramswillloseaprecious$2.5billionto$5billionayearprovidingthemforarelativelyfewdyingpatients.Ifsuchexpenditures(开支)cutintofundingformorebasiccare,theneteffectcouldactuallybeadeclineinthenation’shealth.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theJarvik-7artificialheartprovedtobe________.
A)atechnicalfailureB)atechnicalwonder
C)agoodlife-saverD)aneffectivemeanstotreatheartdisease
2.FromthepassageweknowthatSymbionInc.________.
A)hasbeenbannedbythegovernmentfromproducingartificialhearts
B)willreviewtheeffectsofartificialheartsbeforedesigningnewmodels
C)maycontinuetoworkonnewmodelsofreliableartificialhearts
D)canmakenewmodelsofartificialheartsavailableonthemarketin10to20years
3.Thenewmodelsofartificialheartsareexpected________.
A)tohaveaworkinglifeof10or20yearsB)tobesetfullyinthepatient’schest
C)tobeequippedwithanexternalpowersourceD)tocreateanewpassageforinfection
4.Theword“them”inLine7,Para.2refersto________.
A)doctorswhotreatheartdiseasesB)makersofartificialhearts
C)America’shealth-careprogramsD)newmodelsofartificialhearts
5.Somepeoplefeelthat________.
A)artificialheartsareseldomeffective
B)thecountryshouldnotspendsomuchmoneyonartificialhearts
C)thecountryisnotspendingenoughmoneyonartificialhearts
D)America’shealth-careprogramsarenotdoingenoughforthenation’shealth
Passage4
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversywhetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversity
inWashingtonD.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingoddamongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturecode,eachmovementofthehands
Notes:
representingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthehandtalkhisstudentsusedlookedricher.HewonderedmightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguageandcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth.Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningassubstandard.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowde