学年《大学英语I》寒假作业.docx

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学年《大学英语I》寒假作业.docx

学年《大学英语I》寒假作业

2011-2012学年《大学英语I》寒假作业

班级:

姓名:

学号:

PartIReadingComprehension

Passage1

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriority(优先)itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?

Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto“playsafe”.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:

“Thisworkisterrible!

Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible(难以辨认).”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.

Notes:

 

1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout________.

A)thedifficultiesinteachingspelling

B)theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment

C)thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills

D)thenecessityofteachingspelling

2.Theexpression“playsafe”probablymeans________.

A)towritecarefullyB)todoasteacherssay

C)tousedictionariesfrequentlyD)toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof

3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat________.

A)studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely

B)teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes

C)studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting

D)studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers

4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher’sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis________.

A)reasonableB)unfairC)foolishD)careless

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis________.

A)theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills

B)thecomplexitiesofspelling

C)thecorrectwayofmakingcompositions

D)therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition

Passage2

Abreakthrough(突破)intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)couldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifamodestincreasecouldbeprovidedintheEEC’sresearcheffortinthisfield,accordingtotheseniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEEC’sscientificlaboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.

TheseniorWestGermanscientistinchargeoftheCommunity’ssolarenergyprogram,Mr.JoachimGretz,toldjournaliststhatatpresentlevelsofresearchspendingitwasmostunlikelythatsolarenergywouldprovideasmuchasthreepercentoftheCommunity’senergyrequirementsevenaftertheyear2000.Buthesaidthatwithamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,devotedbytheEECtothisworkitwaspossiblethatthebreakthroughcouldbeachievedbytheendofthenextdecade.

Mr.GretzcalculatesthatifsolarenergyonlyprovidedthreepercentoftheEEC’sneeds,thiscouldstillproduceasavingofaboutabillionpoundsinthepresentbillforimportedenergyeachyear.AndhebelievesthatwiththepossibilityofutilizingmoreadvancedtechnologyinthisfielditmightbepossibletosatisfyamuchbiggershareoftheCommunity’sfutureenergyneeds.

AtpresenttheEECspendsabout$2.6millionsayearonsolarresearchatIspra,oneoftheEEC’sofficialjointresearchcenters,andanother$3millionsayearinindirectresearchwithuniversitiesandotherindependentbodies.

Notes:

 

1.Thephrase“bebroughtforward”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.

A)beexpectedB)becompletedC)beadvancedD)beintroduced

2.Somescientistsbelievethatabreakthroughintheuseofsolarenergydependson________.

A)sufficientfundingB)furtherexperiments

C)advancedtechnologyD)well-equippedlaboratories

3.AccordingtoMr.Gretz,thepresentsumofmoneywillenablethescientiststoprovide________.

A)morethan3%oftheEEC’sneedsaftertheyear2000

B)only3%oftheEEC’sneedsbeforetheyear2000

C)lessthan3%oftheEEC’sneedsbeforetheyear2000

D)3%oftheEEC’sneedsaftertheyear2000

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A)TheEECspendsonebillionpoundsonimportedenergyeachyear.

B)Atthepresentlevelofresearchspending,itisdifficulttomakeanysignificantprogressintheprovisionofenergyfromthesun.

C)Thedesiredbreakthroughcouldbeobtainedbytheendofthenextdecadeifinvestmentwereincreased.

D)ThetotalyearlyspendingoftheEEConsolarenergyresearchamountedtoalmost6million.

5.Theapplicationofadvancedtechnologytoresearchinsolarenergy________.

A)wouldleadtoabigincreaseinresearchfunding

B)wouldmakeitunnecessarytoimportoil

C)wouldmakeitpossibletomeetthefutureenergyneedsoftheEEC

D)wouldprovideamuchgreaterproportionoftheCommunity’sfutureenergyneeds

Passage3

Justsevenyearsago,theJarvik-7artificialheartwasbeingcheeredasthemodelofhumancreativeness.ThesightofBarneyClark-aliveandconsciousaftertradinghisdiseasedheartforametal-and-plasticpump-convincedthepress,thepublicandmany

Notes:

 

doctorsthatthefuturehadarrived.Ithadn’t.AftermonitoringproductionoftheJarvik-7,andreviewingitseffectsonthe150orsopatients(mostofwhomgotthedeviceasatemporarymeasure)theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationconcludedthatthemachinewasdoingmoretoendangerlivesthantosavethem.Lastweektheagencycancelleditsearlierapproval,effectivelybanning(禁止)thedevice.

TherecallmayhurtSymbionInc.,makeroftheJarvik-7,butitwon’tendtherequestforanartificialheart.Oneproblemwiththebannedmodeisthatthetubesconnectingittoanexternalpowersourcecreatedapassageforinfection.Inventorsarenowworkingonnewdevicesthatwouldbefullyplaced,alongwithatinypowerpack,inthepatient’schest.Thefirstsampleproductsaren’texpectedforanother10or20years.Butsomepeoplearealreadyworryingthatthey’llwork—andthatAmerica’soverextendedhealth—careprogramswillloseaprecious$2.5billionto$5billionayearprovidingthemforarelativelyfewdyingpatients.Ifsuchexpenditures(开支)cutintofundingformorebasiccare,theneteffectcouldactuallybeadeclineinthenation’shealth.

 

1.Accordingtothepassage,theJarvik-7artificialheartprovedtobe________.

A)atechnicalfailureB)atechnicalwonder

C)agoodlife-saverD)aneffectivemeanstotreatheartdisease

2.FromthepassageweknowthatSymbionInc.________.

A)hasbeenbannedbythegovernmentfromproducingartificialhearts

B)willreviewtheeffectsofartificialheartsbeforedesigningnewmodels

C)maycontinuetoworkonnewmodelsofreliableartificialhearts

D)canmakenewmodelsofartificialheartsavailableonthemarketin10to20years

3.Thenewmodelsofartificialheartsareexpected________.

A)tohaveaworkinglifeof10or20yearsB)tobesetfullyinthepatient’schest

C)tobeequippedwithanexternalpowersourceD)tocreateanewpassageforinfection

4.Theword“them”inLine7,Para.2refersto________.

A)doctorswhotreatheartdiseasesB)makersofartificialhearts

C)America’shealth-careprogramsD)newmodelsofartificialhearts

5.Somepeoplefeelthat________.

A)artificialheartsareseldomeffective

B)thecountryshouldnotspendsomuchmoneyonartificialhearts

C)thecountryisnotspendingenoughmoneyonartificialhearts

D)America’shealth-careprogramsarenotdoingenoughforthenation’shealth

Passage4

Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversywhetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversity

inWashingtonD.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingoddamongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturecode,eachmovementofthehands

Notes:

 

representingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthehandtalkhisstudentsusedlookedricher.HewonderedmightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguageandcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth.Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningassubstandard.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).

Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowde

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