初中英语定语从句讲解练习与答案.docx

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初中英语定语从句讲解练习与答案.docx

初中英语定语从句讲解练习与答案

初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案

定语从句

一、初中英语重点词汇

1.many/much/afew/alittle/few/little

(1)many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词;都表示许多。

例如:

Hehasmanybooks.他有许多书。

Hedrankmuchmilk.他喝了许多牛奶。

(2)afew和alittle都表示"有一点儿",侧重于肯定,相当于"some",但afew修饰可数名词,

alittle修饰不可数名词,例如:

HehasafewfriendsinLondon.他在伦敦有一些朋友。

Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?

Yes,justalittle.喝点咖啡好吗,好的,只要一点。

(3)few和little表示"几乎没有",侧重否定。

few后接可数名词,little后接不可数名词。

例如:

Heisastrangeman.Hehasfewwords.他是个怪人,他几乎不说什么话。

Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.赶快,没什么时间了。

2.seem/look

(1)seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。

Thebabyseemstobehappy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。

Heseemedtobesorryforthat.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。

seem能与todo结构连用,而look不能。

Itseemstorain.似乎要下雨了。

Theyseemedtohavefinishedtheirwork.他们似乎已经完成了工作。

在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。

Itseemsthatheisquitebusynow.他现在看起来很忙。

Itseemstousthatthereisnothingserious.在我看来没什么大不了的。

(2)look用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。

Theroomlooksclean.这间房看起来很干净。

Thegirllookslikehermother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。

二、语法定语从句

(一)、定义:

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘„„的’表示。

主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如:

1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:

1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

1

(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句

指人,在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

注:

that用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

(b)介词后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。

(b)在不定代词,如:

anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。

.

(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。

(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时(

(g)为了避免重复(

(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略

2

(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时

举例:

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗,

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished(

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚(

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

(三)、关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词关系副词:

在句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

1.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

2.when引导定语从句表示时间。

在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.

到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。

3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意:

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

注:

1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同

关系副词when,where和why互换。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

3

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

三、练习

练习一

(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。

1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.

3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.

4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.

5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.

6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.

7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.

8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.

9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.

10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.

(二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.

2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.

4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.

6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?

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10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.

练习二

一、单项填空

1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

---Oh!

It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom

4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.

A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvy

him.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

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18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.

A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom

19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.

A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever

21.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverand

qualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.

A.theyB.itC.oneD.which

23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?

A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where

24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone

25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?

---Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who

26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that

27.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?

---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.

A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which

28.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.

A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

29.Doyouknowaboy______sisterisanurseinahospital?

A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose

30.Isthereashopnearhere______wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where

二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1.Theboys________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2.Those______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.

3.MrLiuistheperson____

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