学年高中英语专题Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero3GrammarWriting试题新人教版必修1.docx
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学年高中英语专题Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero3GrammarWriting试题新人教版必修1
Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero
Grammar:
定语从句(II)——关系副词
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语时,应使用关系副词when,where,why或"介词+which"。
1.关系副词when指时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如time,day,hour等。
☛Irememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ifirstmether.我记得第一次遇见她的那天。
(2016·天津)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when
【答案】D
【易错提醒】
当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。
若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用when引导;若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。
如:
☛Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?
(when在从句中作状语)
☛Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?
(that或which作spent的宾语)
2.关系副词where指地点,代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词,如place,factory,house,village等。
☛Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。
Experimentswithdomesticdogs,oneanimalwasgivenatreatandanotherdenied,haveshownthattheypossessasenseoffairnessastheysharedtheirtreats.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which
【答案】B
【易错提醒】
1.当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。
如:
☛Thisisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。
(定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用which/that,而不用where)
2.当position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where来引导。
如:
☛It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3.关系副词why指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason。
☛Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedourhelp?
这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?
DoyouknowthereasonMaryiscrying?
A.whenB.whereC.whyD.that
【答案】C
【解析】句意:
你知道玛丽哭的原因吗?
thereasonwhy...是一个固定句型,why在此引导原因状语从句,并在从句中作原因状语,故选C。
【易错提醒】
若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语,而是充当主语或宾语,则用that或which来引导定语从句。
如:
☛Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。
(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以要用which/that,而不用why)
4.关系代词和关系副词的选择
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下方法判断:
用法
依据
根据从句的谓语动词
若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词,则用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中作的成分
把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;若作状语则用关系副词
☛Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。
(work是不及物动词)
☛Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。
(visit是及物动词)
Thelatesttrendisthe"A4waistchallenge"womentakephotoswithanA4-sizedpaperplacedinfrontoftheirmidriffs(上腹部).
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
【答案】B
5."介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
在"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whom,不能用that。
先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。
☛ThisisthebookonwhichIspent5yuan.这就是那本我花了五元钱的书。
☛Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInternet,crashedyesterday.昨天我的电脑瘫痪了,没有它我不能网上冲浪。
Manyyoungpeople,mostwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.
A.ofwhichB.ofthemC.ofwhomD.ofthose
【答案】C
【解析】定语从句的先行词是youngpeople,表示他们中的大多数应该使用mostofwhom。
因为先行词指人,不能选择ofwhich。
I.用where,when,why,that,which,whether或whom填空
1.Doyourememberthescene________CaoCaoandLiuBeiweredrinking?
2.Hedidn’tknow________togoonorstop.
3.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
4.Iwillneverforgetthedays________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatvillage.
5.Noneofusknowthereason________Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.
6.Thereason________________heexplainedatthemeetingforhisabsencedidn’tmakesense.
7.Istillrememberthenight________sheleftthehouse.
8.However,thiswasatimeonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.
9.Todaywehavereachedastagewehavealmostnorightsatall.
10.Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
11.DoyouknowthereasonJohnissoangry?
II.完成句子
1.请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。
Pleasetellme____________________________________.
2.她12点到达,那时正在下大雨。
Shearrivedat12o’clock________________________________.
3.他现在就读的那所学校大约离城三公里。
Theschool________________________________isabout________________________fromthetown.
4.那就是他旷课的原因吗?
________________________________hewasabsentfromclass?
5.我有许多朋友,其中有些出国了。
Ihavemanyfriends,_________________________________.
III.单项填空
1.Thisisthehotellastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
2.DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
3.Theboywhowasrefusedbythegirltowhomhedidn’t.
A.losthisheart;loseheartB.loseheart;losehisheart
C.loseheart;loseheartD.losthisheart;losehisheart
4.Wewereputintoapositionwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,fightthegovernment.
A.when;orB.when;nor
C.inwhich;orD.inwhich;nor
5.MissLifoundherselfinanembarrassingpositionshedidn’tknowwhichsidesheshouldsupport.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when
6.—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly$15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
7.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
8.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
9.Thisisthereasonhedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhich
C.thatD.forwhich
I.七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Obstacles(绊脚石)thatlieonthewaytosuccess
1.Laziness
Evenwithagreatideaandthecouragetopursueit,youreffortswillbefornaughtunlessyou’rewillingtotakemassiveaction.1Writedownyourgoalsandtheactionstepsyou’lltaketopursuethosegoals.Postyourvisionandplaninyourbedroom,bathroom,office.Shareitwithothers,sothey’llholdyouaccountablefordeliveringonyourplan.
2.Complacency(自满)
Withoutpassion,eventhemostcompellingvisionwillnotberealized.2Makeyourpassionintoanalmostphysicalcharacteristicofyourpersonality,aninexorable(不可阻挡的)forcethatkeepsyouengagedeverymomentofeveryworkday,bringingyouonestepclosertothemeasureofsuccessthatyoudesire.
3.Distraction
Themodernworldcallsforyourattentioninever-louderways.3Ittakesself-disciplinetopersevereamidst(在……当中)thenoiseandhaste,toassertyourwillpowerovercasualdesiresandinstincts.Channelyouremotions,behaviors,anddesirestowardobtainingtherewardofsuccess.Remember:
Livingalifeofself-disciplineislesspainfulinthelongrunthanregretting"whatmighthavebeen".
4.Doubt
Onceyou’vemadeadecision,doubtisawormthateatsyourabilitytosucceed.Lifeandworkcanbehardandevencruel.Remember,theraceisnotfortheswiftbutratherthosewhopersevere.4Youoweittoyourselftoremainconfidentinyourvisionandyourplan.
5.Dishonesty
Asyoubegintobesuccessful,you’llbetemptedtolie,exaggerate(夸大),andcheatinordertomoveyourthingforward.However,takingtheeasywayofdishonestyhasatendencytosneakbackuponyou.5Truesuccesscomeswhenyouareapersonofyourword,whenyouhaveapureconscience(良心),andwhenyouhavenotcheatedothersonyourwaytothetop.
A.Youshouldfocusonwhatyouaredoing.
B.Don’tallowdoubttoinfluenceyourprocess.
C.Everypathtosuccessbeginswithagreatidea.
D.Diligencecanmakeupforlackofintelligence.
E.Itcausesfarmoreproblemsthantellingthetruthintheend.
F.Withoutpassion,yourenergyandenthusiasmwilldisappear.
G.Ifyoucan’texperiencegratitudeyoumighthavestayedexactlywhereyoustarted.
II.书面表达
某英文报纸正在举办以"MyHero"为题的征文活动。
请根据下列信息介绍你心目中的英雄平亚丽,并且说明理由。
词数120左右。
姓名
平亚丽
1962年
出生在北京,先天失明
12岁
对体育感兴趣,训练刻苦
1984年
在第三届残奥会上获得跳远金牌,是我国残奥会第一块金牌获得者
1988~1997年
在工厂工作;下岗
2001年
在自己家里办起了按摩诊所,服务热情,受到欢迎
2008年
当选为北京残奥会火炬手
参考词汇:
残奥会ParalympicGames
按摩诊所massageclinic
火炬手torchcarrier
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.(2015·北京)OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.
A.whichB.that
C.whenD.where
2.(2015·浙江)Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.
A.asB.whose
C.inwhichD.atwhich
3.(2015·天津)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who
4.(2015·陕西)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.
A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when
5.(2014·江西)Itwasthemiddleofthenightmyfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.when
6.(2014·福建)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.
A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where
7.(2014·江苏)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatworkagoodimpressionisamust.
A.whichB.whenC.asD.where
8.(2014·湖南)Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.
A.asB.whyC.wh