英语基础语法.doc

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英语基础语法.doc

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英语基础语法.doc

英语主干

1.词汇

2.时态(主动语态+被动语态)

动作

时间

一般

进行

完成

完成进行

现在

一般现在时

sb.do/does

sth.bedone

现在进行时

bedoing

bebeingdone

现在完成时

have/hasdone

have/hasbeendone

现在完成进行时

have/hasbeendoing

过去

一般过去时

sb.did

sth.was/weredone

过去进行时

was/weredoing

was/werebeingdone

过去完成时

haddone

hadbeendone

将来

一般将来时

sb.willdo

sth.willbedone

将来进行时

willbedoing

willbebeingdone

将来完成时

willhavedone

willhavebeendone

过去

将来

一般过去将来

sb.woulddo

sth.wouldbedone

过去将来进行时

wouldbedoing

wouldbebeingdone

过去将来完成时

wouldhavedone

wouldhavebeendone

3.从句

1)主语从句2)宾语从句

3)表语从句4)定语从句

5)状语从句6)同位语从句

4.其他句型:

包括强调句、倒装句、not...unitl句型、虚拟语气、英语四大规则等。

主语从句

I.主语从句:

主语是个句子,或者说从句在句中充当主语.

1.当主语是陈述句时,连接词是that即:

that(不省略)+该陈述句

Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.(Wewillbelate.)

2.)Thathedidnotcomeyesterdayisapity.(Hedidnotcomeyesterday.)

(注意)主语从句的that一定不能省略,而宾语从句中的that可以省略。

Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.(主语从句,that不能省略)

2.)Ihope(that)wewillwinthegame.(宾语从句,that可以省略)

2.当主语是一般疑问句时,连接词是whether(ornot)

即:

whether(ornot)+该一般疑问句的陈述语序

(注意)“if”不能引导主语从句,这要与宾语从句进行区分。

Eg.1.)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.(Willhegothere?

2.)Whethertheycanfinishthejob(ornot)isnotclear.

(Cantheyfinishthejob?

3.当主语是特殊疑问句时,连接词是特殊疑问词“8W+H”

即:

特殊疑问词“8W+H”+该特殊疑问句的陈述语序

(注:

8W指的是what/where/which/who/whom/why/whose/when,H指的是how)

Eg.1.)Whathedidyesterdayisnotknown.(Whatdidhedoyesterday?

2.)Wherehewentyesterdayisnotclear.(Wheredidhegoyesterday?

3.)Whichteamhelikedhasnotbeendecided.(Whichteamdidhelike?

4.)Whowonthegameseemscertain.(Whowonthegame?

5.)Whomhemetyesterdayisnotclear.(Whomdidhemeetyesterday?

6.)Whyhewaslateforthemeetingistobefoundout.

(Whywashelateforthemeeting?

7.)Whosebookthisisisnotclear.(Whosebookisthis?

8.)Whenhewillarriveisnotknown.(Whenwillhearrive?

9.)Howwewillhelpthelostboywillbediscussedatthemeeting.

(Howwillwehelpthelostboy?

II.(注意一)主语从句后置!

为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.

Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.

--It’scertainthatwewillbelate.

2.)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.

--Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.

3.)Wherehewentyesterdayisnotclear.

--Itisnotclearwherehewentyesterday.

●It作形式主语常用句型:

(that引导的主语从句是真正的主语)

Itispossible/important/necessary/clearthat...

It’ssaid/reportedthat..据说/据报道…

It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布…

Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧..

It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…

(注意二)主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数。

What引导的主语从句,谓语动词根据表语决定

Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.

Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.

(注意三)What与that引导主语从句的区别

Eg.

(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(Whatdidyousayyesterday?

(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.(Sheisstillalive.)

练习题

1.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How

2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere

3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.

A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.It

4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.

A.waterisB.thatwateris

C.iswaterD.thatwaterto

宾语从句

I.宾语从句:

宾语是个句子,或者说从句在句中充当宾语.

1.当宾语是陈述句时,连接词是that即:

that(可省略)+该陈述句

Eg.1.)Ihope(that)hewillcometomorrow.(Hewillcometomorrow.)

2.)Heguesses(that)thisteamwillwin.(Thisteamwillwin.)

(注意)主语从句的that一定不能省略,而宾语从句中的that可以省略。

Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.(主语从句,that不能省略)

2.)Ibelieve(that)wewillwinthegame.(宾语从句,that可以省略)

2.当宾语是一般疑问句时,连接词是whether(ornot)/if

即:

whether(ornot)/if+该一般疑问句的陈述语序

Eg.1.)Iaskwhether/ifTomknowsJack.(DoesTomknowJack?

2.)Idon’tknowwhether/ifhecamebackyesterday.(Didhecomebackyesterday?

3.当宾语是特殊疑问句时,连接词是特殊疑问词“8W+H”

即:

特殊疑问词“8W+H”+该特殊疑问句的陈述语序

(注:

8W--what/where/which/who/whom/why/whose/when,H--how)

Eg.1.)Idon’tknowwhathedidyesterday.(Whatdidhedoyesterday?

2.)Hewantstoknowwherehewentyesterday.(Wheredidhegoyesterday?

3.)Hedidn’ttellmewhichteamheliked.(Whichteamdidhelike?

4.)Wewanttoknowwhowonthegameatlast.(Whowonthegame?

5.)Hismomaskedwhomhemetyesterday.(Whomdidhemeetyesterday?

6.)Hedidn’tfindoutwhyhewaslateforthemeeting.

(Whywashelateforthemeeting?

7.)Iamnotsurewhosebookthisis.(Whosebookisthis?

8.)Theyaskmewhenhewillarrive.(Whenwillhearrive?

9)Wehavediscusse

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