基坑支护外文文献.docx

基坑支护外文文献.docx

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基坑支护外文文献

中文3700字

Soilnailwall,alsoknownassoilnailingtechnology，whichisinstalledinsitusoilwitharelativelydensesoilnails,andsoilslopesurfaceofsprayedconcretetobuildasteelmeshsurfacelayer，throughthesoilnails，thesurfacelayerandin—situsoiltheroleofthethreecommonslopeorretainingwallside。

Soilnailwallsbutalsoposesasimilargravityinsitureinforcedearthretainingstructures.Andsupportingavarietyofmethodshavebeencompared，ithastheconstructioneasy，simpleequipment，requirelittlespace,excavationandsupportingjobscanbeparallel,theoverallprogressofthefast，lowcost，aswellaspollution,lownoise，stableandreliable,socialandeconomicgood,andmanyotheradvantages，andthereforeathomeandabroadwiththefoundationpitslopereinforcementhasbeenwidelyappliedrapidly.

        Soilnailwallconstructiontechnologyisatop—downstepbystepbuildprocess,accordingtothefollowingorder:

Accordingtodesignrequirementsforexcavationface,trimmedslope，plantedsprayedconcretethicknesscontrolsigns；jetfirstlayerofconcrete；erectionofdrillingsoilnails，grouting,erectionofconnectors；bandingsteelnet,sprayasecondlayerofconcrete；settopofthehill,slopeandthefootoftheslopeofthedrainagesystem.

        Soil-nailedlaw-enforcement:

keepasmuchaspossible,significantlyhighermaximumuseofpitwallsideofinherentmechanicalstrengthofsoil，changingsoilstructureandsystemloadaspartofthebracing。

Sprayedconcreteundertheeffectofhighpressuregasflow，whereinhigh-speedsoilsurfacelayerandthesoilinthespraycreatedbetween'embeddedsolid—effect',andgraduallyformacompletelyclosedwiththeexcavationshoringsystems,spraylayerandmountedwithaprotectivelayerofandreinforcementoftopsoil，sothattoavoidexposuretowindandrainerosion,shallowcollapse,localspalling,aswellastheroleofimpermeableimpermeable.Soilnailingaspecialcontrolpressuregroutingcanbereinforcedmediumgreatlyimprovedphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesmakeitbecomeanewgeologicalbody，itssolid—solidintheslipplanethedeepsectionofthesoiloutsidethehouse,itsexternalfixedterminalSpraythesurfacelayerinconjunctionwiththenetworkasawholemaybeatendencytoinstabilityinthesidewalltransferredtothesolid-sectionanditsvicinityandtoeliminate。

ReinforcedMeshsprayedlayercanhaveabetterintegrityandflexibility,caneffectivelyadjustthespraylayerandthestressdistributionwithinthesoilnail。

Activesoilnailretainingsoilandwithsoiltogetherwithconstructionofsimple,rapidandtimely，flexibleapplicability，withthediggingwithsticks，safeandeconomiccharacteristics。

Itsdurationisgenerallypoorerthanthetraditionalmethodtosavemorethan30—60d,engineering，lowcostand10％—30%，supportingthemaximumverticalpitdepthhasnowreached21.5m,builtmud（localmiscellaneousfill）pitdepthof10m。

Thismethodnotonlyeffectivelybeusedforgeneralgeotechnicaldeepexcavationshoring，oftenalsousedanumberofotherancillarysupportmeasures，caneffectivelybeusedforsupportingstreamingsand，silt,complexfilling,saturatedsoil，softsoil,etc.adversegeologicalconditionsofthedeepexcavation。

Inaddition，itisalsorapid,reliableandeconomicalmethodofusingthetraditionalmethodorimprovedfacilitiestobemadeorhavebeencarriedoutrescueexcavationinstabilityreinforcement。

        Ofsoilnailingandreinforcedsoilandanchoritseemssuchasretainingstructures,however,thestructureofsoilnailingandreinforcedearthconstruction,etc.Therearemanydifferentpoints,andanchor.

        Firstofall，soilnailingandreinforcedsoilslopeorretainingwallisnotthesame，mainlyreflectedin:

theconstructionindifferentways。

Soil—nailedconstructionofthedistributionofexpansionfromtoptobottom,sideexcavationwhileretainingfulluseofundisturbedsoilstrength。

Reinforcedearthstructurefrombottomtotopfillinglayeredconstruction，fillingchoice，densityandintensitycanbecontrolled；reinforcedpullthebiggestchangesinbodypatternisdifferent.Inthereinforcedearthstructure，thegeneralbodyatthebottomofthetendonforcemaximum。

Inthestructureofsoilnailing，thegeneralrangeofthecentralpartofthelargestforceofsoilnail,theupperandbottomofthesoilnailforcesmall;differentdeformationproperties.SoilNailingthemaximumdisplacementoccurredinthesupportingslopeatthetopornearthetop，reinforcedearthstructure,themaximumdisplacementatthebottom.

        Secondly,soilnailingandboltingorretainingwallisnotthesame,mainlydueto：

thevariouspartsoftheforceandthesamerole。

Boltingorretainingwalloftheanchorgenerallyanchoragesectionandfreeabove，theuseofslidingsurfacetoprovideresistanceoutsidetheanchoragesection,settheanchorgenerallyprestressed,thefreesectionunderuniformtensioneffect，throughtheanchorseatpassedtotheslopeoftheretainingstructures，earthretainingstructuresgreaterstiffness，mainlythroughtheprovisionofresistancebythemoment，isoneofthemainforcecomponents。

Soilnailingsettingsgenerallydonotimposepre—tension,butoccursinthesoilafterasmalldeformationofthepassiveforce，thesizeoftheforcealongtheunevendistributionofsoilnailextension，themiddleonbothsidesofthesmall，theroleoftheforceatthesurfacelayerthanthesmall,sprayedconcretesurfacelayerisnotamajorforcecomponents,itsroleistostabilizethesurfaceofthepartialexcavationofsoiltopreventcavinganderosion;settingdifferentdensities。

Intheboltsupportintheunitareaontheretainingboltsetthenumberofgenerallyless，foreachrootanchorconstructionaccuracyandrequirementsareverystringent。

Inthesoil-nailing,thesurfaceofsoilnailretainingalittlebitmoredensearrangementofindividualsoilnailconstructionrelativelylowaccuracyandqualityrequirements；designofdifferentlengths。

Intheboltsupport,thedesignrequirementsmustmeettherequirementsofeachrootanchorofresistance,soboltanchoragesectionrequirein-depthintothestablelayer,thedesignofalongerlength。

Insoilnailing,themoredensearrangementofsoilnail，thelargenumberofinteractionwiththesurroundingsoil,tomaintainself-reinforcedzoneofsoilstability,andresistancetooutsidetheregionreinforcedtheroleofsoilpressure，designshorterlength。

Ofcourse,therearemanytypesofbolts，therearenotpre—stressed,thelengththantheaveragesoil—nailevenshorter，butthisboltismainlyusedforthetunnelorundergroundworksofthespray-anchoronthelengththantheaveragesoil-nailisalsoisshorter，oftenonly2-4m.

（1）ConstructionofSoilNail           

Soilnailingisasoil—nailasamajorcomponentoftheslopeoftheforcesupportingtechnology，whichconsistsofdensesoilnailgroup，hasbeenreinforcedinsitusoil,sprayedconcretesurfacelayerandthenecessarywatersystemcomponents.

（2）StructuralMaterials

        Steel：

steeltypes,modelsandsizesshouldbeconsistentwithdesignrequirements,shouldadopttheH—orH—classsteelworkers,reinforcedafterthepurchaseshouldbeproperlysafeguardedtopreventcorrosion,productionshouldbetransferredstraight，rust,oilremoval，shouldbecarriedoutphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesorchemicalcompositionanalysisoftestweldingofsteel，shouldbeweldabilityandweldingqualityofthetestfordetectionofweldingmaterialstrengthshouldbegreaterthantheoverallstrength；

        Cement:

ordinaryportlandcementused,labelP032.5,ifnecessary,sulfuricacidresistantcement,aluminacementshouldnotbeused.Cementshouldcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheexistingcementstandardrequirements,theremustbeasinglefactorytestreports,qualityinspectionorders,factorycarddocuments，inaccordancewithitsvarieties，label,testnumbersetc。

，andinspectionandacceptancesamplinginspection,bytheexaminationresultsarereasonableUse.Bagsofcementshouldbeproperlykeptinstorageandtransportation，rain，moisture,stackedinacertainheightfromthegroundheapshelves,isstrictlyprohibitedanddamagethrowingthrowingbags,prohibitedtheuseofdampordifferentvarietiesofmixedcementlabel.

        Aggregate:

stoneandsandmaterial（seedsfilm,medium—finesand）shouldcheckreportcards，thestonetestmethodsandqualitystandardsbyJGJ53—92，sandmaterialtestingmethodsandqualitystandardsbyJGJ52—92。

Particlesizeoflessthan2mminthesand,sand,claycontentbyweightnotmorethan3％，theparticlesizeoflessthan12mmgravelormelontablets,claycontentbyweightnotmorethan3％。

        Mixingofwater：

thewaterwithoutaffectingthenormalcondensationofcementhardeningofharmfulimpurities,maynotcontainfat,sugarandfreeacid,etc。

;water，PHvalueislessthanfourofacidicwaterandsulfurionofmorethan1%ofthewaterweightofwaterwereshallnotbeused；theuseoftapwaterorcleanwaterformixingnaturalwatercouldbedispensedwithfortesting.

        Quick-settingagent:

quick-settingagentisusedinJ85,711,orRedStar1，shouldbespecificallyresponsibleforcontrol，addtheweightof3%oftheweightofcement，themachineautomaticallyaddedbythejet.

        Electrodes：

TheTHJ422。

        Concretemix：

Inadditiontosprayingtheconcretemixdesignstandardstobeattainedstrength,wemustalsomeetthetechnicalrequirementsofconstruction，withtheratioof1：

0.4:

2：

2（cement：

water：

sand:

melonpieces）,melonseedspiecemaximumdiameterofnotm