六级真题含听力及核心词汇19911995年六级真题.docx

六级真题含听力及核心词汇19911995年六级真题.docx

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六级真题含听力及核心词汇19911995年六级真题

六级全真题

1990年1月六级试题

SectionA

Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".

Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignment.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkingtime.

21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectofautomation,itdoesnotdoubtthat______.

（A）automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

（B）Automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

（C）Automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthattheemployers

（D）Automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

22.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor"（Line6,Para.3）probablyimpliesthat____.

（A）wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

（B）thebenefitofincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

（C）supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

（D）thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

23.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,labourwilldependmostlyon____.

（A）additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkers

（B）theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

（C）shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

（D）astrongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

（A）Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.

（B）Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.

（C）Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.

（D）Socialbenefitsofautomation.

Questions25to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon'tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother'sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefault!

Iswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves-theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat'sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn'texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We'vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan'tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn'tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy（异端邪说）tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

25.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat____.

（A）peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

（B）peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

（C）allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollege

（D）veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

26.Inthe2ndparagraph,"thosewhodon'tfitthepattern"refersto____.

（A）highschoolgraduateswhoaren'tsuitableforcollegeeducation

（B）collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

（C）collegestudentswhoaren'tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

（D）highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

27.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause_____.

（A）youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

（B）manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

（C）youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

（D）youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

28.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat____.

（A）societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

（B）highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

（C）toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

（D）collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

29.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat_____.

（A）moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

（B）collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

（C）collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

（D）intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgotocollege

30.The"surveysandstatistics"mentionedinthelastparagraphmighthaveshownthat_____.

（A）college-educatedpeoplearemoresuccessfulthannon-college-educatedpeople

（B）collegeeducationwasnotthefirstchoiceofintelligentpeople

（C）thelessschoolingapersonhasthebetteritisforhim

（D）mostpeoplehavesweetmemoriesofcollegelife

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringthesefiftyyears:

middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofvery

dubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping（簿记）.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago_____.

（A）eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

（B）twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees

（C）thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

（D）thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasno