考研英语一真题范本模板.docx

考研英语一真题范本模板.docx

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考研英语一真题范本模板

2019年英语

（一）考研真题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can’tfindnorth，afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5tocivilization，oneofwhichistofollowtheland.。

.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail，butnotinacompletely7area，youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

Which8isdownhill，inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater。

9，ifyouheaddownhill，andfollowanyH2Oyoufind，youshould10seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings。

Another12:

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13，evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads，traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods。

Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources，suchasfiresandstreetlights，thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

18,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent，lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization。

1.[A]Some[B］Most[C］Few［D］All

2.[A］put［B］take［C]run［D]come

3.［A]Since[B]If［C］Though［D］Until

4。

［A]formally［B］relatively［C］gradually[D]literally

5.［A］back[B]next[C]around［D]away

6。

［A]onto[B］off［C］across［D]alone

7。

[A]unattractive[B］uncrowded[C］unchanged［D］unfamiliar

8。

［A］site[B］point[C]way［D］place

9。

[A]So[B]Yet［C]Instead［D]Besides

10.［A]immediately[B］intentionally[C]unexpectedly［D]eventually

11.[A]surprised[B］annoyed［C]frightened[D］confused

12。

[A]problem［B］option[C］view[D］result

13。

[A］Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C］Onaverage［D］Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid［C]spot［D］separate

15。

[A］from［B］through[C]beyond［D]under

16.［A］posts［B］links［C］shades［D］breaks

17.[A]artificial［B］mysterious[C］hidden[D］limited

18.[A]Finally［B]Consequently[C］incidentally[D]Generally

19.[A]memories［B]marks［C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A］restrict[B]adopt［C］lead[D]expose

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts。

AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk—takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution。

Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit：

morelongtermdecision—makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobuallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations。

“Short—termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist。

AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce"ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast。

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain，henotes，hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades。

Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies，canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong—termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities，quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort—termthinkingattheexpenseoflong—terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS，theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear，slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism。

”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay，TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart"ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance。

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long—termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany。

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance，notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe_________。

A。

enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B。

helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C。

buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D。

guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22。

AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate_________。

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments’impatienceindecision-making

C。

thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.“short—termism”ineconomicsactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe__________。

A。

indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D。

temporary

24。

TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate____________。

A。

theobstaclestopreventing“short-termism”。

B。

thesignificanceoflong—termthinking。

C。

theapproachestopromoting“long-termism"。

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？

A。

FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk—takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation——thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade—pointaverages）overthepastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation，inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother，relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled“gradeforgiveness”-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent’soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears，ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses。

Butnowmostcollegessaveformanyselectivecampuses，allowallundergraduates，andevengraduatestudents，togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty。

“Untimely,”saidJackMiner，OhioStateUniversity’sregistrar,“weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime。

”

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges’ownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergradescan，byboostingfigureslikethose，meanmoremoney。

AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents-who,attheendoftheday，arepayingthebill—feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges。

Indeed，gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadajob，itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students’andcolleges'incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.Students’indifferencetoGPAS.

C。

Colleges’neglectofGPAS。

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27。

Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness？

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning。

B.Tomaintaincolleges’graduationrates.

C。

Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D。

Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.

28。

AccordingtoParagraph5，gradeforgivenessenablecollegesto_________。

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport

B。

boosttheirstudentenrollments

C。

improvetheirteachingquality

D。

meetlocalgovernments’needs

29.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned”（Line5，Para。

6）mostprobablymean？

A。

Tocounterbalanceeachother.

B。

Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother.

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother。

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgiven