考研英语一真题范本模板.docx

1、考研英语一真题范本模板2019年英语（一）考研真题Section Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phon

2、es. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north， a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization， one of which is to follow the land.。.Wh

3、en you find yourself well 6 a trail， but not in a completely 7 area， you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill， in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water。 9 ， if you head downhill， and follow any

4、H2O you find， you should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings。Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 ， even in dense forest,

5、you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads， train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods。 Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources， such as fires and streetlights， then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming yo

6、ure lost in an area humans tend to frequent， look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization。1. ASome BMost CFew DAll2. AputBtakeCrun Dcome3. ASince B If C Though DUntil4。 Aformally B relatively C gradually D literally5. A back B ne

7、xt C around D away6。 Aonto BoffCacross Dalone7。 AunattractiveB uncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar8。 A siteBpoint Cway Dplace9。 A So B Yet CInstead DBesides10. Aimmediately B intentionally Cunexpectedly D eventually11. Asurprised Bannoyed Cfrightened Dconfused12。 A problem Boption Cview Dresult13。 A Ab

8、ove all BIn contrast C On average D For example14. Abridge Bavoid Cspot Dseparate15。 A from B through Cbeyond D under16. A posts Blinks Cshades Dbreaks17. A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited18. A Finally B Consequently C incidentally D Generally19. A memories B marks C notes D belongings20.

9、 A restrict B adopt C lead D exposeSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts。 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule o

10、n the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risktaking and to restore public trust in financi

11、al institution。 Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit： more long term decisionmaking not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations。“Shorttermism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank

12、 of Englands top economist。 Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once rather than putting them aside to be eaten last。The average time for hol

13、ding a stock in both the United States and Britain， he notes， has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades。 Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies， can hinder a firms efforts to invest in longterm research or to build up customer loyalty. This has bee

14、n dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities， quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of shortterm thinking at the expense of longterm investing,” said C

15、ommissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US， the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year， slightly helping reduce “short-termism。” In its latest survey o

16、f CEO pay， The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part of executive pay is now tied to performance。Much more could be done to encourage “longtermism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment

17、for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company。Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has

18、 an interest in their performance， not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_。A。 enhance bankers sense of responsibilityB。 help corporations achieve larger profitsC。 build a new system of financial regulationD。 guarante

19、e the bonuses of top executives22。 Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_。A. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments impatience in decision-makingC。 the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. “shorttermism” in economics activities23. It is argued that the influence of trans

20、ient investment on public companies can be_。A。 indirectB. adverseC. minimalD。 temporary24。 The US and France examples are used to illustrate_。A。 the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”。B。 the significance of longterm thinking。C。 the approaches to promoting “long-termism。D. the prevalence of shor

21、t-term thinking.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text？A。 Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risktaking BankersText 2Grade inflationthe gradual increase in average GPAs（gradepoint averag

22、es) over the past few decadesis often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education， in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another， related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”-is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness al

23、lows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years， as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep

24、 students in school (and paying tuition） and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses。 But now most

25、 colleges save for many selective campuses， allow all undergraduates， and even graduate students， to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to t

26、heir degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty。 “Untimely,” said Jack Miner， Ohio State Universitys registrar,“we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time。”That s

27、aid, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retentionso better grades can， by boosting figures like those， mean more money。 And any

28、thing that raises GPAs will likely make students-who, at the end of the day， are paying the billfeel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges。Indeed， grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectati

29、ons for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead a job， it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possibleor at least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarde

30、d as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students indifference to GPAS.C。 Colleges neglect of GPAS。D. The influence of consumer culture.27。 What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness？A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning。B. To maintain colleges graduation

31、 rates.C。 To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D。 To increase universities income from tuition.28。 According to Paragraph 5，grade forgiveness enable colleges to_。A. obtain more financial supportB。 boost their student enrollmentsC。 improve their teaching qualityD。 meet local governments needs29. What does the phrase “to be aligned”（Line 5， Para。6） most probably mean？A。 To counterbalance each other.B。 To complement each other.C. To be identical with each other.D. To be contradictory to each other。30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiven