if虚拟语气.docx
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if虚拟语气
if虚拟语气
【例句】1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier，youwouldhavemethim.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。
（与过去事实相反）
2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow，iwouldcometoseeyou.
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。
（与将来事实可能相反）
3.Ifiwereyou，iwouldgoatonce.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。
（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）
主从句的谓语形式
时间
If从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
现在
did/were
Would/could/should/might+V.（原原
过去
haddone
Would/could/should/might+have+p.p
将来
1.did/were
2.shoulddo
3.weretodo
Would/could/should/might+V.（原）
（一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
表示与现在事实相反的情况，
例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：
我不可能是你）
2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：
不知道）
3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
（事实：
地球上既有空气也有水）
4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：
没带钱）
5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.
如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
（事实：
没有努力
If+主+did（were），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形
（二）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
例：
1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：
去晚了）
2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：
没有听我的话）
If+主+haddonesth，主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）
（三）表示对将来情况的主观推测
例：
1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：
来的可能性很小）
2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
（事实：
不知能否下雪）
3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
If+主+did（wereto/shoulddo），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形
（在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。
）
（四）有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
I
f he knew her, he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.
如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.
要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
（五）if虚拟句的倒装
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
如果条件状语中有were，had，should时，可以倒装成：
were/should/had+主+其他
Ifiwereyou，iwouldtryitagain.如果我是你，我会再试一次。
Wereiyou,…
Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday，hewouldhaveseenthefilm.
Hadhebeenthereyesterday,…
Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.
Shoulditsnowtomorrow,…
（六）非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without„., but for„.等
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我
们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
（七）有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。
②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
1.theexam，hewouldhaveattendacollege.
A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass
2.fiveminutesearlier，youcouldhaveseenthemoff.
A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarriveD.Shouldyouarrive
翻译句子：
1.If ___________________（如果明天不下雨的话）, we will go to the zoo.
2__________________（如果你生病了）, you must see the doctor.
3. You’ll have to have a rest _______________（如果你感到累）
4． ___________________（如果我们训练海豚）, they perform tricks.
5． Parrots repeat words _______________________ （如果你教他们）
6．_____________（如果老虎住在野外）, they will hunt for their own food .
7. If you do not hurry up, ________________________________.（你会上学迟到）.
练习以及解析
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone
9.Icant stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should B. would C. do D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is hightime you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
－I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak
30.Had I known her name, _____
A. or does she know mine?
B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.
翻译句子：
1. it doesn't rain tomorrow 2. If you are ill 3. if you feel tired 4. If we train dolphins 5. if you teach them 6. If tigers live in the wild 7. you will be late for school
1—5 BBDD 6—10 DAD 11—15 CD 16—20 ACAD
21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD 31—35 DDCCB 36—40 DCACD
解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
本句asthough后面是与现在相反的虚拟语气所以用一般过去时.
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
It'stime+that时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式（be用were）;或者用shoud+动词原形（should不能省略）。
此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。
27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
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