高考英语考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破七 Word版含答案.docx

高考英语考前三个月文档专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破七 Word版含答案.docx

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高考英语考前三个月文档专题三阅读理解第三步题型突破七Word版含答案

题型突破（七）主旨大意之文章或段落大意题

A

（2017·南京九中模拟）

Perhapseveryoldgenerationsinceancienttimeshascomplainedaboutyoungpeople，andtodayisnodifferent.Isn’titclearthatcomparedwithourgloriousselves，kidsthesedaysareself-absorbedsocialnetworkaddicts?

However，thissummer，myimpressionoftoday’skidshasbeenrestoredbythestoryofRachelBeckwith.Shecouldteachmygenerationagreatdealaboutmaturityandunselfishness—eventhoughshe’sjust9yearsold，orwaswhenshediedonJuly23.

Atage5，RachelhadherlonghairshornoffandsenttoLocksofLove，whichuseshairdonationstomakeartificialhairforchildrenwhohavelosttheirownhairbecauseofcancerorotherdiseases.Afterthat，Rachelannouncedthatshewouldgrowherhairlongagainanddonateitagain.Andthat’swhatshedid.

Thenwhenshewas8yearsold，herchurchbeganraisingmoneytobuildwellsinAfricathroughanorganizationcalledcharity：

water.Rachelwasastonishedwhenshelearnedthatotherchildrenhadnocleanwater，sosheskippedherninthbirthdayparty.Rachelsetupabirthdaypageonthecharity：

waterwebsitewithatargetof300.Insteadofpresents，sheaskedherfriendstodonate9eachtocharity：

water.FinallyRachelraisedonly220—whichhadleftherjustabitdisappointed.

Then，onJuly20，aserioustrafficaccidentleftRachelcriticallyinjured.Churchmembersandfriends，seekingsomewayofshowingsupport，begandonatingonRachel’sbirthdaypage—charitywater.org/Rachel—anddonationsreachedher300goal，andkeptrising.

ButRachelcouldn’thearthatshehadraisedbeyondthe47,544thatthesingerJustinBieberhadraisedforcharity：

wateronhis17thbirthday.“IthinkRachelwouldhavebeenoverjoyedforshesecretlyhadacrushon（迷恋……）him，”Rachel’smomsaid.

WhenitwasclearthatRachelwouldneverregainconsciousness，thefamilydecidedtoremovethelifesupportsystem.HerparentsdonatedherhairforthefinaltimetoLocksofLove，andherorganstootherchildren.

WordaboutRachel’slastfund-raisingspread.Contributionspouredin，oftenin9each.Thetotaldonationssoontopped100,000，then300,000.

Thisisastorynotjustofonegirl，butofayounggenerationofoutstandingproblem-solversworkingcreatively.

语篇解读　本文讲述了一个善良的女孩RachelBeckwith的慈善行为，告诉我们新一代的年轻人能够创造性地解决问题。

1．WhenwasitthatRachel’shairwasdonatedforthefinaltimetoLocksofLove?

A．Atherageof5.

B．Afterherdeath.

C．Rightafterthetrafficaccident.

D．Beforeherninthbirthday.

答案B

解析细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第三段可知是她的父母在她去世以后把她的头发捐给LocksofLove的。

故选B。

2．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A．Rachel’shairdonations.

B．Akindgirl，Rachel.

C．Theauthor’simpressionoftoday’skids.

D．AlessonfromRachel.

答案B

解析主旨大意题。

纵观全文可知，本文讲述一个善良的女孩子RachelBeckwith的慈善行为。

故选B。

3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftoday’skidsafterheknewthestoryofRachelBeckwith?

A．Theyaregoodatsocialnetwork.

B．Theyareunselfishasgrown-ups.

C．Theycangetproblemssettledeffectively.

D．Theyhavenarrowmindsandcareaboutnothing.

答案C

解析推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段中的“...butofayounggenerationofoutstandingproblem-solversworkingcreatively.”可知，作者在得知Rachel的故事之后，认为现在的孩子能够创造性地解决问题。

故选C。

B

（2017·南京九中模拟）

Forhighschoolleaversstartingoutintheworkingworld，itisveryimportanttolearnparticularskillsandpracticehowtobehaveinanintervieworhowtofindaninternship（实习）．Insomecountries，schoolshaveprogramstohelpstudentsontothepathtowork.IntheUnitedStates，however，suchprogramsarestillfewandfarbehind.

Researchshowsthatifhighschoolsprovidecareer-relatedcourses，studentsarelikelytogethigherearningsinlateryears.Thestudentsaremorelikelytostayinschool，graduateandgoontohighereducation.

InGermany，studentsasyoungas13and14areexpectedtodointernships.Germancompaniesworkwithschoolstomakesurethatyoungpeoplegettheeducationtheyneedforfutureemployment.

ButinAmerica，educationreformprogramsfocusonhowwellstudentsdoinexamsinsteadofbringingthemintocontactwiththeworkingworld.HarvardEducationschoolprofessorRobertSchwartzhascriticizededucationreformersfortryingtoplaceallgraduatesdirectlyonthefour-yearcollegetrack.Schwartzarguedthatthisapproachleavesthecountry’smostvulnerable（易受影响的）kidswithnojobsandnoskills.

Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighschool.JamesMadisonHighSchoolinNewYork，forexample，encouragesstudentstochooseclassesoncareer-basedcourses.Theschoolthenhelpsthemgainon-the-jobexperienceinthosefieldswhilethey’restillathighschool.

However，evenforteenswhoseschoolsencouragethemtoconnectwithwork，thejobmarketisdaunting.IntheUS，unemploymentratesfor16-to19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.

“Theriskisthatifteenagersmissoutonthesummerjobexperience，theywillbecomepartofthisgenerationofteenswhohadtroubleinlandingajob，”saidMichael，aresearcherintheUS.

语篇解读　本文通过与德国中学情况的比较，说明在美国中学里很缺乏有关职业的基本课程。

4．AccordingtoRobertSchwartz，highschoolstudentsshould.

A．directlycarryonhighereducation

B．getcontactwiththeworkingworld

C．focusontheirperformanceinexams

D．notmissoutonthesummerjobexperience

答案B

解析细节理解题。

根据第五段中的“Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighschool.”可知，Schwartz认为美国中学生应该多学习一些与工作有关的实用技能。

故选B。

5．Theunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph6mostprobablymeans“”．

A．incredibleB．motivating

C．impressiveD．discouraging

答案D

解析词义猜测题。

从画线词后的“IntheUS，unemploymentratesfor16-to19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.”可知，美国的失业率很高，故可推知它的就业市场是令人沮丧的。

故选D。

6．What’sthemainideaofthetext?

A．RemarksonrecentUShighschooleducationreform.

B．TipsonfindingjobsforhighschoolleaversintheUS.

C．Thelackofcareer-basededucationintheUShighschools.

D．TheseveresituationofunemploymentintheUS.

答案C

解析主旨大意题。

文章第一段点明主题：

在美国中学里有关职业的课程很缺乏，下文进行了具体的对比和介绍。

故选C。

7．Intheauthor’sopinion，Germanhighschoolleavers.

A．enjoymorecareer-relatedcoursesthanthatoftheUS

B．needmorecareeradvicefromtheirschools

C．performbetterinexamsthanAmericanstudents

D．arelessbroughtintocontactwiththeworkingworld

答案A

解析推理判断题。

根据第三段的介绍以及第四段第一句可知，德国的中学生比美国的中学生享有更多的与职业有关的课程教育。

故选A。

C

（2017·镇江一模）

Thehabit-formingprocesswithinourbrainsisathree-steploop（回路）．First，thereisacue，atriggerthattellsyourbraintogointoautomaticmode（模式）andwhichhabittouse.Thenthereistheroutine，whichcanbephysicalormentaloremotional.Finally，thereisareward，whichhelpsyourbrainfigureoutifthisparticularloopisworthrememberingforthefuture.Overtime，thisloop—cues，routines，rewards—becomesmoreandmoreautomatic.Thecueandrewardbecomeintertwined（交织的）untilapowerfulsenseofanticipationandadesireappears.Eventually，ahabitisborn.

Habitsaren’tdestiny.Habitscanbeignored，changed，orreplaced.Butthereasonwhythediscoveryofthehabitloopissoimportantisthatitrevealsabasictruth：

Whenahabitappears，thebrainstopsfullyparticipatingindecision-making.Itstopsworkingsohard，orshiftsfocustoothertasks.Sounlessyoudeliberatelyfightahabit—unlessyoufindnewroutines—thepatternwillunfoldautomatically.

Habitsneverreallydisappear.They’reencoded（把……编码）intothestructuresofourbrain，andthat’sahugeadvantageforus，becauseitwouldbeawfulifwehadtorelearnhowtodriveaftereveryvacation.Theproblemisthatyourbraincan’ttellthedifferencebetweenbadandgoodhabits，andsoifyouhaveabadone，it’salwayslurking（潜伏）there，waitingfortherightcuesandrewards.

Thisexplainswhyit’ssohardtocreateexercisehabits，forinstance，orchangewhatweeat.Oncewedeveloparoutineofsittingonthesofa，ratherthanrunning，orsnackingwheneverwepassadoughnutbox，thosepatternsalwaysremaininsideourheads.Bythesamerule，though，ifwelearntocreatenewneurological（神经系统的）routinesthatoverpowerthosebehaviors—ifwetakecontrolofthehabitloop—wecanforcethosebadtendenciesintothebackground.Andoncesomeonecreatesanewpattern，studieshavedemonstrated，goingforajogorignoringthedoughnutsbecomesasautomaticasanyotherhabit.

Ofcourse，thosedecisionsarehabitual，effortless.Aslongasyourbasalganglia（基底核）iscompleteandthecuesremainconstant，thebehaviorswilloccurunthinkingly.Atthesametime，however，thebrain’sdependenceonautomaticroutinescanbedangerous.Habitsareoftenasmuchacurseasabenefit.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。

文章主要介绍了习惯是如何形成的。

8．Whatcanwelearnaboutthehabitloopfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A．Ithelpsyourbrainunderstandwhatisworthremembering.

B．Itisathree-steploopconsistingofacue，aroutineandareward.

C．Itbecomesautomaticanddevelopsasenseofanticipationanddesire.

D．Itrevealsabasictruththatthepatternofahabitwillunfoldautomatically.

答案B

解析细节理解题。

根据前两段的内容，尤其是第一段中的“Thehabit-formingprocesswithinourbrainsisathree-steploop（回路）．First，thereisacue...Thenthereistheroutine...Finally，thereisareward...”可知，习惯形成的过程是一个三步走的回路，分别是：

提示、惯例和奖励。

故选B项。

9．Theadvantageofhabitsneverreallydisappearingisthat.

A．wecaneasilychangewhatweeat

B．wedeveloparoutineofsittingonthesofa

C．wedon’tnecessarilylearnaskillagain

D．wecandistinguishbetweenbadandgoodhabits

答案C

解析细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Habitsneverreallydisappear...itwouldbeawfulifwehadtorelearnhowtodriveaftereveryvacation.”可知，从未真正消失的习惯会被编入我们的大脑结构中，正是得益于此，我们不必重新学习一门技能。

故选C项。

10．WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceinParagraph4?

A．Habitscanbechangedandreplaced.

B．Habitscannotbeignoredorcreated.

C．Oldpatternsalwaysexistinourbrains.

D．Newpatternsseldomremaininourbrains.

答案A

解析推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句“Andoncesomeonecreatesanewpattern，studieshavedemonstrated，goingforajogorignoringthedoughnutsbecomesasautomaticasanyotherhabit.”可知，研究表明，一旦有人创造了新的模式，慢跑或忽视甜甜圈就变得和任何其他的习惯一样自动化了。

由此可推断，习惯可以被改变或替代。

故选A项。

11．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Thediscoveryofthehabitloop.

B．Theautomaticpatternofhabits.

C．Theresearchonthehabit-formingprocess.

D．Thebrain’sdependenceonautomaticroutines.

答案B

解析主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍的是习惯的形成是一个自动化的过程，一旦人们创造了新的习惯回路模式，习惯就可以被忽略、改变或替换。

故B项最能概括文章主旨。

D

（2017·苏锡常镇四市二模）

Scientistsshouldbeallowedtochangeaperson’sDNAinwaysthatwillbepassedontofuturegenerations，butonlytopreventseriousandstronglyheritable（遗传）diseases，accordingtoanewreportfromtheNationalAcademyofSciencesandtheNationalAcademyofMedicine.However，makingchangestothesegenesinordertoimproveorchangetraitssuchasstrength，intelligenceorbeautyshouldremainoff-limits，thereportauthorsconcluded.

Changingtheso-calledgermline（种系）isillegalintheUnitedStates.Ithaslargelybeenconsideredethicallyoff-limitshereaswell，atleastwhilebioethicistsandscientistsconsideredtheunforeseeneffectsandunexaminedmoraldilemmasofusingnewgene-editing