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论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观
Abstract
PrideandPrejudiceisoneofthegreatworksofEngland’sgreatwriter,JaneAusten.Inthiswork,JaneAustendescribesfourdifferentmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice.ThroughtheanalysisonfourmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice,thisdissertationdiscussesdifferentconceptsofloveandmarriageoffourdifferentmarriagesandanalysestheviewsaboutloveandmarriageofJaneAusten.Therearefourdifferentmarriageswithdifferentconceptsofloveandmarriage,anddifferentroleshavedifferentideasaboutloveandmarriage.InPrideandPrejudice,Somepeoplejustwanttohavepower,statusandwealth,andothersonlylookfortruelove.Butpeopleneedtoconsidertheimportanceandcrueltyofrealityinmarriage.Realityisruthless,peopleshouldhaveclearideasaboutloveandmarriage,anddon’tbefooledbyfalseandunrealthings.Thetrueloveisthefoundationofahappymarriage;ifpeopleaskfortoomuchonpower,statusandwealth,theycannothavetruehappinessonloveandmarriage.
Keywords:
JaneAusten;PrideandPrejudice;conceptofloveandmarriage
摘要
《傲慢与偏见》是英国著名女作家简·奥斯汀的一部伟大著作。
它以男女主人公的爱情纠葛为主线,描写四段不同的婚姻,展示了当时社会爱情和婚姻的状况。
本文旨在分析四组人物的爱情观与婚姻观,并探讨简·奥斯汀的爱情观和婚姻观。
四组不同的婚姻及不同的人物向读者展现了不同的恋爱观和婚姻观。
在《傲慢与偏见》中,有人只是为了追求地位,权利和财富而结合,也有人只是为了追寻真爱。
但是,人们要考虑到现实社会的残酷性。
人们应对爱情观与婚姻观有清楚的认识,不要被虚伪和假情假意所蒙蔽。
真正的爱情与婚姻应基于真爱;过多的追求权利,地位与金钱的爱情与婚姻是不幸福的。
关键词:
简·奥斯汀;《傲慢与偏见》;爱情观与婚姻观
TableofContents
Abstracti
摘要ii
1.Introduction1
2.TheIntroductiontoJaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice2
2.1TheintroductiontoJaneAusten2
2.2TheintroductiontoPrideandPrejudice2
3.TheConceptofLoveandMarriageintheSocietyandtheFourMarriages3
3.1TheconceptofLoveandMarriageintheSociety3
3.2ThefourmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice3
3.2.1JaneandMr.Bingley’smarriage3
3.2.2LydiaandWickham'smarriage3
3.2.3CharlotteandCollins'smarriage4
3.2.4ElizabethandDarcy'smarriage4
4.TheDifferentUnderstandingaboutLoveandMarriageinPrideandPrejudice6
4.1Thecombinationbasedonloveandsimilarinterests6
4.2Thecombinationbasedonvanityandcarelessness6
4.3Thecombinationbasedonmoney7
4.4Thecombinationbasedontruelove7
5.TheInspirationaboutLoveandMarriagefromPrideandPrejudice9
5.1JaneAusten'sconceptaboutloveandmarriage9
5.2Theconceptofloveandmarriageinmodernsociety9
6.Conclusion11
References12
Acknowledgements13
1.Introduction
Inasense,PrideandPrejudiceisthestoryoftwocourtships–thosebetweenDarcyandElizabethandbetweenBingleyandJane.Withinthisbroadstructureappearother,smallercourtships:
Mr.Collins’sabortedwooingofElizabeth,followedbyhissuccessfulwooingofCharlotteLucas;Wickham’spursuitfirstofElizabeth,themofthenever-seenMissKing,andfinallyofLydia.Courtshipthereforetakesonaprofound,ofoftenunspoken,importanceinthenovel.Marriageistheultimategoal;courtshipconstitutestherealworking-outoflove.Courtshipbecomesasortofforgeofaperson’spersonality,andeachcourtshipbecomesamicrocosmfordifferentsortsoflove(ordifferentwaystoabuseloveasameanstosocialadvancement).
ThroughtheDarcy-ElizabethandBingley-Janemarriages,Austenshowsthepowerofloveandhappinesstoovercomeclassboundariesandprejudices,therebyimplyingthatsuchprejudicesarehollow,unfeeling,andunproductive.“JaneAustenthinksthatmarriagewillnotbehappywithoutlove.Thehappymarriageshouldbebasedonthemutualrespect,mutualadmiration”(Zhong,2010:
8).Ofcourse,thiswholediscussionofclassmustbemadewiththeunderstandingthatAustenherselfisoftencriticizedasbeingaclassist:
shedoesn’treallyrepresentanyonefromthelowerclasses;thoseservantssheportraysaregenerallyhappywiththeirlot.Austendoescriticizeclassstructurebutonlyalimitedsliceofthatstructure.“Therationalandrealisticfeaturesofherlovestoriesarealsoanimportantpartinattractingherreaders’attentionandinterest”(Ye,2010:
12).JaneAustensetsElizabethandJaneasexamplesforthegirlswhowanttobehappy.
BritishfemalewriterVirginiaWoolfoncesaidthat:
“Amongallthegreatestwriters,JaneAustenisthemostdifficultonetobecapturedinthegreatmoments”(VirginiaWoolf,1927:
35).TheAmericanpsychologistDr.ArnoldA.Lazarusstressesthat,“happymarriageisbasedonsimilarity,notdifference”(Dr.Arnold,1978:
26).Andpeople’smarriageisbasedonsocialstatusandproperty.AsZhuHongsays:
“theessenceofmarriage(atthattime)ismoneydealingandbeneficialintegration”(Zhu,1985:
45).InLordDavidCecil’sview:
“Conflictarisesbetweendissimilarcharacters,andthedeepestattachmentsarebasedoncharacters’similarityoraffinityasexpressionsofthesamespiritualprinciple”(Cecil,1959:
146).Educationbackground,possessions,remainthemainreasonthatmayinfluenceone’smarriage.InPrideandPrejudice,therearemarriagesbasedonvanity,carelessnessandwealth,weshouldnotbecontrolledbytheseshortagesintherealsociety,butkeepourownfaithsandfeelings.
Theconceptofloveandmarriageinthisnovelgivesinspirationtoreaders.Thecombinationbasedonmoney,socialstatusandpowerisfalseandunreal.ThisdissertationanalysesfourmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice,anddiscussesdifferentconceptofloveandmarriage.
2.TheIntroductiontoJaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice
2.1TheIntroductiontoJaneAusten
JaneAusten(1775-1817)wasborninHampshire,acountrypriestfamilylocatedinHants,thevillageofKingston,SidemeninnorthEngland.Hersixnovels-SenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,NorthangerAbbey,ManshifeierdeManor,Emma,Persuasionalldescribemorethanmarriage.
DuringAusten’slife,however,onlyherimmediatefamilyknewofherauthorshipofthesenovels.Atonepoint,shewrotebehindadoorthatcreakedwhenvisitorsapproached;thiswarningallowedhertohidemanuscriptsbeforeanyonecouldenter.Thoughpublishinganonymouslypreventedherfromacquiringanauthorialreputation,italsoenabledhertopreserveherprivacyatatimewhenEnglishsocietyassociatedafemale’sentranceintothepublicspherewithareprehensiblelossoffemininity.Additionally,Austenmayhavesoughtanonymitybecauseofthemoregeneralatmosphereofrepressionpervadingherera.
ThesocialmilieuofAusten’sRegencyEnglandwasparticularlystratified,andclassdivisionswererootedinfamilyconnectionsandwealth.InPrideandPrejudice,AusteniscriticaloftheassumptionsandprejudicesofupperclassEngland.Shedistinguishesbetweeninternalmerit(goodnessofperson)andexternalmerit(rankandpossessions),justlikeMr.Darcy.Thoughshefrequentlysatirizessnobs,shealsopokesfunatthepoorbreedingandmisbehaviorofthoseloweronthesocialscale,justlikeMr.Collins.Nevertheless,Austenwasinmanywaysarealist,andtheEnglandshedepictsisoneinwhichsocialmobilityislimitedandclass-consciousnessisstrong.“Hersuccessisduetoherunrivalledcreationofplausiblecharactersandtheiridiolects,hermeldingofemotionalanalysisandpsychologicalacuitywithsocialsatireandcomedy”(JanetTodd,2006:
132).
2.2TheIntroductiontoPrideandPrejudice
Asinanygoodlovestory,thelovers,DarcyandElizabethmusteludeandovercomenumerousstumblingblocks.Austen,meanwhile,posescountlesssmallerobstaclestotherealizationofthelovebetweenElizabethandDarcy.ThroughtheDarcy-ElizabethandBingley-Janemarriages,Austenshowsthepowerofloveandhappinesstoovercomeclassboundariesandprejudices,therebyimplyingthatsuchprejudicesarehollow,unfeeling,andunproductive.
PrideandPrejudicedepictsasocietyinwhichawoman’sreputationisoftheutmostimportance.Awomanisexpectedtobehaveincertainways.Steppingoutsidethesocialnormsmakeshervulnerabletoostracism.
Inthe19thcentury,womenhavenorealrightsandfreedomtochooseanddowhattheywant.“Thecentrallifeofwomenwasforcedtobestayingathome;theirrolesweretodealwiththefamilyaffairs,suchastakingcareofthechildrenandservingforthehusband”(ZhuHong,1995:
34).Althoughmanywomendreamofbeautifulandromanticloveandmarriage,therealityforcesthemtogiveupandobeytherealsociety.
3.TheConceptofLoveandMarriageintheSocietyandtheFourMarriages
3.1TheConceptofLoveandMarriageintheSociety
JaneAusten(1813:
1),“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.”Thissentencealsooffersaminiaturesketchoftheentireplot,whichconcernsitselfwiththepursuitof“singlemeninpossessionofagoodfortune”byvariousfemalecharacters.Thepreoccupationwithsociallyadvantageousmarriageinnineteenth-centuryEnglishsocietymanifestsitselfhere,forinclaimingthatasingleman“mustbeinwantofawife,”thenarratorrevealsthatthereverseisalsotrue:
asinglewoman,whosesociallyprescribedoptionsarequitelimited,isin(perhapsdesperate)wantofahusband.“TheclassdistinctioninBritain,theeconomicrelationshipsandevenwomen’sstatusareexposedthroughthecharacters’prudentchoiceinfindingamate”(Liu,2010:
18).
InPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustendealswithacomparativelyaffluentsociety.“Thelovemakingofheryoungpeople,thoughseriousandsympathetic,issubduedbyhumortotheordinaryplaneofemotionofwhichmostofuslive”(Wu,1998:
118).Inthisnovel,Austenexplicatesclearlythetruenatureofmarriageoftheupperclass—marriageoffortuneandinterests.Withthehugetopicofthenineteenthcentury,marriage,Austenshowsushowsuchthingsmatter.
3.2TheFourMarriage