高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析.docx
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高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Severalyearsago,Ibeganaskingmyfriendsandfamilytotellmesomethingabouttheirpasswords.Yes,Iunderstandwhypasswordsareuniversallyhated:
thepressuretheyputonourmemoryandtheendlessdemandtoupdatethem.Ihatethemtoo.Butthereismoretopasswordsthantheirannoyance.Inthefactthatweconstructthemsothatwecanrememberthem,theytakeonsecretlives.
TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.Andtherewasachildless45-year-oldwomanwhosepasswordisthenameofthebabyshelostinher25（herwayoftryingtokeephimalive,Iguess）.
Sometimesthepasswordswereplayful.Severalpeoplesaidtheyused"incorrect"fortheirssothatwhentheyforgotit,thesoftwareautomaticallypromotedthemwiththerightone（"yourpasswordisincorrect"）.
Somepasswordswerestrikingfortheiruniqueness.AfterreadingSherylSandberg'sbookLeanin:
Women,WorkandtheWilltoLead,CortniKerr,arunningpartnerofmine,foundherrolemodelandbeganusing"Wwssdol9",whichstoodfor"WhatwouldSherylSandbergdo"plus"19"fortheyear（2019）ofthepassword'screation."TnsitTpsif"wasthepasswordofanotherfriend,acomputerscientistwholoveswordplay.Itstoodfor"Thenextsentenceistrue.Theprevioussentenceisfalse".Formyfriend,itwasaplayfulreferencetotheknotsthatlanguagecantie.
The4622thatmywifeusedinherpasswordswasnotjusttheaddressofherfather'schildhoodhomebutalsoareminderofhisstrength.Apparently,whentheformer120kgfootballstandoutwasasmallboy,hehadtosinghishomeaddress（4622South28thWestAvenue）inonefullbreathratherthantrytosayitnormally.Otherwise,hisstutter（口吃）wouldembarrasshim.
（1）WhydidtheprisonerusehisprisonIDnumberinhispassword?
A.Torebuildhisreputation.
B.Toremindhimtoactlegally.
C.Tofightagainsthispoormemory.
D.Tohidetheunpleasantexperience.
（2）WhatdidCortniKerrthinkofSherylSandberg'sbook?
A.Doubtful.
B.Interesting.
C.Creative.
D.Inspiring.
（3）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Thereasonswhypeoplehatepasswords.
B.Theunusualpasswords.
C.Thesecretlivesofpasswords.
D.Thebestwaystomakeyourpasswordsunique.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。
不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.”可知这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。
因此选B。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“CortniKerr,arunningpartnerofmine,foundherrolemodelandbeganusing‘Wwssdol9’,whichstoodfor‘WhatwouldSherylSandbergdo’plus'19’fortheyear（2019）ofthepassword'screation.”可知CortniKerr读完SherylSandberg'sbook的书后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出CortniKerr认为SherylSandberg的书很激励人心。
故选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。
通读全文可知，本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。
不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。
选项C.Thesecretlivesofpasswords.“密码里的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．Directions:
Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
Takingyourpulseduringphysicalactivityallowsyoutomeasurehowhardyouareexercising.Youshouldexercisetostaywithinyourtargetheartrange.
Increasingyourheartrateisakeypartofexercisebutitisimportantthatyourheartrateisnottoohighortoolow.Ifyouareabeginner,youshouldalsobeabletobreathecomfortablywhileexercising.Thiswillensurethatyouareexercisingatalevelthatissafeandeffectiveforyourbody.
Thechartbelowillustratestargetheartraterangesforexercisebasedonthemaximalheartrateforselectedages.Herearethestepsforusingthechart:
（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Exerciseintensitycanbereflectedbyaperson'sheartrate.
B.Thefasteryourheartrateis,themoreeffectivetheexerciseis.
C.Vigorousexercisewilldefinitelypresentathreattopeople'ssafety.
D.Thetargetexerciseheartraterangefora45-year-oldis90–149BPM.
（2）A34-year-oldmanisrunningandthenumberofpulseshetakesfor15secondsis40.
Hisfitnesscoachhadbettertellhim_____________.
A."Youaredoingfine."
B."Youcanrunfaster."
C."Youshouldslowdownabit."
D."Youshoulddrinksomewater."
（3）Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?
A.Toadvisepeopletoformahabitoftakingtheirpulseswhileexercising.
B.Toinformpeopleofthetargetheartratezoneforthoseaged60andunder.
C.Totellpeopletheimportanceofmaintainingmoderateamountofexercise.
D.Toshowpeoplehowtomeasureheartratetokeepproperexerciseintensity.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段“Takingyourpulseduringphysicalactivityallowsyoutomeasurehowhardyouareexercising.Youshouldexercisetostaywithinyourtargetheartrange.”及表格上的数据可知，一个人的心率可以反映运动强度。
故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据表格中给的测量心率的方法可知，此人的每分钟的心率是40*4=160，结合数据表格，年龄34从35岁那一栏可知，大于百分之85，根据图表说明可知，属于剧烈运动，因此他的健康教练应该告诉他放慢一点。
故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
文章通过告诉读者如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。
可知，文章的目的是向人们展示如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?
Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:
HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?
Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?
Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.
Onegreatirony（讽刺）aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:
Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!
"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."
Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:
Believeyouaresomeoneelse.
Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.
Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.
Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:
Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.
Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.
（1）What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?
A. Toleadinthetopic.
B. Tomakeacomparison.
C. Tostateanopinion.
D. Toaskafavor.
（2）ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves
A. creativityisanindividualcharacteristic
B. librariansaremorecreativethanpoets
C. ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity
D. yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself
（3）AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause .
A. itisanactofunconsciousfocus
B. certainbrainareasbegintoacttogether
C. peopleareinastateoflaziness D. allactorsemploythistechnique
（4）Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto .
A. focusonaspecifictask B. believeinyourowntalent
C. pretendtobesomeoneelse
D. turntoberight-brained
【答案】
（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演：
遇见更有创造力的自己。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?
并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。
这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘prod
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