版高考英语一轮复习Unit5Meetingyourancestors课后达标检测新人教版选修8.docx

版高考英语一轮复习Unit5Meetingyourancestors课后达标检测新人教版选修8.docx

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版高考英语一轮复习Unit5Meetingyourancestors课后达标检测新人教版选修8

Unit5Meetingyourancestors

（建议用时：

35分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2020·陕西部分学校摸底）ThreeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownofBovina,Mississippi.However,theirliveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthejawboneofaMastodon（乳齿象）．

BrothersShawnandCaidSellersandtheircousinMichaelMahalitcfoundtheprehistoricboneinapieceofearththatwasrecentlyplowed.“Ithoughtitwasalog，”Caidsaid.“ItriedtopickitupanditwasreallyheavyandIsawteethonit.”Theboneweighedabout50pounds.Theyeventuallygotthebonetotheirhomeandfitteditintheirbathtub,butittooktheircollectivestrength,mightandagolfcart,tocarrythelargeMastodonbone.

“Theydidn’texpecttofindthat，”Michael’smomsaid.“Nowtheybelievethattheywillbemoreawareoftheirsurroundingsandwhatthey’rediggingupwhentheyarediggingandplaying.”

“We’vegottenalotofpetrified（石化的）woodandCivilWarrelicsfromtheareaandthat’swhatIthoughtitwas，”thebrothers’mothersaid.“Thisisourfirstsetofteethwe’vefound.Sowethoughtitwastheirimagination.Wewerequitesurprisedtoseethatitwasnottheirimagination.”

Theywereexploringnearthebrothers’home.It’ssurprisingthattheysawwhattheythoughtresembledafossil.Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology（古生物学负责人）oftheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa“verymatureindividual”．

TheMastodonwasamammalwholivedduringtheprehistorictimes.Theyhadlongtusksandtrunks,likeelephants.Theywereclearlydifferentfromtheirmoderndaycounterparts,aswellaswoollymammoths（猛犸）．

【解题导语】　美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸。

他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用。

1．HowdidtheyfindthejawboneofaMastodon?

A．Withgreatefforts.　　　　B．Bychance.

C．Instructedbyanexpert.D．Throughimagination.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段“Threeboyswereenjoyingthemselves...discoveredthejawboneofaMastodon（乳齿象）．”可知，他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现乳齿象的下颌骨的。

2．ThediscoveryofthejawboneofaMastodonisimportantmainlybecauseit________．

A．helpspeopletoknowmoreabouttheCivilWar

B．teacheskidstobemoreawareoftheirsurroundings

C．promotestheresearchonmoreprehistoriccreatures

D．attractstheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa‘verymatureindividual’”并结合倒数第一段可知，乳齿象下颌骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。

3．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthearticle?

A．PrehistoricBonesRecentlyFoundinMississippi

B．NotPetrifiedWoodnorCivilWarRelics

C．FirstIdentifyingBoneasa“VeryMatureIndividual”

D．UnexpectedlyDiscoveringMastodonJawbone

D　解析：

标题归纳题。

根据第一段并结合文章其他内容可知，美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用，故D项最适合作文章标题。

B

（2020·安徽六校联考）

TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:

getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?

ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedparticipantsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoal,andwhetherornottheyfeltthecontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.Generallyspeaking,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsideforce—weredecidingtheirlives.Buttheparticipantshaddefinitelymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.

Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic（悲观的）aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.

MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability（稳定）hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehighschooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook（支票簿）,arethenecessaryelementsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

一项民意测验表明，美国人现在不像以前那么相信美国梦了，有一半多的美国人认为不接受大学教育也可以成功。

4．ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave________．

A．asenseofdriveandpurpose

B．anadvancedacademicdegree

C．afirmbeliefinhisorherdream

D．anambitiontogetahead

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:

getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.”可知，过去在美国，人们通常认为一个人要成功必须获得大学教育、有大学文凭。

故正确答案为B。

5．WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream?

A．MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.

B．ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.

C．AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.

D．Americans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.”可知，这次民意调查发现在过去的几十年里，美国人对美国梦的看法已经改变了。

故正确答案为D。

6．WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?

A．Itstillremainsopentodebate.

B．Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.

C．Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.

D．Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第三段内容可知，现在美国人对大学教育能引领成功这一看法越来越悲观，有一半多的美国人认为成功并不需要大学教育。

由此可知，现在美国人认为大学教育对于成功来说并不像过去那么重要。

故正确答案为D。

7．Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays?

A．Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.

B．Itneedstobestrengthened.

C．Itwidensculturaldiversity.

D．Itpromotesgenderequality.

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.”可推知，如今一些人认为大学教育能帮助扩展他们的视野。

故正确答案为A。

【难句分析】　MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability（稳定）hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.

分析：

本句是一个主从复合句。

句子主干为MiguelMaedawasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege。

其中MiguelMaeda为主句的主语，系动词was是主句的谓语动词，thefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege是主句中的表语。

whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth是非限制性定语从句，先行词是MiguelMaeda，补充说明主语的情况，关系代词who在定语从句中充当主语。

whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability也是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代主句的内容，在定语从句中作主语。

hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词asenseoffinancialstability，因为关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语，所以省略了关系代词which/that，而且该定语从句为了避免重复，所以用did代替动词achieved。

译文：

米格尔·马埃达，42岁，拥有硕士学位，从事公共卫生工作。

他是家中第一个上大学的人，这使他有了一种经济稳定的感觉，这是他的父母和祖父母从未有过的。

Ⅱ.七选五

（2020·黑龙江六校一模）Educationisasimportantastheaireveryonebreathes.Itisthemostvaluablepossessionapersonmusthave.1.________，youcertainlyneedtogeteducated.Educationisamustforapromisingandsecurefutureandastablelife.

Youreducationaldegreeisconsideredasaproofofyourknowledgebymany.Ifyouareeducatedyouhavemorechancesofbeingheardandtakenseriously.Generally,anuneducatedmanwillfindithardertoexpresshisviewsandopinionsowningtolackofconfidence.2.________．

Moreover,educationisofgreathelpifyouwanttobeaselfdependentperson.Anditbenefitsyouinalotofaspectsinthelife.3.________.Youcanguaranteestabilityinfinancebecauseoflandingthegoodcareer.

4．________，educationisanecessity.Itcontributestodoingawaywiththeexistingdifferencesbetweendifferentsocialclasses.Itopensawholeworldofopportunitiesforthepoorsothattheymayhaveanequalshotatwellpaidjobs.Educationalsohasamajorroleinwomenemployment.

Weallliveinasocietywhichhasitsownsetspokenorunspokenrulesandoneofthemiseducation.Thesocietyexpectsyoutogotoschoolfollowedbycollege,getajobetc.5.________.Aneducatedpersoncertainlyhasagreaterchancetomakecontributionstohiscommunity,andparticipateintheongoingchangesanddevelopmentsofthesociety.

A．Educationgivesyouconfidencetoexpressyourvoice

B．Themoreeducatedyouare,thebetteroptionsyouhave

C．Toenjoyhappinessandothergoodthingssocietyoffers

D．Ifyouwanttoseesocietyasajustandharmoniousplace

E．Educationisafactorthatcontributestothecommunity’speace

F．Educatedpeoplewillgetwellpaidjobsbasedonmoreoptions

G．Infact,educationhelpsyoubecomeausefulmemberofsociety

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，作者从几个方面讲述了教育的重要性。

1．C　解析：

依据下文中的“Educationisamustforapromisingandsecurefutureandastablelife.”和下面各段对教育作用的说明可知，空处总结说明教育的作用：

能让人享有幸福和美好事物。

2．A　解析：

依据空前提到的没有受过教育的人的情况“Generally,anuneducatedmanwillfindithardertoexpresshisviewsandopinionsowningtolackofconfidence.”可知，空处应与之对比，讲述教育能赋予人表达自己观点的自信，故选A项。

3．F　解析：

依据空后的“Youcanguaranteestabilityinfinancebecauseoflandingthegoodcareer.”可知，空处是教育和工作的关系，也就是“受过教育的人有更多机会找到高薪的工作”。

4．D　解析：

本段主要讲教育有助于消除社会不公平，为贫困的人提供获得高薪工作的机会。

空处所在句总领该段内容，即如果你想要社会公正、和谐，教育是必需的。

5．G　解析：

前一句说“社会期望你上学，然后上大学，工作等”，下文说受教育者更有可能为社会做出贡献，故G项“实际上，教育可以帮你成为社会中有用的一员”符合语境。

Ⅲ.语法填空

（2020·豫南九校联考）Throughouthistorypeoplehavewornclothingofonedescriptionoranothe