学年高中英语Unit1LearningStrategiesandHabitsPeriodThreeGrammar练习.docx
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学年高中英语Unit1LearningStrategiesandHabitsPeriodThreeGrammar练习
PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing
语法精析
一、简单句的五种基本类型
(一)主语+不及物动词(S+V)
不能直接加宾语的动词叫做不及物动词。
例如:
Thebabylaughs.
Thechildrenareswimming.
(二)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)
后面跟宾语意思才完整的动词是及物动词。
名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式都可以做宾语。
例如:
Theworkersmademachines.
Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.
(三)主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
常见的系动词有:
get,be,turn,look,smell,taste,sound,become等。
表语是英语中的一种特殊成分,常跟在连系动词后面。
表语一般由名词或形容词等充当。
例如:
Hebecameangry.
Mymotherisateacher.
(四)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
有些及物动词可以有两个(双)宾语,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,合称为双宾语。
如把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前,间接宾语前要加介词to或者for。
1.与介词to连用的动词主要有:
give,bring,lend,pass,show,teach,tell,take,send等。
例如:
Hegavemearuler.=Hegavearulertome.
2.与介词for连用的动词主要有:
buy,cook,do,find,get,leave,make,play等。
例如:
Mymotherboughtonebeautifulbirthdaypresentforme.=Mymotherboughtmeabeautifulbirthdaypresent.
注意:
如果直接宾语是人称代词时,必须将其置于间接宾语之前。
【误】Ineedsomesalt.Passmeit,please.
【正】Ineedsomesalt.Passittome,please.
(五)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)
宾语+宾语补足语叫做复合宾语,跟宾语补足语的常有以下几类词:
1.后面一般跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
ask,get,order,tell,want,wish,allow等。
例如:
Ourteachertoldustocomeearlytomorrow.
2.后面一般跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
四“看”:
see,watch,lookat,notice;三“使役”:
let,have,make;二“听”:
hear,listento;一“感觉”:
feel等。
例如:
Didyouseehimcomein?
二、句子成分
(一)主语(S):
句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)
Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)
Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语)
(二)谓语(V):
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.(实义动词)
Heisasleep.(系动词)
(三)表语(P):
系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)
Seventyfour!
Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)
Heisasleep.(形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(从句)
常见的系动词有:
be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉).
Itsoundsagoodidea.
Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.
Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.
NowIfeeltired.
(四)宾语(O):
表示动作的对象或承受者。
1.动作的承受者——动宾
IlikeChina.(名词)
Hehatesyou.(代词)
—Howmanydoyouneed?
—Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.(the+形容词表示一类人)
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(从句)
2.介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
(名词)
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.(名词)
3.双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney.
(五)宾语补足语(OC):
对宾语的补充。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)
Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)
Don’tlethimdothat.(省略to的不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to的不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)
I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
[即时跟踪]
根据句子的五种基本类型:
①S+V+P ②S+V ③S+V+O ④S+V+IO+DO ⑤S+V+O+OC,完成1、2题
1.判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型
(1)IwatchedTVlastnight.③
(2)Welivehappilytogether.②
(3)Helentmehiscar.④
(4)Thefoodwentbad.①
(5)Wewatchedthemplayfootballyesterday.⑤
2.按要求转换基本句型,并保持句子意思基本不变
(1)Mr.LiuisourEnglishteacher.(用句型④)
→Mr.LiuteachesusEnglish.
(2)Hiseyesareblue.(用句型③)
→Hehasblueeyes.
(3)Sheisgoodatdancing.(用句型②)
→Shedanceswell.
(4)Ilikeapplebestofallthefruit.(用句型①)
→Appleismyfavouritefruit.
(5)Wethinkheisagoodman.(用句型⑤)
→Wethinkhimagoodman.
3.写出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
(1)Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.主语
(2)Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.谓语
(3)HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.宾语
(4)ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.谓语,主语
(5)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.主语,表语
(6)HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.形式宾语,真正的宾语
(7)Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
宾语(间宾+直宾)
(8)Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.形式主语,表语,宾补
(9)Henoticedamanentertheroom.宾补
(10)Theapplestastedsweet.表语
高考链接
Ⅰ.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)
1.Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.(2015·四川,短文改错)
去掉with
2.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015·陕西,短文改错)
well→good
3.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
They→There
4.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.(2014·辽宁,短文改错)
understanding→understand
5.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.(2014·陕西,短文改错)
want后加to
6.Iamawfullytired,butIknowI’llneverfallsleep.(2013·浙江,短文改错)
sleep→asleep
Ⅱ.按要求翻译下列简单句
1.野营在7月20号开始。
(S+V)(2015·北京,书面表达)
ThiscampwillopenonJuly20th.
2.作为一个外向的女孩,我和同学们相处融洽。
(S+V+O)(2015·陕西,书面表达)
Asanoutgoinggirl,Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.
3.最重要的是学会控制你的脾气,以便你不会做或说出令你后悔的事。
(S+V+P)(2014·安徽·书面表达)
Themostimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothatyoumaynotdoorsayanythingyou’llregret.
4.他们帮助我们更好地理解科学科目,激起我们对科学发现的好奇心。
(S+O+IO+DO)(2014·浙江,书面表达)
Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosityaboutscientificdiscoveries.
5.你的付出一定会使这件事情成为一个很大的成功。
(S+V+O+OC)(2014·辽宁,书面表达)
Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.
常用句式
1.I’mgreatlyhonouredto...
2.Ihavethehonourtospeak...
3.Onbehalfoftheteachersandstudents,...
4.Allofuswillbenefitfromit.=Itwillbenefitallofus.
5.IhopeProfessorDavidwillenjoyhisstayinChina.
典例展示
实现有效的沟通,建立良好的人际关系,不仅要善于言表,更要学会倾听。
请你根据下表中所提供的信息,写一篇题为“BeingaGoodListener”的英文演讲稿。
为何倾听
表示尊重,增进理解,建立良好的人际关系
谁来倾听
家长倾听孩子
理解孩子,消除代沟,……
老师倾听学生
了解学生,满足需求,……
同学相互倾听
增进友谊,互帮互学,……
怎样倾听
(联系实际,自己拟定内容,列举两至三点)
注意:
1.对所给要点,逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译;
2.词数100左右;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
4.演讲稿中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
Goodafternoon,everyone!
Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”.
Thankyouforyourlistening!
联想词汇
1.表示尊重showrespect
2.增进理解promoteunderstanding
3.改善人际关系improveinterpersonalrelationship
4.消除代沟narrowthegenerationgap
5.相互学习learnfromeachother
佳作背诵
Goodafternoon,everyone!
Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”.
Goodlisteningcanalwaysshowrespect,promoteunderstanding,andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.
Manypeoplesuggestthatparentsshouldlistenmoretotheirchildren,sotheywillunderstandthembetter,andfinditeasytonarrowthegenerationgap;teachersshouldlistenmoretotheirstudents,thentheycanmeettheirneedsbetter,andplacethemselvesinagoodrelationshipwiththeirstudents;studentsshouldlistenmoretotheirclassmates,thustheywillhelpandlearnfromeachother,andafriendshipislikelytobeformed.
WhatIwanttostressisthateachofusshouldlistenmoretoothers.Showyourrespectandneverstopotherstilltheyfinishtheirtalk;showyouareinterestedbyasupportivesilenceoraknowingsmile;beopenmindedtodifferentopinionseventhoughyoudon’tlikethem.Inaword,goodlisteningcanreallyenableustogetclosertoeachother.
Thankyouforyourlistening!
Ⅰ.写出下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
主语+系动词+表语
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.
形式主语it+系动词+表语+真正主语
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
主语+谓语+宾语
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正宾语
7.Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
主语+谓语+宾语
8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
主语+系动词+表语
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.Itisveryimportantforustohaveourdreams.
拥有我们自己的梦想很重要。
12.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.
我们已读完这本书。
13.IthinkitnecessarytolearnEnglishwell.
我认为有必要学好英语。
14.WemadeTommonitorofourclass.
我们让汤姆当我们的班长。
15.Ourfavouritesportisplayingfootball.
我们最喜欢的运动是踢足球。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
TOEFLstandsforTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage,whichassessestheproficiency(熟练)ofEnglishlanguageofapersoninanacademicsetting.Variousinstitutions,scholarshipprogramsrequirethistestasatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofaperson’sabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.
TOEFLisavailableinCBT—ComputerbasedTechnology,PBT—PaperbasedTechnologyandIBT—InternetbasedTestformats(形式)toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishlanguage.IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections:
Reading,Listening,SpeakingandWriting.InareaswhereInternetbasedtestisnotavailable,apaperbasedtest(PBT)isgiven.PBTisathreehourtestcomprisingfoursections:
Listening,StructureandWrittenExpression,ReadingComprehensionandWriting.
TakingTOEFLtestopensmanydoorstogetadmissioninforeignuniversities.Morethan7,500colleges,universitiesandagenciesinmorethan130countriesrelyonTOEFLtestscorestocheckproficiencyforEnglishlanguage.Itisveryconvenienttotakethistestanditisavailablein165countriesworldwide.
Itmeasuresyouracademicskillsthatwhetheryouarereadytostudyortrainatundergraduateorpostgraduatelevelinforeignuniversitiesornot.Inthetestcandidatesareprovidedwithapassagefromtextbooksandquestionsbasedonlectures,andyoucanbeaskedtospeakorwriteinresponserelatedtothatpassage.
Asthetestismadeupof100%academicquestions,somanyuniversitiesconsideritthemosteffectivetest,whiletakinganyadmission.TotakeTOEFLtestyoushould:
—Improveyourwritingskills;
—Improveyourvocabulary;
—PracticeotherreadingpassagesontheTOEFLtest;
—Befamiliarwiththeformatofthetest;
—PracticeforlisteningtestontheTOEFLtest.
TotakeadmissioninWorld’sfamousHarvardUniversity,theminimumTOEFLscorerequiredis587onthepaperbasedtest,240onthecomputerbasedtest,or94-95ontheInternetbasedTOEFL.
16.Theunderlinedword“comprising”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.
A.includingB.forming
C.combiningD.explaining
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
根据划线词所在句中的“Reading,Listening,SpeakingandWriting.”可知,此处指的是托福考试包括听、说、读、写四个部分。
故选A。
17.WhichsectionisNOTincludedinIBTTOEFL?
A.Reading.
B.Writing.
C.Speaking.
D.StructureandWrittenExpression.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句“IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections:
Reading,Listening,SpeakingandWriting.”可知托福考试中没有“StructureandWrittenExpression”这个内容,故选D。
18.Accordingtothepassage,manystudentsarerequiredtotakeTOEFLtestprobablybecausethetestcan.
A.improvetheiracademicskills
B.indicatetheirproficiencyofEnglishlanguage
C.providescholarshipprogramsinmanycountries
D.decidetheirgraduationfromforeignuniversities
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句中的“...asatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofaperson’sabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.”和第二段第一句中的“...toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishLanguage.”可知,托福考试能够评估人们运用英语的熟练程度。
故选B。
19.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.AdvantagesofTOEFLTest
B.PreparationsforTOEFLTest
C.IntroductiontoTOEFLTest