1、学年高中英语Unit1LearningStrategiesandHabitsPeriodThreeGrammar练习Period Three Grammar & Writing语法精析一、简单句的五种基本类型(一)主语不及物动词(SV)不能直接加宾语的动词叫做不及物动词。例如:Thebabylaughs.Thechildrenareswimming.(二)主语及物动词宾语(SVO)后面跟宾语意思才完整的动词是及物动词。名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式都可以做宾语。例如:Theworkersmademachines.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(三)主语系
2、动词表语(SVP)常见的系动词有:get,be,turn,look,smell,taste,sound,become等。表语是英语中的一种特殊成分,常跟在连系动词后面。表语一般由名词或形容词等充当。例如:Hebecameangry.Mymotherisateacher.(四)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语(SVIODO)有些及物动词可以有两个(双)宾语,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,合称为双宾语。如把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前,间接宾语前要加介词to或者for。1与介词to连用的动词主要有:give,bring,lend,pass,show,teach,tell,take,sen
3、d等。例如:Hegavemearuler.Hegavearulertome.2与介词for连用的动词主要有:buy,cook,do,find,get,leave,make,play等。例如:Mymotherboughtonebeautifulbirthdaypresentforme.Mymotherboughtmeabeautifulbirthdaypresent.注意:如果直接宾语是人称代词时,必须将其置于间接宾语之前。【误】Ineedsomesalt.Passmeit,please.【正】Ineedsomesalt.Passittome,please.(五)主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语(SV
4、OOC)宾语宾语补足语叫做复合宾语,跟宾语补足语的常有以下几类词:1后面一般跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,get,order,tell,want,wish,allow等。例如:Ourteachertoldustocomeearlytomorrow.2后面一般跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:四“看”:see,watch,lookat,notice;三“使役”:let,have,make;二“听”:hear,listento;一“感觉”:feel等。例如:Didyouseehimcomein?二、句子成分(一)主语(S):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast
5、.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语)(二)谓语(V):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.(实义动词)Heisasleep.(系动词)(三)表语(P):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisa
6、teacher.(名词)Seventyfour!Youdontlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.” (不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(从句)常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),
7、taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(四)宾语(O):表示动作的对象或承受者。1动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.(the形容词表示一类人)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)I
8、hopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? (从句)2介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?(名词)Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.(名词)3双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.(五)宾语补足语(OC):对宾语的补充。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.(名词)Wewillmakethemhapp
9、y.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Dontlethimdothat.(省略to的不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to的不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)Illhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)即时跟踪根据句子的五种基本类型:SVPSVSVOSVIODOSVOOC,完成1、2题1判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型(1)IwatchedTVlastnight.(2)Welivehappilytogethe
10、r.(3)Helentmehiscar.(4)Thefoodwentbad.(5)Wewatchedthemplayfootballyesterday.2按要求转换基本句型,并保持句子意思基本不变(1)Mr.LiuisourEnglishteacher.(用句型)Mr.LiuteachesusEnglish.(2)Hiseyesareblue.(用句型)Hehasblueeyes.(3)Sheisgoodatdancing.(用句型)Shedanceswell.(4)Ilikeapplebestofallthefruit.(用句型)Appleismyfavouritefruit.(5)Weth
11、inkheisagoodman.(用句型)Wethinkhimagoodman.3写出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分(1)Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.主语(2)Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.谓语(3)HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.宾语(4)ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.谓语,主语(5)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.主语,表语(6)HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.形式宾语,真
12、正的宾语(7)Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?宾语(间宾直宾)(8)Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.形式主语,表语,宾补(9)Henoticedamanentertheroom.宾补(10)Theapplestastedsweet.表语高考链接.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)1Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.(2015四川,短文改错)去掉with2Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015陕西,短文改错)wellgood3Theyare
13、threelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.(2014新课标全国,短文改错)TheyThere4Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014辽宁,短文改错)understandingunderstand5Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.(2014陕西,短文改错)want后加to6Iamawfullytired,butIknowIllneverfallsleep.(2013浙江,短文改错)sleepasle
14、ep.按要求翻译下列简单句1野营在7月20号开始。(SV)(2015北京,书面表达)ThiscampwillopenonJuly20th.2作为一个外向的女孩,我和同学们相处融洽。(SVO)(2015陕西,书面表达)Asanoutgoinggirl,Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.3最重要的是学会控制你的脾气,以便你不会做或说出令你后悔的事。(SVP)(2014安徽书面表达)Themostimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothatyoumaynotdoorsayanythingyoullregret.4他们帮助我
15、们更好地理解科学科目,激起我们对科学发现的好奇心。(SOIODO)(2014浙江,书面表达)Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosityaboutscientificdiscoveries.5你的付出一定会使这件事情成为一个很大的成功。(SVOOC)(2014辽宁,书面表达)Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.常用句式1Imgreatlyhonouredto.2Ihavethehonourtospeak.3Onbehalfoftheteache
16、rsandstudents,.4Allofuswillbenefitfromit.Itwillbenefitallofus.5IhopeProfessorDavidwillenjoyhisstayinChina.典例展示实现有效的沟通,建立良好的人际关系,不仅要善于言表,更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息,写一篇题为“BeingaGoodListener”的英文演讲稿。为何倾听表示尊重,增进理解,建立良好的人际关系谁来倾听家长倾听孩子理解孩子,消除代沟,老师倾听学生了解学生,满足需求,同学相互倾听增进友谊,互帮互学,怎样倾听(联系实际,自己拟定内容,列举两至三点)注意:1.对所给要点,逐
17、一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译;2词数100左右;3开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;4演讲稿中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。Goodafternoon,everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”Thankyouforyourlistening!联想词汇1表示尊重showrespect2增进理解promoteunderstanding3改善人际关系improveinterpersonalrelationship4消除代沟narrowthegenerationgap5相互学习learnfromeachother佳作背诵Goodafte
18、rnoon,everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”Goodlisteningcanalwaysshowrespect,promoteunderstanding,andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.Manypeoplesuggestthatparentsshouldlistenmoretotheirchildren,sotheywillunderstandthembetter,andfinditeasytonarrowthegenerationgap;teachersshouldlisten
19、moretotheirstudents,thentheycanmeettheirneedsbetter,andplacethemselvesinagoodrelationshipwiththeirstudents;studentsshouldlistenmoretotheirclassmates,thustheywillhelpandlearnfromeachother,andafriendshipislikelytobeformed.WhatIwanttostressisthateachofusshouldlistenmoretoothers.Showyourrespectandnevers
20、topotherstilltheyfinishtheirtalk;showyouareinterestedbyasupportivesilenceoraknowingsmile;beopenmindedtodifferentopinionseventhoughyoudontlikethem.Inaword,goodlisteningcanreallyenableustogetclosertoeachother.Thankyouforyourlistening!.写出下列句子成分1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.主语系动词表语2Itisagreatpleasuretota
21、lkwithyou.形式主语it系动词表语真正主语3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语4Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5Hebrokeapieceofglass.主语谓语宾语6Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.主语谓语形式宾语it宾语补足语真正宾语7Iloveyoumorethanher,child.主语谓语宾语8Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.主语系动词表语9Theypushedthedooropen.主语谓语
22、宾语宾语补足语10Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语.完成句子11Itisveryimportantforustohaveourdreams.拥有我们自己的梦想很重要。12Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.我们已读完这本书。13IthinkitnecessarytolearnEnglishwell.我认为有必要学好英语。14WemadeTommonitorofourclass.我们让汤姆当我们的班长。15Ourfavouritesportisplayingfootball.我们最喜欢的运动是踢足球。
23、.阅读理解ATOEFLstandsforTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage,whichassessestheproficiency(熟练) ofEnglishlanguageofapersoninanacademicsetting.Variousinstitutions,scholarshipprogramsrequirethistestasatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofapersonsabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.TOEFLisavailableinCBTComputerbasedTechnology,
24、PBTPaperbasedTechnologyandIBTInternetbasedTestformats(形式) toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishlanguage.IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections: Reading,Listening,SpeakingandWriting.InareaswhereInternetbasedtestisnotavailable,apaperbasedtest(PBT) isgiven.PBTisathreehourtestcomprisingfoursections: Listen
25、ing,StructureandWrittenExpression,ReadingComprehensionandWriting.TakingTOEFLtestopensmanydoorstogetadmissioninforeignuniversities.Morethan7,500colleges,universitiesandagenciesinmorethan130countriesrelyonTOEFLtestscorestocheckproficiencyforEnglishlanguage.Itisveryconvenienttotakethistestanditisavaila
26、blein165countriesworldwide.Itmeasuresyouracademicskillsthatwhetheryouarereadytostudyortrainatundergraduateorpostgraduatelevelinforeignuniversitiesornot.Inthetestcandidatesareprovidedwithapassagefromtextbooksandquestionsbasedonlectures,andyoucanbeaskedtospeakorwriteinresponserelatedtothatpassage.Asth
27、etestismadeupof100%academicquestions,somanyuniversitiesconsideritthemosteffectivetest,whiletakinganyadmission.TotakeTOEFLtestyoushould:Improveyourwritingskills;Improveyourvocabulary;PracticeotherreadingpassagesontheTOEFLtest;Befamiliarwiththeformatofthetest;PracticeforlisteningtestontheTOEFLtest.Tot
28、akeadmissioninWorldsfamousHarvardUniversity,theminimumTOEFLscorerequiredis587onthepaperbasedtest,240onthecomputerbasedtest,or9495ontheInternetbasedTOEFL.16Theunderlinedword“comprising”inParagraph2probablymeans“”Aincluding BformingCcombining Dexplaining答案A解析词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“Reading,Listening,Speaking
29、andWriting.”可知,此处指的是托福考试包括听、说、读、写四个部分。故选A。17WhichsectionisNOTincludedinIBTTOEFL?AReading.BWriting.CSpeaking.DStructureandWrittenExpression.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections: Reading,Listening,SpeakingandWriting.”可知托福考试中没有“StructureandWrittenExpression”这个内容,故选D。18According
30、tothepassage,manystudentsarerequiredtotakeTOEFLtestprobablybecausethetestcan.AimprovetheiracademicskillsBindicatetheirproficiencyofEnglishlanguageCprovidescholarshipprogramsinmanycountriesDdecidetheirgraduationfromforeignuniversities答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“.asatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofapersonsabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.”和第二段第一句中的“.toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishLanguage.”可知,托福考试能够评估人们运用英语的熟练程度。故选B。19Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AAdvantagesofTOEFLTestBPreparationsforTOEFLTestCIntroductiontoTOEFLTest
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