07bsyy.docx

07bsyy.docx

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07bsyy

2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PartI.ReadingComprehension（60%）

Directions:

Inthispartofthetest,therearefourshortpassagesforyoutoread.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA）,B）,C）,orD）andmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheetI.

Passage1

WeliveinsouthernCaliforniagrowinggrapes,afirstgenerationofvintners,ourhomeadjacenttothevineyardsandthewinery.It’saveryprettyplace,andinordertoearnthemoneytorealizeourdreamofmakingwine,weworkedformanyyearsinabusinessthatdemandedseveralhouseholdmoves,anincredibleamountofrisk-takingandlongabsencesfrommyhusband.Whenitwastime,wetradedinouroldlife,cinchedupourbeltsandbeganthecreationofthewinery.

Wemakesmallamountsofpremiumwine,andourlivesaredictatedbytherhythmofnatureandthedemandsofthelivingvines.ThevinesstartsproutingtinygreentendrilsinMarchandApril,andthebabygrapesbegintoforminminiature,soperfectthattheycanbedippedingoldtoformjewelry.Thegrapesswellandripeninearlyfall,andwhentheirsugarcontentisattherightlevel,theyareharvestedcarefullybyhandandcrushedinsmalllots.Thewineisfermentedandtendeduntilitisreadytobebottled.Thevineyardsshedtheirleaves,thevinesareprunedandmadereadyforthedormantmonths---andthenextvintage.

Itsoundsnice,doesn’tit?

Livinginthecountry,ourdaysspentintheancientroutineofthevineyard,knowingthatthecourseofourlivesasvintnerswaschoreographedlongageandthatifwepracticeddiligently,ourwinewouldbegoodandwe’dbesuccessful.Fromthestartweknewtherewasapricefortheprivilegeofbecomingawine-makingfamily,connectedtothelandandthecapricesofnature.

Weworkhardatsomethingwelove,weareslowtopanicoverthedailyemergencies,wearenimbleatsolvingproblemsastheyarise.Somehazardstocompletingasuccessfulvintageareexpected:

rainjustbeforeharvestingcancausemold;electricityunexpectedlyinterruptedduringthecoldfermentationofwhitewinecandamageit;adelayedpaymentfromamajorclientwhenthemoneyisneeded.

Thereareoutsideinfluencesthatdisruptproductionandtakepatience,goodwillandperseverance.[Forexample]theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearmsregulateseveryfacetofthewinebusiness.Awinery’srecordsareauditedasoftenastwoorthreetimesayearandeverylabel---newlywrittenforeachyear’svintage---mustbeapproved.…

[But]Thegreatestthreattothewinery,andonethatalmostmadeusloseheart,cameoutofalawyer’simagination.Outlittlewinerywasservednoticethatwewerenamedinalawsuitaccusingusofendangeringthepublichealthbyusingleadfoilsonourbottles（itwastheonlymaterialuseduntilrecently）“withoutwarningconsumersofapossiblerisk.”Thereitwas,ourwinery’snamelistedwiththeindustry’sgiants.…

…Imusthaveaskedahundredtimes:

“Whogetsthemoneyifthelawsuitissuccessful?

”Theanswerwas,andIneverwasabletoassimilateit,theplaintiffsandtheirlawyerswhofiledthesuit!

Sincethelawsuitwasbroughtinbehalfofconsumers,itseemedtomethatconsumersmustgetsomethingifitwasprovedthataleadfoilwasdangeroustothem.Weweretoldoneofthetwoconsumerclaimantswasanemployeeofthefirmfilingthesuit!

Thereareattorneyswhofocustheircareersonlawsuitslikethis.Itisanimmensedangertothesmallbusinessman.Cashreservescanbeusedupintheblinkofaneyewheninthecompanyoflawyers.Aslongasit’spossibleforanyonetosueanybodyforanything,weareallindanger.Aslongasthelegalprofessionallowsmemberstopracticelawdishonorablyandlawyersarecongratulatedforwinningbigmoneyinthisway,we’llbeplaguedwithacorruptiblejusticesystem.

1.Thephrase“cinchedupourbelts”,inthefirstparagraph,suggeststhatthecouple

A.thoughtcreatingawinerywouldbebusy

B.woreclothingthatwastoobig

C.strappedtheirbelongingstogetherandmoved

D.preparedforthedifficultworkahead

2.Thegrapesareharvestedonadatethat

A.mayvary.

B.dependsontheapprovaloftheregulatorybureau.

C.istraditionallyset.

D.isdeterminedbyavailabilityofpickers.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thelifeofvintnersismostcontrolledby

A.theBureauofAlcohol,TobaccoandFirearms.

B.unexpectedchangesintemperature.

C.thesugarcontentofthegrapes.

D.thetempooftheseasons.

4.Thewritercomplainsthatwhenshequestionedthelawyersshe

A.nevergottheanswer.

B.nevergotasimpleanswer.

C.couldmakenosenseoftheanswershegot.

D.couldnotunderstandtheanswershegot.

5.Thewriterthinksthatthelegalprofession

A.strivestoprotectconsumers.

B.doesagoodjobofpolicingitsmembers.

C.ispartofanincorruptiblesystem.

D.includesrapaciousattorneys.

Passage2

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,whichthegatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightbe（thoughpracticallyitneveris）asadvantageousforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassenger,thepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland---forthepoorofallcountries---iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butitmattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow;thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticsasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

6.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe

A.1960’sintheUnitedStates

B.earlydaysofBritishindustrialization

C.18th-centuryFrance

D.EnglandofKingArthur

7.Accordingtothepassage,theindividualshouldbeparticularlyconcernedwith

A.howmuchwealthhecanaccumulate

B.theacquisitionoflandpropertyratherthanmoney

C.chargingthecustomerafairprice

D.thequalityofgoodswhichhepurchaseswithhisfunds

8.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor

A.equatestherichwiththethief

B.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen

C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings

D.saysthattherobberisabenefactor

9.Thepassageimpliesthat

A.“Astitchintimesavesnine”.

B.“Itisbetterlatethannever.”

C.“Nonebutthebravedeservethefair.”

D.“All’swellthatendswell.”

10.Whatisthe“mainquestionforthepoor”referredtobytheauthorinthepassage?

A.theusetowhichthelaborercanputhismoney

B.themethodsbywhichcapitalmaybeaccumulated

C.theresultsoftheirworkandtheirlackofauthoritytodeterminetowhatendstheirworkshallbeput

D.whetherfullmeasuresofrecompenseshallbeaccordedtothelaboringpersonfortheinvestmentofhistimeinworthywork

11.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,whichofthefollowingshouldpeoplebedoingwithhappiness?

A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweapons

B.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplant

C.waitingtablesforarichman

D.helpingapoormandohisjob

Passage3

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbediscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingprogram,manuscriptwriting,anddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearaswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendr