职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析1完整篇doc.docx
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职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析1完整篇doc
2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析1
BreastCancerDeathsRecordLow
Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12,000ayearforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan.
TheCancerResearchUKdatashowedthat11,990womendiedintheUKin2007.
Thepreviouslowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971-theyearrecordsbegan-afterwhichitrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.
ProfessorPeterJohnson,CancerResearchUK'schiefclinician,said,It'sincrediblyencoura-gingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimeinthelast40years,despitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften.
Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleadingtoimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease.
"TheintroductionoftheNHS(国民保健制度)breastscreeningprogramhasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercancerisdiagnosed."
BreastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerintheUKwith45,500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a50%risein25years.
Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989,when15,625womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004.
Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwovearsoffalls.
DrSarahCant,policymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer,said,"Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerandhighlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatments,breastscreeningandawarenessofthedisease.
"However,thisisstilltoomanywomenandincidence(发生率)ofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear."
Therisingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactorsincludingobesity(肥胖)andalcoholconsumption.
1.11,990womendiedfrombreastcancerintheUKin2007.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
2.BreastcancerdeathsbegantoberecordedintheUKin1971.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
3.TherateofbreastcancerdiagnosisintheUKhasbeendropping.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
4.Breastcancercancomeback10yearsafteryouwerefirstdiagnosed.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
5.BreastcancerismorecommonintheUKthaninmanyothercountries.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
6.FewerwomendiedfrombreastcancerintheUKin2005thanin2004.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
7.Obesityandalcoholconsumptionmayalsoleadtosomeotherdiseases.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案:
1.A[解析]在英国,2007年有11,990名女士死于乳腺癌。
根据第二段:
TheCancerResearchUKdatashowedthat11.990womendiedintheUKin2007.英国癌症研究中心的数据显示,2007年英国妇女的死亡人数是11,990。
虽然没有专门强调这一死亡人数是由于乳腺癌而死亡,不过根据句子中的CancerResearch和第一段的内容推断这里即乳腺癌患者的死亡人数。
因此该论断是正确的。
2.A[解析]在英国,乳腺癌患者的死亡率统计是从1971年开始的。
根据文章第三段中:
Thepreviouslowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971-theyearrecordsbegan…。
先前的最低点是在1971年,即开始做该统计的那一年。
由此得知该论断是正确的。
3.B[解析]在英国被诊断为乳腺癌的比例一直在降低。
根据第四段:
-despitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften。
…尽管被诊断为乳腺癌的病例越来越常见。
由此可知该论断是错误的。
4.C[解析]该论断文章中未提及。
5.C[解析]该论断文章中未提及。
6.B[解析]2005年死于乳腺癌的患者少于2004年。
根据倒数第四段中:
Therewasaslightrisein2005。
2005年人数轻微上升。
由此可以推断该论断是错误的。
7.C[解析]最后一段说obesity(肥胖)andalcoholconsumption是诱发乳腺癌的原因之一,但并未提及其他疾病,因此选C。
putdownto的意思是"归因于"。
2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析2
Parkinson'sDisease
1Parkinson'sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normally,thesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine.Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson's,thesenervecellsbreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.
2Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecauses,includingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson'sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofar,thereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.
3'rremormaybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthedisease,althoughnoteveryonehasit.Moreimportantly,noteveryonewithatremorhasParkinson'sdisease.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.Intime,Parkinson'saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody,soitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation.Inthelaterstagesofthedisease,apersonwithParkinson'smayhaveafixedorblankexpression,troublespeaking,andotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills(dementia).
4Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson'sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.
1.ParagraphI_____________.
2.Paragraph2_____________.
3.Paragraph3_____________.
4.Paragraph4_____________.
A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease
B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease
C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease
D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease
E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease
F.DefinitionofParkinson'sDisease
5.You'IIfindithardtomovethewayyouwantto_____________.
6.Alotofresearchisbeingdonetofindou_____________t.
7.OneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson'sistremor_____________.
8.ApersonwithParkinson'shastolearntolivewiththedisease,_____________.
A.ifthereisn'tenoughdopaminemyourbody
B.whataffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody
C.whichcannotbecuredyet
D.ifyouhaveafixedorblankexpression
E.whichmaybethefirstsymptomyounotice
F.whatcausesParkinson'sdisease
参考答案及译文:
帕金森氏综合征
帕金森氏综合征会影响你行动的方式。
当大脑的某些神经细胞出现问题时,这种疾病就会爆发。
正常情况下,这些神经细胞会产生一种叫多巴胺的重要的化学物质。
多巴胺会向你的大脑中控制行为的部分发出信号。
它使你的肌肉能活动自如,做你想做的事。
一旦你患上帕金森氏综合征,这些神经细胞就会出问题。
接着,你不再有足够的多巴胺,并开始行动困难。
没人知道什么促使这些神经细胞出现问题。
但是,科学家们做了很多研究来寻找答案。
他们研究了很多可能的病因,包括年龄老化和环境污染。
在某些人身上,似乎是不正常的基因导致了帕金森氏综合征的发病。
但是目前没有足够的证据表明它是遗传的。
颤抖可能是你注意到的第一个症状。
虽然并不是每一位患者都有这种症状,但是它是这种疾病最常见的表现之一。
更重要的是,并不是每一个颤抖的人都患有帕金森氏综合征。
颤抖往往从一条胳膊,一条腿或身体的一侧开始。
这种情况在你醒着但是没有移动受影响的胳膊或者腿时更严重些。
但是当你移动肢体或睡眠时情况会有所缓和。
不久,帕金森氏综合征会影响你的全身肌肉,导致吞咽困难及便秘。
在疾病后期,患这种病的人可能会有表情僵化,言语困难及其他一些问题。
一些患者也会思维退化。
现在还没有办法治愈帕金森氏综合征。
但是有几种药物能控制症状并让患者好受些。
如果你的症状很轻微的话,你可能根本不需要治疗。
直到你的症状影响到你的日常生活方式时,医生才会给你开药。
伴随着你的症状的恶化,医生将会调整用药。
为了得到的疗效你得吃几种药
1.F[解析]第一段的大意即:
什么是帕金森综合征?
因此选F。
2.E[解析]第二段的大意即:
什么原因导致帕金森症?
因此选E。
3.D[解析]第三段的大意即:
帕金森综合征的典型症状是什么?
因此选D。
4.B[解析]第四段的大意即:
如何治疗帕金森症?
因此选B。
5.A[解析]如果你的体内没有足够多的多巴胺,那么你会发现活动起来有困难。
根据第一段最后一句:
Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.因此选A。
6.F[解析]人们正在进行大量的研究来发现导致帕金森综合征的原因。
根据第二段前三句话及后面提到的aging,poisonsinenvironment等可推断应选F。
7.E[解析]帕金森症最主要的一个症状就是颤抖,颤抖也可能是你注意到的最初症状。
根据是第三段的第一句话:
Tremormaybethefirstsymptomyounotice.可知E正确。
8.C[解析]得了帕金森症的病人必须要学会适应这种疾病,因为这还是一种不治之症。
根据文章第四段第一句:
Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson'sdisease.可知应选C。
2017职称英语卫生类B试题及答案解析3
HumanHeartCanMakeNewCells
Solvingalongstandingmystery,scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheartcontinuestogeneratenewcardiaccellsthroughoutthelifespan,althoughtherateofnewcellproductionslowswithage.
Thefinding,publishedintheApril3issueofScience,couldopenanewpathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheartfailureandheartattack,expertssay.
"Wefindthatthebeatingcellsintheheart,cardiomyocytes,arerenewed,"saidleadresearcherDr.JonasFrisen,aprofessorofstemcellresearchattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,Sweden."Ithaspreviouslynotbeenknownwhetherwewerelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebomwithoriftheycouldberenewed."hesaid.
Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschangesovertime,Frisenadded.Ina20-year-old,about1percentofcardiomyocytesareexchangedeachyear,buttheturnoverratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45percentbyage75.
"Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationofnewcardiomyocytesisregulated,itmaybepotentiallypossibletodeveloppharmaceuticalsthatpromotethisprocesstostimulateregenerationafterforexample,aheartattack,"Frisensaid.
Thatcouldleadtotreatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.
"Alotofpeoplesufferfromchronicheartfailure,"notedco-authorDr.RatanBhardwaj.
RatanBhardwaj,alsofromtheKarolinskaInstitute."Chronicheartfailurearisesfromheartcellsdying,"hesaid.
Withthisfinding,scientistsare"openingthedoortopotentialtherapiestohavingourselveshealourselves,"Bhardwajsaid."Maybeonecoulddeviseapharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmakeheartcellsmakenewandmorecellstoovercometheproblemtheyarefacing."
Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwaj,scientistsdonotyetknowhowtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplacecellsfasterthantheyaredyingoff,especiallyinolderpatientswithheartfailure.Inaddition,thenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimatedusinghealthyhearts-whethertherateofcelltumoverindiseasedheartsisthesameremainsunknown.
1.Thehumanheartstopsproducingcardiaccells
A.whenapersonbecomesold
B.assoonasapersongetssick
C.immediatelyafterapersonisborn
D.onceapersondies
2.Thefindingcouldprovetobeusefulto
A.theanalysisofcardiaccells
B.thepreventio