考研英语一真题.docx

考研英语一真题.docx

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考研英语一真题

　　　Text1

　　Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

　　Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:

WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

　　Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

　　Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

　　ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:

EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

　　Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

　　TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

　　21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto____

　　[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

　　[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

　　[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

　　[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

　　22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

　　[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

　　[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

　　[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

　　[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

　　23.Theword“expedited”（Liner4,Para.5）isclosetinmeaningto____

　　[A]quieter.

　　[B]cheaper.

　　[C]wider.

　　[D]faster.

　　24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis____

　　[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

　　[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

　　[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

　　[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

　　　　25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?

　　[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

　　[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

　　[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

　　[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

　　Text2

　　“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）,agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

　　AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

　　OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

　　Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

　　Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

　　TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

　　26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates____

　　[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

　　[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

　　[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

　　[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.

　27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto____

　[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.

　　[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

　[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

　　28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause____

　　[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

　　[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

　　[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

　　[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

　　29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy____

　　[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

　　[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

　　[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

　　[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.

　　30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof____

　　[A]severecriticism.

　　[B]passiveacceptance.

　　[C]slighthesitancy.

　　[D]fullapproval.

　　Text3

　　RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

　　ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternWorld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsosowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

　　Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDRover40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamorerounded assessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

　　Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety;incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

　　Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:

WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

　　SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalequalityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

　　Thesharphitt