通信工程专业英语自学报告.docx
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通信工程专业英语自学报告
UNIT 1
1. NOTES
(1) Developments in computer technology and related software have
provided the engineer with tools of increasing power and
sophistication which have significant implications for the use and
role of mathematics in engineering practice.
译文:
计算机技术及其相关软件的发展为工程技术人员提供了功能
强大且日趋完善的工具,使数学应用于工程实践并发挥着重
要作用。
分析:
此句中 which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句,have
implication for……表示“暗示”。
(2)If engineers are to take full advantage of sophisticated
computational tools then it is essential that they become
effective at mathematical modelling and discriminating,
intelligent and wary users of packaged software and other aids
to computational modelling.
译文:
如想充分利用这些复杂的计算工具,工程技术人员必须熟
悉数学建模,能区别各种软件包及其他计算建模辅助工具,
并能灵活运用。
分析:
由 that 引导的主语从句(it 是形式主语)中 become 做谓语,
后接两个并列成分 effectiveat…和…usersof…,其中
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discriminating,intelligent 及 wary 均修饰 users。
(3)There is little doubt that a high degree of fluency in the
manipulation of mathematical expressions will always be
required ,for without this there can be real understanding.
译文:
毫无疑问,学生必须熟练运用数学公式,否则就不能有真
正意义上的理解。
分析:
本句中 for 表示原因,manipulation 原意为“操纵,控制”,
这里转译为“运用”。
2.Grammer
(1) 普遍使用名词词组及名词化结构,强调客观存在的事实而非某
一行为,故常使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词。
例 1 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving
objects by radio waves.
电视通过无线电波发射和接收移动物体的图像。
(2) 使用非限定动词,使句子简明。
例 2 The calculus ,aided by analytic geometry ,proved to be
astonishingly powerful and capable of attacking hosts of
problems that had been baffling and quite unassailable in
earlier days.
微积分辅以解析几何是一个非常强大的工具,能够解决许多
困扰已久甚至以前以为无法解决的问题。
(3)较常使用“无生命主语+及物动词+宾语”句型。
2
例 3 Chapter 6 provides a basic introduction to the ideas of
sequences ,series and limits.
第六章介绍序列,级数及极限等基本概念。
(4)常用 it 做形式主语或形式宾语。
例 4 It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to
flow in opposition to the force producing it.
已经证明,感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向
相反。
UNIT 2
1.NOTES
(1) This concept of probability is of an objective quantity that
applies to each observation and measures (in a relative
way)how likely it is to fall into the corresponding class.
译文:
概率的这种定义是客观的,它应用于每次观测,并以一种
相对的方式度量其结果归入相应类别的可能性。
分析:
“beof…”这种结构用来表示人或物的特征,通常译为
“具有……”。
(2) It seems that one is forced into a subjective view of the
uncertainties, but the probability figures that emerge must
obey certain rules in order to be consistent.
译文:
看来,人们对这种不确定性陷入了自己的主观判断中,但
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是由此产生的概率必须遵循某些准则以保持一致性。
分析:
“that emerge”是定语从句,修饰先行词 figures。
(3) For engineering students it is most appropriate to keep the first
interpretation-that of probability as an idealized proportion-in
mind when studying the theory.
译文:
对于工科学生,学习概率论时应谨记,概率就是理想的比
例。
分析:
“thatof…”补充说明 interpretation,that 即指
interpretation,它们将 keep…in mind 分隔。
2.Grammer
(1)复合法(Composition)
复合法是由两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列,以构
成新词。
多数复合词可通过其组成部分猜测词意。
例 1 Trial and error(反复试验)Q-factor(品质因子)
Allowable error(允许误差)overestimate(高估)
State-of-the-art(达到最新技术发展水平)
(2)转化法(Conversion)
转换法即单词词性转换,词性转换后其意义就与原意有着密切
联系,如 function,sound 等单词。
有些词还会发生音变,如
use,record 等或者音移,如 increase,research,subject 等。
(3) 拼缀法(Blending)
拼缀法以原有的两个或两个以上的词为基础,经过首尾剪裁
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(或保留其中一个原词),重新组合而成,是复合词的缩略形
式,如 transisitor(晶体管)=transfer+resistor,modem(调制解调
器)由 modulator 和 demodulator 拼缀而成。
(4) 缩略法(Shorting)
缩略法是将几个单词的首字母以大写形式缩合到一起成为一个
新词。
该法多用于专有名词,利于记忆。
如(RAdio Detection
And Ranging,雷达),GPS(Global Positioning System,全球定位
系统)等。
随着电子信息及通信类专业技术日新月异的发展,不断有新的
专业词汇出现。
大多数新词都是使用上述四种方法构成,掌握
了基本词汇,运用构词知识,一方面可提高记忆效率,扩大词
汇量,另一方面还可以逆向利用构词知识分解单词,了解单词
的来历及新添含义,消除阅读障碍。
UNIT 3
1.NOTES
(1) Frequency response will be flat and bandwidth infinite because
AC will be simply a rapidly varying DC level to the ideal
amplifier.
译文:
对于理想放大器而言,交流不过是快速变化的直流,所以
其频率响应是一条水平直线,带宽无限。
分析:
bandwidth 后省略 will be。
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(2) AN important by-product of these properties of the ideal
operational amplifier is that the summing point , the inverting input,
will conduct no current to the amplifier.
译文:
由理想运放的特性可以得出一个很重要的结论,即放大器的
反相输入端无电流流过。
分析:
the inverting input 是 the summing point 的同位语,表示相同
的意思,翻译时可以省略。
(3) In control and instrumentation applications, its practical value lies
in the ease with which desired input impedance and gain values
can be tailored to fit the requirements of the associated circuitry.
译文:
在控制和仪器仪表应用中,反向放大器的实用价值在于,利
用它可以很容易地调整所需的输入阻抗和增益值以适应相
关电路的要求。
分析:
lie in 表示原因,the ease with which…中的 which 指代
ease,with ease 等效于 easily。
2.Grammer
(1)数字的表示
科技文章中,数字频繁出现,用阿拉伯数字比用单词陈述
更有利。
但出现下述情形时须遵循约定俗成的规则:
用单
词表示不定数量或近似值:
句首不用阿拉伯数字,一般用
英语的单词,句末要尽量避免阿拉伯数字:
两数连用时,
分别用单词和阿拉伯数字表示,习惯上短的用单词表示。
6
例 1 Phase shift is 180°。
相移为 180°。
例 2 The gain of the voltage follower with the feedback loop closed is
unity.
电压跟随器的闭环增益为 1.
(2)不确定数字的表示
例 3 大约,左右等常用 about/some/approximately/of the order
of/more or less/or so 等词。
多于,常用 over/above/more than/in excess of 等词。
少于,常用 less than/under/below/close to 等词。
(3)习惯短语
例 4 The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to
the ratio of its voltage to the current through this section of the
circuit.
电路中某部分的电阻等于它两端的电压与流过该部分电路的
电流的比值。
(4)倍数增减
例 5 The production of ICs has been increased to three times as
compared with last year.
UNIT 9
1.NOTES
7
(1) The radio frequency communications between a patient worn
transmitter and central care station for WMTS are divided into
three bands.
译文:
在无线医疗遥测服务中,将携带发射器的病人和监护中心
之间的射频通信分为三个频段。
分析:
wore 为 wear 的过去分词,与 transmitter 一起做定语修饰
patient。
(2) The field pattern of such antennas is similar to that of an
infinitesimal dipole with a null perpendicular to the plane of
the loop and with its maximum along the plane of the loop.
译文:
这类天线的场方向图与无限小偶极子的方向图相似,其零
点垂直于环平面,而最大值则沿环平面方向。
分析:
两个 with 结构作 that 指代的宾语 field pattern 的补足语。
(3) It is very difficult to determine the absorption of
electromagnetic power radiated from an implanted source
by the human body.
译文:
很难确定人体对植入源发射的电磁能量的吸收程度。
分析:
介词 by 与 absorption 相连。
2.Grammer
(1)时间状语从句
Once the analog signal is distorted, the distortion cannot be
removed by amplification.
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一旦模拟信号产生失真,该失真也无法通过放大器消除。
(2)地点状语从句
Communication systems are found wherever information is to be
transmitted from one point to another.
哪里需要把信息从一地传到另一地,哪里就有通信系统。
(3)条件状语从句
The output of a NAND-gate, however , stays high unless all its
inputs are high.
然而一个与非门的输出总是高电平,除非它所有输入均为高
电平。
(4)原因状语从句
Since fat has a lower permittivity than muscle, the E-field in the
fat tissue is higher.
由于脂肪的介电常数低于肌肉,所以脂肪组织中的电场会
更强。
(5)方式状语从句
It acts as if it had a resistance associated with it.
它工作起来就好像有一个电阻与它连在一起似的。
UNIT 11
1.NOTES
(1) Some discrete sources generate finite segments of symbols,
9
such as email messages, that are statistically unrelated to other
finite segments that might be generated at other times.
译文:
一些离散源产生的有限长符号段,如电子邮件消息,它们
在统计意义上是与其他时间所产生的有限长符号段无关。
(2)
(1) The radio frequency communications between a patient worn
Telephone Network (PSTN) and the internet have incredible
complexity, made up of an enormous variety of equipment
made by different manufacturers at different times following
different design principles.
译文:
大型通信系统,如公用电话交换网和 Internet,都是异常复
杂的,它们由大量的,由不同厂商在不同时期按照不同设
计原则设计出来的不同设备所构成。
分析:
made up of…是过去分词短语作定语,修饰 communication
system。
(3) The TCP and IP layers are also jointly responsible for congestion
control, which ultimately requires the ability to either reduce the
rate from sources as required or to simply drop sources that
cannot be handled.
译文:
TCP 层和 IP 层共同负责拥塞控制,最终要求它能够降低源
段速率或者简单地降至丢弃。
2.Grammer
(1)限制性定语从句
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Noise signals are any electrical signals that interfere with the error-
free reception of the message-bearing signal.
噪声信号可以是任何信号,它会干扰载有信息的正确接收。
(2)非限制性定语从句
A general approach, which includes sampling as a special case, is to
expand the source waveform into an orthonormal expansion and
use the coefficients of that expansion to represent the source
output.
一种常见的方法是,包括对采样的处理,就是把对信源波形进行
正交扩展,并且用扩展的系数表示信源输出。
(3)代词/名词+介词+which 从句
Direct current is an electric current the charges of which move in one
direction only.
直流电是电荷只向一个方向流动的电流。
UNIT 12
1.NOTES
(1) Connection with the old NodeB is broken before the new
connection is established with the new NodeB-for this reason
such handoffs are also known as break-before-make.
译文:
切换时用户先断开和旧的 NodeB 之间的链接,再与新的
NodeB 建立连接---因此,这样的切换也被称为先开后合。
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(2) The manner in which a garden rake eventually picks up debris off a
patch of grass resembles the way the RAKEs fingers work together
to recover multiple versions of a transmitters signal.
译文:
花圃中的耙的拾草方式与 Rake 接收机中各耙指协同工作以
恢复多路发送信号相似。
(3 ) The admission control is used in both uplink and downlink
because of the systems capability of serving different services
with different claims for capacity and quality.
译文:
由于能为申请了不同的容量和质量的业务提供服务,因此在
上行链路和下行链路中都是用准入控制。
2.Grammer
(1)虚拟语气用于 if 条件句
If we were to travel by space rocket to the moon we should find it
quite a different place from our own planet-the earth.
若我们乘宇宙飞船到月球上去旅行,将会发现,月球与我们
自己的星球-地球是完全不一样的。
(2)虚拟语气用于宾语从句
High efficiency implies that circuit loss be minimum and the radio
of the transistor output, the parallel equivalent resistance, and its
collector load resistance be maximum.
高效率意味着电路损耗应最小,而晶体管输出比、并联等效电
阻及集电极负载电阻应最大。
12
(3)虚拟语气用于状语从句
All magnets behave the same ,whether they be large or small.(表
示让步)
磁铁不论大小,其性质都是一样的。
(4) 虚拟语气用于定语从句
A computation which would have taken years of human work in
the past, in now done in a few seconds with the help of computers.
过去需要人工工作几年的运算,现在借助计算机几秒钟就完成
了。
UNIT 14
1.NOTES
(1) If an acknowledgment segment is not received before a
timeout period expires the segment is re-sent, overcoming
the problem of IP datagrams becoming lost in the network.
译文:
如果在超时期限之前没有收到确认信息,该信息就要重传,
以避免网络中 IP 数据包的丢失。
(2)Implementation of IP addressing is an important concern, along
with the addressing schemes that have been proposed since the
Internet was first devised.
译文:
自从互联网问世就提出寻址策略一样,如何实现 IP 寻址是需
要考虑的重要环节。
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(3)Each packet header contain