助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解.docx
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助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解
阅读理解(每题3分,共30分)--第一套
(一)
Bargainingingoodfaithisthecornerstoneofeffectivelabormanagementrelations.Itmeansthatbothpartiescommunicateandnegotiate.Itmeansthatproposalsarematchedwithcounterproposalsandthatbothpartiesmakeeveryreasonableefforttoarriveatanagreement.Itdoesnotmeanthateitherpartyiscompelledtoagreetoaproposal.Nordoesitrequirethateitherpartymakeanyspecificconcessions.
Whenisbargainingnotingoodfaith?
AsinterpretedbytheNLRBandthecourts,aviolationoftherequirementforgoodfaithbargainingmayincludethefollowing:
1.Surfacebargaining.Thisinvolvesmerelygoingthroughthemotionsofbargainingwithoutanyrealintentionofcompletingaformalagreement.
2.Concession.Althoughnooneisrequiredtomakeaconcession,thecourt’sandNLRB’sdefinitionsofgoodfaithsuggestthatawillingnesstocompromiseisanessentialingredientingoodfaithbargaining.
3.Proposalsanddemands.TheNLRBconsiderstheadvancementofproposalsasapositivefactorindeterminingoverallgoodfaith.
4.Dilatorytactics.Thelawrequiresthatthepartiesmeetand“conferatreasonabletimesandintervals”.Obviously,refusaltomeetatallwiththeuniondoesnotsatisfythepositivedutyimposedontheemployer.
5.Imposingconditions.Attemptstoimposeconditionsthataresoonerousorunreasonableastoindicatebadfaithwillbescrutinizedbytheboard.
6.Unilateralchangesinconditions.Thisisviewedasastrongindicationthattheemployerisnotbargainingwiththerequiredintentofreachinganagreement.
7.Bypassingtherepresentative.Anemployerviolatesitsdutytobargainwhenitrefusestonegotiatewiththeunionrepresentative.Thedutyofmanagementtobargainingoodfaithinvolves,ataminimum,recognitionthatthisstatutoryrepresentativeistheonewithwhomtheemployermustdealinconductingbargainingnegotiations.
8.Commissionofunfairlaborpracticesduringnegotiations.Suchpracticesmayreflectpoorlyuponthegoodfaithoftheguiltyparty.
9.Providinginformation.Informationmustbesuppliedtotheunion,uponrequest,toenableittounderstandandintelligentlydiscusstheissuesraisedinbargaining.
10.Bargainingitems.Refusaltobargainonamandatoryitem(onemustbargainoverthese)orinsistenceonapermissiveitem(onemaybargainoverthese)isusuallyviewedasbadfaithbargaining..
1.Bargainingingoodfaithdoesnotmeanthat.
A.bothpartiescommunicateandnegotiate
B.proposalsareinlinewithcounterproposals
C.bothpartiesmakegreatefforttoreachanagreement
D.eitherpartymustagreetoaproposal
2.AccordingtotheinterpretionoftheNLRBandthecourts,bargainingmaybeingoodfaithwhen.
A.Bothpartieshavenorealintentionofcompletingaformalagreement.
B.Bothpartiesarewillingtocompromise.
C.Employersrefusetomeetwiththeunion.
D.Bothpartiesattempttoimposeunreasonableconditions.
3.Whichofthefollowingisn’tapositivefactorindeterminingoverallgoodfaith?
.
A.awillingnesstocompromise
B.theadvancementofproposals
C.unilateralchangesinconditions
D.providinginformation
4.Fromthispassage,wecanconcludethat.
A.Itisn’tmandatorytomeetand“conferatreasonabletimesandintervals”forbothparties.
B.Employerscanrefusetonegotiatewiththeunionrepresentativeinordertobargainingoodfaith.
C.Commissionofunfairlaborpracticesduringnegotiationsmayreflectlittlegoodfaithoftheguiltyparty.
D.Insistenceonapermissiveitemcanbringbargainingingoodfaith.
5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.
A.whatisandwhenisnotbargainingingoodfaith
B.whatisbargainingingoodfaith
C.whenisnotbargainingingoodfaith
D.howtobargainingoodfaith
Answer:
1.D2.B3.C4.C5.A
(二)
Fewer18-to25-year-oldsareenteringtheworkforce;thishascausedmanyemployerstolookinto“harnessingAmerica’sgraypower”.Isitpracticalintermsofproductivitytokeepolderworkerson?
Theanswerseemsunequivocablytobe“yes”.Age-relatedchangesinphysicalability,cognitiveperformance,andpersonalityhavelittleeffectonworker’soutputexceptinthemostphysicallydemandingtasks.Similarly,creativeandintellectualachievementsdonotdeclinewithageandabsenteeismdropsasageincreases.Olderworkersalsousuallydisplaymorecompanyloyaltythanyouthfulworkers,tendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsandsupervision,andcanbetrainedorretrainedaseffectivelyasanyone.
RecruitingandattractingolderworkersgenerallyrequiresacomprehensiveHRretireeeffortbeforetherecruitingbegins.Theaimistomakethecompanyanattractiveplaceinwhichtheolderworkercanwork.Specifically:
Examineyourpersonnelpolicies.Checktomakesurepoliciesandproceduresdonotdiscouragerecruitmentofseniorsorencouragevaluableolderpeopletoleave.
Developflexibleworkoptions.Theseincludepart-time,shorter-than-30-hourworkweeks,consultingorseasonalwork,reducedhourswithreducedpay,andflextime.
Createorredesignsuitablejobs.AtXerox,unionizedhourlyworkersover55with15yearsofserviceandthoseover50with20yearsofservicecanbidonjobsatlowerstressandlowerpaylevelsiftheysodesire.
Offerorredesignsuitablejobs.Allowingemployeestopickandchooseamongbenefitoptionscanbeattractivetoolderaswellasyoungeremployees.
Asoneexpertputsit,torecruitolderworkers,themessagemustbetailoredtotheirwayofthinking.Appealingtojobqualitiestheyvaluewillattractattention.Theseincludeflexiblehours,flexiblebenefits,autonomy,opportunitytomeetnewfriends,andworkingwithpeopletheirownage.Youmightalsostressthatyouvaluetheirmaturityandexperience.
1.Whichoftheage-relatedchangeswillaffectworker’soutputexceptinthemostphysicallydemandingtasks?
.
A.physicalability
B.cognitiveperformance
C.personality
D.companyloyalty
2.“HarnessingAmerica’sgraypower,”meansthat.
A.keepingolderworkerson
B.recruiting18-to25-year-olds
C.attractingminorities
D.encouragingwomentoentertheworkforce
3.Inordertomakethecompanyanattractiveplaceinwhichtheolderworkercanwork,HRstaffshoulddothefollowingexcept.
A.examinethepersonnelpolicies
B.developflexibleworkoptions
C.rewardatlowerpaylevels
D.offerorredesignsuitablejobs
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisn’taflexibleworkoption?
.
A.shorter-than-30-hourworkweeks
B.full-time
C.seasonalwork
D.reducedhourswithreducedpay
5.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthat.
A.InAmerica,thereisnodeficitofworkforce.
B.Absenteeismispositivelyrelatedtoages.
C.Flexibleworkoptionscanbeattractivetoolderworkers.
D.Torecruitolderworkers,themessageneedn’tbeinaccordancewiththeirwayofthinking.
Answer:
1.D2.A3.C4.B5.C
阅读理解(每题3分,共30分)--第二套
(一)
Japanesemanagementgivesagreatdealofattentiontoorientationandtraining,whichisparticularlytrueinthecaseofregularemployees.Pre-employmenteducationgenerallystartsimmediatelyafterthepersonischosen.Thepurposeoftheprogramisto(a)familiarizethestudentwiththecompany;(b)monitortheperson’sactivities;(c)makethestudentcomfortablewiththecompany;(d)answerquestionsthepersonmighthave;and(e)providethenewhirerswithanybasicskillstrainingthecompanyfeelstheyrequire.
Theappraisalandcompensationsystemislong-terminorientationandisbasedonrewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboveranextendedperiodoftime.IntheUnitedStatesemployeescommonlyreceiveanannualappraisalthatindicateswhetherornottheyaredoingagoodjoband,ifnot,providesfeedbackrelatedtoimprovingperformanceorseekingemploymentelsewhere.InJapantheinitialappraisalistypicallygivenattheendofa7-10yearperiod.Atthispointthepersonlearnswhetherornotheorsheisgoingtobepromoteduptheranksofmanagementornot.Thosewhofailthisfirstmajorevaluationknowthattheirchancesofmakingthetopmanagementranksarevirtuallynil.
CompensationinJapanusedtobebasedheavilyonseniority,buttodaymeritisbecomingmoreimportant.Inmanyindustriestheannualraiseisinthe2-4percentrangeandoftenisbasedheavilyonmeritfactorssuchasattitude,ability,andcooperativeness.AnotherfeaturethatdistinguishestheJapanesesystemformmanyothersisthesemiannualbonusorwageallowance.Thisbonusisseparatefromtheannualwageincreaseand,usuallywithoutexception,ispaideveryyearregardlessofthestateoftheeconomy.Thebonusistypicallyequivalentto5-6months’salaryandispaidinmidsummerandattheendoftheyear.Otherformsofcompensationincludehousingallowances,dailylivingsupportfortransportation,meals,uniforms,healthcare,andculturalandrecreationalbenefits.
1.Thepurposesofpre-employmenteducationinJapandon’tinclude.
A.familiarizingthestudentwiththecompany
B.monitortheperson’sactivities
C.makethestudentcomfortablewiththecompany
D.providethenewhirerswithanyknowledgeandskills
2.TheappraisalandcompensationsysteminJapanisbasedon.
A.rewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboveranextendedperiodoftime
B.rewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboverayear
C.rewardingpeoplefordoinganyjoboveralongtime
D.rewardingpeoplefordoinganyjoboverayear
3.InJapantheinitialappraisalistypicallygivenattheendofa
yearperiod.
A.5-10
B.7-10
C.10-12
D.10-15
4.AboutcompensationinJapan,theauthorwoulddisagreethat.
A.CompensationinJapanarebasedheavilyonmerittoday.
B.Meri