我的ARGUMENT题库.docx

我的ARGUMENT题库.docx

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我的ARGUMENT题库

1.WovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha"Palean"basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfromPalea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.

1）.BrimRiverisverydeepandbroad，但这是现在的情况，不能说明几千年前也是如此；如果有可以证明当时地理环境的资料，可以证明那条河在Palea时期存在与否；可能当时大陆是联通的，不需要渡河

2）没有发现Palean的船不能说明不存在，考古学家有带继续证实。

同时，需要继续考察有没有大木头，工具等来证明他们具备造船技术的能力

3）Theargueronlyfocuson人运过去，也许basket是自己飘过去的，或者某个历史时期的大洪水等灾难将篮子带过去

2.Thefollowingappearedaspartofalettertotheeditorofascientificjournal.

"Arecentstudyofeighteenrhesusmonkeysprovidescluesastotheeffectsofbirthorderonanindividual'slevelsofstimulation.Thestudyshowedthatinstimulatingsituations（suchasanencounterwithanunfamiliarmonkey）,firstborninfantmonkeysproduceuptotwiceasmuchofthehormonecortisol,whichprimesthebodyforincreasedactivitylevels,asdotheiryoungersiblings.Firstbornhumansalsoproducerelativelyhighlevelsofcortisolinstimulatingsituations（suchasthereturnofaparentafteranabsence）.Thestudyalsofoundthatduringpregnancy,first-timemothermonkeyshadhigherlevelsofcortisolthandidthosewhohadhadseveraloffspring."

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeexplanationsthatcouldrivaltheproposedexplanationandexplainhowyourexplanation（s）canplausiblyaccountforthefactspresentedintheargument.

论点：

birthordercanaffectanindividual'slevelsofstimulation

1）.Maybeinsteadofbirthorder,it'ssomethingcommoninthethreeperiodoflife"firstbornmonkey","firsttimemother","firstbornhuman"decidethesecreteofhormonecortisol.

2）Hormonecortisol或许和特定年龄阶段相关。

比如说多胎的妈妈不分泌

3）Hormonecortisol分泌或许和情绪有关，只有再强烈感情刺激下才有效。

3.ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromaCentralPlazastoreowner.

"Overthepasttwoyears,thenumberofshoppersinCentralPlazahasbeensteadilydecreasingwhilethepopularityofskateboardinghasincreaseddramatically.ManyCentralPlazastoreownersbelievethatthedecreaseintheirbusinessisduetothenumberofskateboardusersintheplaza.Therehasalsobeenadramaticincreaseintheamountoflitterandvandalismthroughouttheplaza.Thus,werecommendthatthecityprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.Ifskateboardingisprohibitedhere,wepredictthatbusinessinCentralPlazawillreturntoitspreviouslyhighlevels."

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.

1）Theauthorunfairlyassumesthatitisthepresenceofskateboardersthatresultinthecurrentsituationoftheplaza.只有同时发生关系，并无因果关系。

很可能其他原因导致商铺减少：

经济萧条、周围有新的更好的购物区竞争、人们收入水平降低等等

2）同样，不能将乱扔垃圾追究于滑板，两者只有先后发生并无因果。

可能是大厦管理不善等问题。

3）TheauthorunfairlyassumesthatbanningskateboardinginCentralPlazawouldsufficetomaketheplazaanattractiveplace.（sufficiencyofthesolution）作者没有看到滑板运动的好处，比如为商家带来的人气（potentialcustomers），如果禁止，可能来的人更少。

4.Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromahomeownertoafriend.

"Ofthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtown—AdamsRealtyandFitchRealty—AdamsRealtyisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagents;incontrast,Fitchhas25,manyofwhomworkonlypart-time.Moreover,Adams'revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthatofFitchandincludedhomesalesthataveraged$168,000,comparedtoFitch's$144,000.HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:

tenyearsagoIlistedmyhomewithFitch,andittookmorethanfourmonthstosell;lastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,IlisteditwithAdams,andittookonlyonemonth.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandatagoodprice,youshoulduseAdamsRealty."

Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.

1）Theauthorprovidesnoevidencethatthequalityofarealestatecompanyisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofitsagentsorthenumberofhoursperweekthatitsagentswork.MaybeFitchcrewsaremoreeffective.

2）ThefactthattheaveragesalespriceofahomesoldbyAdamsishigherthantheaveragepriceofahomesoldbyFitchdoesnotindicatethatAdamsismoreeffectiveinsellinghomesthanFitch.（NCR）questionaboutthesurveymethod（根本没有交代怎么调查的）;Givethatit’strue,maybehousessoldinAdams,thelocationarebettersoshouldbesoldhigher市场定位不同（marketpositioning）

3）Thedisparityinthespeedofasaleisexplainablebyotherplausiblefactorsthatwouldchangethroughthetime,orsomeessentialdifferencesofthetwoproperties.Theeconomycondition,people’sperceptionabouthousingchangedalotin10years.如果10年前经济状况不好，去年状况很好，那不能说明任何问题；再说，10年前卖的慢并不能代表现在慢的慢

5.ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditoroftheBalmerIslandGazette.

"OnBalmerIsland,wheremopedsserveasapopularformoftransportation,thepopulationincreasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsinvolvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandshouldlimitthenumberofmopedsrentedbytheisland'smopedrentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto25perdayduringthesummerseason.Bylimitingthenumberofrentals,thetowncouncilwillattainthe50percentannualreductioninmopedaccidentsthatwasachievedlastyearontheneighboringislandofSeaville,whenSeaville'stowncouncilenforcedsimilarlimitsonmopedrentals."

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.

1）Balmer岛和Seaville岛的相似性和可比性？

Populations,roadconditions,publictransportations,people'sawarenessofdangerousdriving等等都不一样，可以比较吗？

Similarlimit，具体如何执行的？

只是简单限制了数量还是还有别的措施？

并且，去年是否有一些别的原因导致了该地摩托车事故减少？

比如普及教育等等

2）夏季事故占全年多大比例？

如果仅限于夏季几个月，而事故频繁发生于冬季（比如冬天岛上结冰，路况很差），也是无法达到结论的虽然摩托车是最流行的交通工具，夏季人数也很多，可是夏季人们出行用摩托车吗？

路面上有多少摩托车是租的而不是私家车？

3）就算这一举措能减少路面上的摩托车，可是减少50%摩托车能够达到50%的事故率下降吗？

摩托车事故是否都是由摩托车造成的？

也许是路况、天气、行人不遵守交通规则、交通管理混乱等等

6.ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'sarcticregions.Theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseoftheyear.Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeedandcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetomelt,wecanconcludethatthepurporteddeclineindeerpopulationsistheresultofthedeer'sbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.

1）.Theaccuracyofthereportsfromlocalhunterscanbecastdoubton.Howdotheyreachtheconclusion?

Isitauthoritative?

Isitpossiblethatitistheoverhuntingorpoachingleadtothedecline?

需要更多的具体证据来支持

2）Theglobalwarmingdoesnotnecessarilyleadtothedeclineindeerpopulation.全球变暖是个continuousprocesslastingfordecades,为什么单单现在鹿群下降？

需要更多的数据支持。

Inaddition,isitpossibletomakeadetailedinvestigationofthemigrationofarcticdeer,tocheckwhatkindofchangestotheice?

3）Alternativeexplanationscanalsoaccountforthedeclineinarcticdeerpopulation.Especially,someeffectsbroughtwiththeglobalwarmingmaycausethedecline.Forexample,lackingfoodsupply,thechangesofaircompositionsinthenorthpole,thedeclineoftheirfertility...

7.ThefollowingisarecommendationfromtheBoardofDirectorsofMonarchBooks.

"WerecommendthatMonarchBooksopenacaféinitsstore.Monarch,havingbeeninbusinessatthesamelocationformorethantwentyyears,hasalargecustomerbasebecauseitisknownforitswideselectionofbooksonallsubjects.Clearly,openingthecaféwouldattractmorecustomers.Spacecouldbemadeforthecafébydiscontinuingthechildren'sbooksection,whichwillprobablybecomelesspopulargiventhatthemostrecentnationalcensusindicatedasignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderageten.OpeningacaféwillallowMonarchtoattractmorecustomersandbettercompetewithRegalBooks,whichrecentlyopeneditsowncafé."

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.

1）Themanagerfailstoconsiderthenegativeeffectsofcuttingoutchildren’sbooksectionandopeningthecafé.（adv:

disadv）onlytalkaboutpositiveeffects,ignoringmaybeitwillbenoisy,nochildrencome,noparentscometoo.

2）Wearenotinformedabout