亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案解析.docx
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亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案解析
CHAPTER4
COVERAGEOFLEARNINGOBJECTIVES
LEARNINGOBJECTIVE
FUNDAMENTALASSIGN-MENMATERIAL
CRITICAL
THINKING
EXERCISES
JAND
EXERCISES
PROBLEMS
CASES,EXCEL,COLLAB.&INTERNETEXERCISES
LO1:
DescribethepurpOSesofcostmanagementsystems.
31,34
50
LO2:
Explaintherelationshipbetweencost,costobject,costaccumulation,andcostassignment.
45
56
LO3:
Distinguishbetweendirectandindirectcosts.
A1,B1
36,37,38,
39,44
45,49
56
LO4:
Explainthemajorreasonsforallocatingcosts.
B2
33,41
46
54
LO5:
Identifythemaintypesofmanufacturingcosts:
directmaterials,directlabor,andindirectproductioncosts.
36,37,38,
39
LO6:
Explainhowthefinancialstatementsofmerchandisersandmanufacturersdifferbecauseofthetypesofgoodstheysell.
A2
57,60,61
LO7:
Understandthemain
A3,A4,
33,40,41,
48,49,50
55,56,
differencesbetweentraditionalandactivitybasedcostingsystemsandwhyABCsystemsprovidevaluetomanagers.
B3,B4
42
57,58,
59,60,61
LO8:
Useactivity-basedcostinformationtomakestrategicandoperationalcontroldecisions.
A4,B4
32,37,43
48,49,50
55,56,60
CHAPTER4
CostManagementSystemsandActivity-BasedCosting
4-A1（20-30min.）
SeeTable4-A1onthefollowingpage.
4-A2
（25-30min.）
1.
MerchandiseInventories,1,000devices@$97
$97,000
2.
DirectmaterialsinventoryWork-in-processinventoryFinishedgoodsinventoryTotalinventories
$40,000
0
97,000
$137,000
3.
NILEELECTRONICSPRODUCTS
StatementofOperatingIncome
FortheYearEndedDecember31,20X9
Sales（9,000unitsat$170）
Costofgoodssold:
Beginninginventory
Purchases
Costofgoodsavailableforsale
Lessendinginventory
$0970,000
$970,000
97,000
$1,530,000
Costofgoodssold（anexpense）
Grossmarginorgrossprofit
Lessotherexpenses:
selling&administrativecosts
Operatingincome（alsoincomebeforetaxes
873,000
$657,000
185,000
$472,000
inthisexample）
Totalweightshippedis25,000kg+75,000kg+160,000kg=260,000kg.Indirectdistributioncostsper
kilogramisthen$10,400宁260,000kg=$0.04.Theallocationtocustomdetailedis$0.04x25,000kg=
$1,000.
STATEMENTOFOPERATINGINCOMEEXTERNALREPORTINGPURPOSE
OPERATINGINCOMEBYPRODUCTLINE
INTERNALSTRATEGICDECISIONMAKINGPURPOSE
Sales
$155,000
CustomLargeSmall
DetailedStd.Std.CostType,AssignmentMethod
$30,000$45,000$80,000
Costofgoodssold:
Directmaterial
40,000
5,00015,00020,000Direct,DirectTrace
Indirectmanufacturing
41,000
28,00015,0008,000Indirect,Alloc.-Mach.
Hours
81,000
33,00020,00028,000
Grossprofit
74,000
（3,000）25,00052,000
Sellingandadministrativeexpenses:
Commissions
15,000
1,5003,50010,000Direct,DirectTrace
Distributiontowarehouses
10,400
1,00023,0006,400Indirect,Allocation-Weight
Totalsellingandadmin.expenses
25,400
2,5006,50016,400
Contributiontocorporateexpensesandprofit
48,600
$（5,500）$18,500$35,600
Unallocatedexpenses:
Administrativesalaries
8,000
Otheradministrativeexpenses
4,000
Totalunallocatedexpenses
12,000
Operatingincomebeforetax
$36,600
1Totalmachinehoursis1,400+250+400
=2,050.Indirectmanufacturingcostpermachinehouristhen
TABLE4-A1
$41,000宁2,050=$20.Theallocationtocustomdetailedis$20x1,400machinehours=$28,000.
2
技术资料专业整理
4.
ORINOCO,INC.
StatementofOperatingIncome
FortheYearEndedDecember31,20X9
Sales（9,000unitsat$170）
$1,530,000
Costofgoodsmanufacturedandsold:
BeginningfinishedgoodsinventoryCostofgoodsmanufactured:
BeginningWIPinventoryDirectmaterialsusedDirectlaborIndirectmanufacturingTotalmfg.coststoaccountforLessendingwork-in-processinventory
CostofgoodsavailableforsaleLessendingfinishedgoodsinventoryCostofgoodssold（anexpense）Grossmarginorgrossprofit
Lessotherexpenses:
sellingandadministrativecostsOperatingincome（alsoincomebeforetaxesinthisexample）
290,000150,000
$970,000
530,000
970,000
$970,000
97,000
873,000
$657,000
185,000
$472,000
5.
Thebalaneesheetforthemerchandiser（Nile）hasjustonelineforinventories,theendinginventoryoftheitemspurchasedforresale.Thebalaneesheetforthemanufacturer（Orinoco）hasthreeitems:
directmaterialsinventory,work-in-processinventory,andfinishedgoodsinventory.
Theincomestatementsaresimilarexceptforthecomputationofcostofgoodsavailableforsale.Themerchandiser（Nile）simplyshowspurchasesfortheyearplusbeginninginventory.Incontrast,themanufacturer（Orinoco）showsbeginningwork-in-processinventoryplusthethreecategoriesofcostthatcomprisemanufacturingcost（directmaterialsused,directlabor,andfactory（ormanufacturing）overhead）andthendeductstheendingwork-in-processinventory.Themanufacturerthenaddsthebeginningfinishedgoodsinventorytothiscostofgoodsmanufacturedtogetthecostofgoodsavailableforsale.
6.Thepurposeisprovidingaggregatemeasuresofinventoryvalueandcost
ofgoodsmanufacturedforexternalreportingtoinvestors,creditors,andotherexternalstakeholders.
Banks
Therecanbemanyjustifiableanswersforeachitemotherthanthelistedcostdriverandbehavior.ThepurposeofthisexerciseistogenerateanactivediscussionregardingthosechosenbyFirstmanagers.Onepointthatshouldbeemphasizedisthatmanytimesmanagerschoosecostdriversthatarenotthemostplausibleorreliablebecauseoflackofdataavailability.Costdriversarealsousedasabasistoallocateactivityandresourcecostsandsotheavailabilityofdataisoftenanimportantconsideration.
a.*
b.**
c.
d.
e.
f.
c.***
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
ActivityOrResourceRRRARRAARRRA
CostDriver
Numberofsquarefeet
Numberofpersonhours
Numberofcomputertransactions
Numberofschedules
Numberofpersonhours
Numberofloaninquiries
Numberofinvestments
Numberofapplications
Numberofpersonhours
Numberofminutes
Numberofpersonhours
Numberofloans
CostBehavior
F
F
V
*Anargumentcanbemadethatmaintenanceofthebuildingisanactivity.Ifthiswasthecase,resourcessuchassuppliesandlaborwouldberesourcesconsumed,andseveralresourcecostdriverswouldbeneeded.Inaddition,aseparateresourceandassociatedcostdriverwouldbeneededforinsuraneecosts.However,thecompanyhadacontractformaintenance（fixedprice）,sothiswasafixed-costresourcethatwasaddedtootheroccupancycostssuchasinsuranee.Thecostdriverchosenforalltheseoccupancycostswassquarefeetoccupiedbythevariousdepartments.
backonlabor）.Thisisanexampleofastepcostthatisfixedoverwiderangesofcost-driverlevel.
***Studentsmaytrytodeterminethecostbehaviorofactivitieseventhoughtheproblemrequirementsdonotaskforit.Pointoutthatactivitiesalmostalwayshavemixedcostbehaviorbecausetheyconsumevariousresources.Someofthesearefixed-costandothersvariable-costresources.Forexample,theactivity“researchtoevaluatealoanapplication”consumessuchfixed-cost
resourcesasmanagerlabortimeandcomputers（assumedownedbythebank）.
Thisactivityalsoconsumesvariable-costresourcessuchastelecommunicationstimeandexternalcomputingservices.
（20-30min.）
4-A4
1.
Thefirststepistodeterminethecostpercost-driverunitforeachactivity:
Activity[Costdriver]
Monthly
Manufacturing
Overhead
Cost
Driver
Activity
CostperDriverUnit
MaterialHandling[Directmaterialscost]
$12,000
$200,000
$0.06
Engineering[Engineeringchangenotices]
20,000
20
1,000.00
Power[Kilowatthours]
16,000
400,000
0.04
TotalManufacturingOverhead
$48,000
Next,thecostsofeachactivitycanbeallocatedtoeachofthethreeproducts:
PHYSICALFLOW/ALLOCATEDCOST
CostSeniorBasicDeluxe
MaterialHandling$.06X25,000=$1,500$.06
Engineering$1,000X13=13,000$1,000X5=5,000$1,000
Power$.04X50,000=2,000$.04X200,000=8,000$.04
Total
X125,000=$7,5
2,000
2.
$16,500
Overheadratebasedondirectlaborcosts:
X50,000=$3,000$.06
X2=
X150,000=6,000
$15,500
$16,000
Rate=Totalmanufacturingoverhead
=$48,000-$8,000=$6.00/DL$
宁Totaldirectlaborcost
Overheadallocatedtoeachproductis:
Senior:
$6.00X4,000
Basic:
$6.00X1,000
$24,000
6,000
Deluxe:
Total
$6.00X3,000
18,000
$48,000
NoticethatmuchlessmanufacturingoverheadcostisallocatedtoBasicusingdirectlaborasacostdriver.Why?
BecauseBasicusesonlyasmallamountoflaborbutlargeamountsofotherresources,especiallypower.
“best.”
3.Theproductcostsinrequirement1aremoreaccurateifthecostdriversaregoodindicatorsofthecausesofthecosts--theyarebothplausibleandreliable.Forexample,kilowatthoursiscertainiyabettermeasureofthecostofpowercoststhanisdirectlaborhours.Therefore,theallocationofpowercostsinrequirement1iscertainIybetterthaninrequirement2.Materialshandlingandengineeringarelikewisemoreplausible.Amanagerwouldbemuchmoreconfidentinthemanufacturingoverheadallocatedtoproductsinrequirement1.Remember,however,thatthereareincrementalcostsofdatacollectionassociatedwiththemoreaccurateABCsystem.Thebenefit/costcriteriamustbeappliedindecidingwhi
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