语言学测试题.docx

语言学测试题.docx

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语言学测试题

语言学试题及参考答案

   I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.（2%×10=20%）

   1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.

   A.aparticularlanguage

   B.theEnglishlanguage

   C.humanlanguagesingeneral

   D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage

   2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

__________.

   A.voiceless,bilabial,stop

   B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative

   C.voiced,bilabial,stop       D.voiced,labiodental,fricative

   3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa（n）__________.

   A.derivationalmorpheme

   B.freemorpheme

   C.inflectionalmorpheme

   D.freeform

   4.Inthephrasestructurerule"S→NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas__________.

   A.isequalto B.consistsof

   C.has D.generates

   5."Iboughtsomeroses"__________"Iboughtsomeflowers".

   A.entailsB.presupposes

   C.isinconsistentwith

   D.issynonymouswith

   6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.

   X:

Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?

   Y:

Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?

   A.quality   B.quantity

   C.relation   D.manne

   7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.

   A.phrases     B.sentences

   C.morphemesD.utterances

   8.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon__________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.

   A.socially     B.linguistically

   C.culturally D.pragmatically

9.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople?

__________.

   A.languageandspeech

   B.visualandspatialskills

   C.readingandwriting       D.analyticreasoning

   10.Ingeneral,the__________stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.

   A.babbling   B.one-word

   C.two-word   D.multiword

   Ⅱ.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

   11.Asthefirststepoftheirscientificinvestigationoflanguage,linguistshavetoobserveandcollectlinguisticf       beforetheycandoanythingelse.

   12.Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds           rules.

   13.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalledaf___________morpheme.

   14.Ac           sentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword,suchas"and","but","or".

   15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds       .

 16.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheC         principleproposedbyJ.Grice.

   17.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturalt           acrossgenerations.

   18.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitsusemayreflectthes           attitudeconnotedinthelanguagethatissexist.

   19.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"s       speech,"andspeechas"overtthought."Insuchacase,speakingandthinkingtakeplacesimultaneously.

   20.I       isthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLA.

   Ⅲ.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.（2%×10=20%）

   21.（   ）Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe"bestauthors"forlanguageusage.

   22.（   ）InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.

   23.（   ）Wecanalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.

24.（   ）Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentencesandsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirrecursiveproperites.

   25.（   ）Theconceptualistviewofmeaningholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreference,i.e.betweenlanguageandthought.

   26.（   ）Oftheviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.

   27.（   ）Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildren'sgrammarmodelsexactlyafterthegrammarofadultlanguage.

   28.（   ）Thesentences"Hecrazy"and"Hebesickallthetime"arebothacceptableinBlackEnglishvernacularbecausecopuladeletionandhabitualbearetwofamousfeaturesofBlackEnglish.

   29.（   ）Speakersofdifferentlanguagesarecapableofdistinguishingandrecognizingexperiencesofthesameobjectiveworldaccordingtotheirrespectivedifferentlinguisticcodingsystem.

   30.（   ）Instructionandcorrectionarekeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment.

   Ⅳ.Directions:

Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.（3%×10=30%）

   31.synchroniclinguistics

   32.displacement

   33.aminimalpair

   34.derivationalaffixes

   35.syntax

   36.languagetransfer

   37.hyponymy

   38.sentencemeaning

   39.linguafranca

   40.cerebralcortex

   Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.（10%×2=20%）

   41.ExplainsociologicaltriggersforlanguagechangebygivingatypicalexampleinthehistoryofEnglish.

   42.Explainbrieflythefourmainindividuallearnerfactorsthataffectalearner'sacquisitionofasecondlanguage.

参考答案

 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

   1、C2、B3、C4、B5、A6、C7、C8、B9、B10、C

   二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

11、facts12、sequential13、free14、coordinate     15、semantics16、Cooperative17、transmission18、social19、subvocal20、Interlanguage

   三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

   21、（T）

   22、（F）Asthereisanessentialdifferencebetweentheconsonantsandthevowels,i.e.thereissomekindofobstructionofairintheproductionoftheformer,butthereisnotintheproductionofthelatter,itisimpossibletousethesamecriteriaintheirclassification.

 23、（F）Wecannotalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisnotalwaysthesumofthemeaningofitsparts.

   24、（T）

   25、（F）Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolanditsreferent,i.e.betweenlanguageandtherealworld;rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.

   26、（T）

   27、（F）Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildren'sgrammarnevermodelsexactlyafterthegrammarofadultlanguage,becausechildrenusuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammarsbythemselvesandgeneralizerulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.

   28、（T）

   29、（T）

   30、（F）Instructionandcorrectionarenotkeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment.Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequireslittleconsciousinstruction.Instructionandcorrectionjustplayaminorrole.

   四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

   31、Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageatoneparticularpointoftime,e.g.thestudyofthekindofEnglishusedduringShakespeare'stime.

   32、Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humanlanguageisnotrestrictedbythe'here'and'now'asanimalcommunicationis;wecanvirtuallytalkaboutanythingwewant,includingwhathappenedinthepast,whatisgoingtohappeninthefuture,whatisnotexistentintheimmediatesurroundingsandevenwhatweimagine.

   33、Apairofsoundcombinationswhichareidenticalineverywayexceptonesound,e.g./pit/and/bit/.

   34、Affixesaddedtoanexistingformtocreateanewword,e.g.in-,-er35、Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,anditconsistsofasetofrulesthatallowwordstobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.

   36、LanguagetransferisaphenomenonthatL2learnerssubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeintheirlearningprocess.

   37、Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamorespecificwordandamoregeneral,moreinclusiveword.Theformerisincludedinthelatter.Forexample,acatisahyponymofanimal.

38、Sentencemeaningreferstotheintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofapredication.Itisabstractanddecontextualized.Forexample,semanticanalysisofthesentencemeaningof"Thebagisheavy"resultsintheone-placepredicationBAG（BEINGHEAVY）.

   39、Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeopleofdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.Forthisreason,alinguafrancamustbeanagree-upon"commontongue"usedbypeoplethrownintosocialcontactforvariouspurposes,suchasforsocialorcommercialpurposes.

   40、Cerebralcortexistheoutsidesurfaceofthebrain,thedecision-makingorganofthebo