高二册912课语言要点归纳与扩展模板.docx

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高二册912课语言要点归纳与扩展模板.docx

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高二册912课语言要点归纳与扩展模板.docx

高二册912课语言要点归纳与扩展模板

高二册9—12课语言要点归纳与扩展

 

  

[作者] 赵文斌/蔡艳芬

[内容] 

 

   一、

   ┌much,some,great(用于肯定句)┐

   (be)of┤no,little(表示否定)├+名词

   └any(用于疑问句)┘

   (书面语,比较郑重的说法)

   =(be)+(very)+形容词(形容词与上面的名词同根)(多用于口语)

   

(1)该结构可在句中充当表语,后置定语或补语。

   

(2)该结构中形容词后接的名词常见的为抽象名词value,importance,

use,help,benefit,interest,difference,courage,fun等。

   (3)该结构中的名词也可以是表示年龄、颜色、尺寸、样式的词,如age,

colour,size,type等。

   Themeetingisofgreatimportancetome.

   =Themeetingisveryimportanttome.

   Thiskindofdictionaryisofnousetousstudents.

   =Thiskindofdictionaryisuselesstousstudents.

   Whathehasdoneisofgreatbenefittothepeople.他所做的事对人

民有很大的益处。

   Everythingthatwesawwasofgreatinteresttous.

   Thedictionarywillbeofgreatvaluetothestudentswhoarelearners

ofEnglish.

   Thoughwhathesaidwasoflittlehelptome,Ithankedhimallthe

same.

   Thisisabookofsomeuse.=Thisisausefulbook.

   Ithoughtthedoctor’sadviceofmuchhelptoyou.

   Mountaineeringisofgreatfun,butatthesametimewemustnotforget

thedanger.

   Weareofanage.=Weareofthesameage.

   Thesetworoomsareofasize.=Thesetworoomsareofthesamesize.

   二、

   ┌no...but...┐

   A.┤nothingbut...├”只有”,

   └nothing...but...┘”除……外没有……”

   B.not...but...”不是……而是……”

   ┌notonly(或just)...┐

   C.┤but(also)...├”不仅……

   │notonly(或just)...│而且……”

   └but...aswell┘

   

(1)A中的but为介词,意为”除了”,相当于except,而B、C中的but

均为连词,but前后须为对等成分。

   

(2)notonly(或just)后接句子置于句首时,句子要采用部分倒装,

但but(also)后的句子则不要倒装。

C中的结构连接两个并列主语时,不需要

倒装,主谓一致应采用就近一致的原则。

   (3)”动词+nothingbut+动词”结构,意为”只得干……,除了干……

别无选择”。

前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式,but后的动词为省略to的

不定式,若前面无do的形式,则but后用带to的不定式形式,即“带do不

带to,带to不带do”。

   [考例]①Themanlookedattheloomsbutcouldsee______emptyframes.

   butbut

   butbut(86上海)②Idon’twanttogonotbecause

beingbusy

   butbecauseI

   ─────────────

   ABCenjoybeingalone.(B处错误,将其改为Iambusy)(93上海)

   ──────

   D

   Noonebutheknewaboutit.

   There’snothinginmypocketbutapen.

   Heisnotateacher,butaworker,averyfamousworkerinourfactory.

   Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.

   Hewentnottohelphisfatherbuttoborrowmoneyfromhim.他不是

去帮父亲的忙,而是去向父亲借钱。

   Hefailednotbecauseheisn’tcleverbutbecausehedidn’tworkhard.

   HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutFrenchaswell.

   Henotonlyswimsveryfastbutalsoskatesverywell.

   ThesingersdonotjustefromHefeibutfromalloverthecountry.

   Notonlydidheteachatschool,buthewrotenovels.他不但在学校

里教书,而且还写小说。

   三、

   ┌keepintouchwith...┐

   │(与……保持)│

   │getin/intotouchwith...│

   ┤(与……取得)├(表示动作)

   │lose/geoutoftouchwith...│

  

   │(与……失去)│

   └┘

   ┌beintouchwith...┐

   │(与……有)│

   ┤beoutoftouchwith...├(表示状态)

   └(与……失去)┘

   (考例)Here’smycard.Let’skeepin_________.

   

   

   (NMET94)

   Wemustkeepintouchwithwhatishappeninginforeigncountries.

   Ihaven’tbeenintouchwithhimsinceweleftschoolfiveyearsago.

   Writetomeasoftenasyoucan.Idon’twanttolosetouchwithyou.

   Ifyouliveinthecountry,yousoongetoutoftouchwiththings.

   I’mtryingtogetintouchwithmybrother.

   Wehavebeenoutoftouchwiththemforabouttenyears.

   四、sit/seat

   

(1)请坐!

┌Sitdown,please.

   │Beseated,please.

   ┤Havea(或your)seat,please.

   │Takea(或your)seat,please.

   └Seatyourself,please.

   

(2)┌seatoneself+(地点状语)

   ┤sit+(地点状语)(表示动作)

   └beseated+(地点状语)(表示状态)

   ┌sitting┐

   (3)动词(如see,find)+sb+┤seated├

   └seatingoneself┘

   +地点状语

   (4)take(或have)a(或one’s)seat就座,但表达自己坐下时,不能

使用havea(one’s)seat。

   [误]Ienteredandhadaseat.

   [正]Ienteredandtooka(或my)seat.

   (5)seat作为动词还有”容纳”之意。

   Thegreathallcanseat(=hold)20XXpeople.(考例)①Atallwoman

dressedinmourning

   walkedthrough

   ──────────

   ABthedoorquietlyandseatedheratthetableinthecornerof

   ─────────────

   CDtheroom.(C处错误,将her改为herself)(’91上海)

   ②Seatedhimselfinachair,MrCrossettbegantolook

   ────────

   ABthroughtheeveningpaperandsuddenlyheheardaknockat────

   ──CDthedoor.(’93上海)(A处错误,将Seated改为Seating)

   ③Shortlyafterwe________,awaitercameovertoourtablewitha

smile.

   seated

   ourselvesplaces(’95上海)

   Theywerefoundseatedintheclassroom,preparingfortheexam.

   —Whendidthelecturebegin?

   —Whenallthestudentswereseated,theprofessorbeganhislecture.

   五、wish,expect,hope,want

   

(1)wish/expect/hope/wanttodosth.

   

(2)wish/expect/wantsb.todosth.(hope不能用于该句型,但可用

hopeforsb.todosth.)

   (3)wish/expect/hopethat从句(want一般不能用于该句型)wish(that)

┌S+V-ed(与现在事实情况相反)

   │S+had+pp.(与过去事实情况相反)

   ┤

   │S+could/would/might+动词原形

   └(与将来事实情况相反)

   (4)wish/hopeforsth.(expect和want不能用于该句型)

   (5)wishsb.sth.(只有wish可用于该句型,主要用于表示祝愿)wishsb.

success(apleasantjourney,goodluck,aMerryChristmas,aHappyNew

Year)

   (6)

   A.┌expect,want┐tohavedonesth.

   └hope,wish┘

   B.

   had┌hoped,wanted┐todosth.

   └expected,wished┘

   A、B两结构均可表示”本希望(本想),但未实现”。

 

  

>   (7)hopeso/hopenot或don’thopeso[考例]①—Heisaverybrave

man.

   —Yes,IwishI_______hiscourage.

   

   havehave(MET85)

   ②IwishI_______youyesterday.

   A.seensee

   seentosee

   (MET88)

   ③Ihope________happywhileyouarehere.

   tobeyourbeing

   Cyouwillbebeing(’90上海)

   ④We_______eachotherthebestofluckintheexamination.

   

   (NMET91)

   Hesaidhehopedtobebacksoon.

   IhopeIcanpasstheexamination.

   Hopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst.

   —Willitbefinetomorrow?

—Ihopeso.

   Ihardlyexpectedtofindyoustillhere.

   Iexpectedyoutobeherepromptly.

   Youcan’texpectthatsheshouldreceivehim.

   Hewantsyoutoseehiminhisofficetomorrow.

   IwishIcouldgiveyouahand.

   Motherwishedmetobeeadoctor.

   HowIwishforaputerofmyown!

   HowIwishedIhadn’ttoldhimaboutthesadnews!

   Iwishyouhadsenthimamessageyesterday.

   Ihopetohaveseenyouoffyesterday,butIhaven’ttime.

   =Ihadhopedtoseeyouoffyesterday,butIhaven’ttime.

   六、defeat,win,beat

   

(1)defeatsb.

   

(2)beatsb.(或team)

   (3)winagame(war,prize,race,bet,match,one’srespect,the

election,one’sadmiration)

   Aftereightyearsoffighting,theChinesepeopleatlastdefeatedthe

Japaneseinvaders.

   经过八年浴血奋战,中国人民终于打败了日本侵略者。

   Mysistercamefirstandwontheraceyesterday.

   I’msurehewillwinthegame.

   Hewontheloveandrespectofthesurroundingpeasants.

   Theenemywasbeateninthebattle.

   Shebeatherbrotherattennis.

   她打球赢了她弟弟。

   七、good

   adj.

(1)begoodat

   

(2)begoodforsth.

   [反]bebadforsth.

   (3)begoodtosb.(good=kind)

   (4)begoodtodo(good=fit)

   (5)It’sgood(ofsb)todosth.(good=nice,kind)

   (6)goodand+adj./adv.(good=nice)

   =very+adj./adv.

   (7)Wouldyoubesogoodastodosth.

   =Wouldyoubegoodenoughtodosth.(good=kind)

   (8)agood┌many+n.(复)+v.(复)

   ┤numberof(good=great=large)

   └dealof(good=great)

   比较:

manya+n.(单)+v.(单)

   many+n.(复)+v.(复)

   (9)makegooduseof(good=full)

   (10)haveagoodlookat

   (11)givesb.agoodbeating

   (12)teachsb.agoodlessonn.

(1)do=dogoodtosb.

   比较:

dosb.harm=doharmtosb.

   dosb.wrong=dowrongtosb.冤枉某人

   

(2)forthegoodof(good=benefit)

   (3)It’s(There’s)nogooddoingsth.(good=use)

   (4)What’sthegoodof...?

(good=use)(考例)Johnisvery

good_____sports.He’samemberofourfootballteam.

   

  

>   (’86上海)

   Isuggestedthatyounotdrinksomuchjustforthegoodofyourhealth.

   Vegetablesaregoodforyourhealth.

   Thewaterinthewellisgoodtodrink.

   He’salwaysbeengoodtome.

   Theirteamgaveusagoodbeating.

   It’sgoodofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.

   It’snogoodcryingnow!

   What’sthegood/Whatgoodishavingacarifyoucan’tdrive!

   Wemustmakegooduseofourtime.

   八、prepare

   

(1)preparesth.准备……

   

(2)prepareforsth.为……作准备

   (3)bepreparedforsth./todosth.对(干)……有心理上的准备=get/be

readyforsth./todosth.

   (4)makepreparationsfor

   (5)preparesb./oneselfforsth./todosth.使某人(自己)对(干)……

有思想准备

   (6)preparetodosth.

   (7)preparesb.sth.为某人准备……(考例)Thesecretaryworkedlate

intothenight,_______alongspeechforthepresident.

   prepare

   preparing

   (MET91)

   Thestudentsarepreparingforthesportsmeet.

   =Thestudentsaregettingreadyforthesportsmeet.

   =Thestudentsaremakingpreparationsforthesportsmeet.

   We’repreparingtogoonaholidaytoBeijingnextweek.

   Yesterdaywhenhecametoseeme,Iwaspreparingmylessons.

   Weshouldpreparethechildrenfortheexamination.我们应该使孩子

们对考试有思想准备。

   Jackispreparinghimselftositfortheexamination.杰克正在准备

参加考试。

   Youmustbepreparedtotakethework.

   九、reachv.&n.

   

(1)reach(更正式)=arrivein/at=getto

   

(2)reach+地点状语(介词短语充当)”扩展(延伸)到……”

   (3)reachsb.送达某人手里

   (4)reachsth.够到什么

   (5)reach(out)(sth.)forsth.

   (6)withinone’sreach=withinthereachofsb.某人能够到……

   (7)outofone’sreach=outofthereachofsb.某人够不到……

   [考例]—Whereisthenewdictionary?

   —It’sonthetopshelf,outof_________.

   

   (’97海淀模拟)

   Thebananawasoutofthemonkey’sreach.

   Thesoundreachedtothebackofthehall.

   Yourletterreachedmethismorning.

   Ican’treachthebookontheshelf.Canyouhelpme?

   Hereached(out)forapieceofcake.

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