解答英国文学史名词解释.docx
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解答英国文学史名词解释
TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod
I.
1._________________canbetermedEngland’snationalepicanditsheroBeowulf—oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.
2.TheliteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,--______and________.TheformerrepresentsthepoetrywhichtheAnglo-Saxonsprobablybroughtwiththemintheformof_______,--thecrudematerialoutofwhichliteraturewasslowlydevelopedonEnglishsoil;thelatterrepresentsthe_________developedunderteachingofthemonks.
3.TheSongofBeowulfreflectseventswhichtookplaceonthe______approximatelyatthebeginningofthe6thcentury,whentheforefathersofthe____livedinthesouthernpartofthe_________.
4.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:
the__________poetryandthe______poetry.(secular,religious)
5.___________istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.(Beowulf)
II.
1._______isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.
A.JohnDonneB.GeorgeHerbertC.CaedmonD.Milton
2.InAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthe________poetry.
A.paganB.religiousC.romanticD.sentimental
III.Definetheliteraryterms
1.Epic
Itis,originally,anoralnarrativepoem,majesticbothinthemeandstyle.Epicsdealwithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance,involvingactionofbroadsweepandgrandeur.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividual.Thecharacteristicsoftheheroofanepicarenationalratherthanindividual.Typically,anepicincludesseveralfeatures:
theintroductionofsupernaturalforcesthatshapetheaction;conflictintheformofbattlesorotherphysicalcombat;andstylisticconventionssuchasaninvocationtotheMuse,aformalstatementofthetheme,longlistsoftheprotagonistinvolved,andsetspeechescouchedinelevatedlanguage.ExamplesincludetheancientGreekepicsbyHomer,IliadandOdyssey,TheFaerieQueenebyEdmundSpenserandTheParadiseLostbyJohnMilton.
2.Alliteration
Arepeatedinitialconsonanttosuccessivewords.
TheAnglo-NormanPeriod
I.
1.Intheyear________,atthebattleof______________,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.
2.TheliteraturewhichNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesof_____and______,inmarkedcontrastwiththe___________and___________ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.
3.TheliteratureoftheAnglo–Normanperiodwasofthreeclasses:
thematterof_________;matterof__________________;matterof___________.
4.afterthe__________Conquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.(Norman)
5.ThemostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas___________.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventureofanoblehero.(romance)
GeoffreyChaucer
I.
1.GeoffreyChaucer,the“____________________”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.
2.Beingspeciallyfondofthegreat____________writerBoccaccio,Chaucercomposesalongnarrativepoem____________,baseduponBoccaccio’spoem__________.
3.ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbythe_________dialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.
4.Chaucer’smasterpieceis_____________,oneofthemostfamousworksinallliterature.
5.ThePrologueisasplendidmasterpieceof___________portrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.
6.Inhisgreatestwork,TheCanterburyTales,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhis________________andhis_____________.
7.Chaucer’sworkispermeatedwithbuoyantfree-thinking,socharacteristicoftheageof_____________whoseimmediateforerunnerChaucerthusbecomes.
II.Definetheliteraryterms
1.Romance
ItisaliterarygenrepopularintheMiddleAges,dealing,inverseorprose,withlegendary,supernatural,oramoroussubjectsandcharacters.Thetermwasappliedtotalesspecificallyconcernedwithknights,chivalry,andcourtlylove.PopularsubjectsforromancesincludedtheMacedonianKingAlexandertheGreat,KingArthurofBritainandtheknightsoftheRoundTable,andEmperorCharlemagne.
2.Ballad
Itisalyricpoemgenerallyofthreeeight-linestanzaswithaconcludingstanzaoffourlinescalledanenvoy.Withsomevariations,thelinesofaballadareiambicoranapestictetrameterrhymingababbcbc;theenvoy,whichformsapersonaldedicationtosomepersonofimportanceortoapersonification.TheballadbecamepopularinEnglandinthelate14thcentury.
Renaissance
I.Completethefollowingstatementswithaproperwordoraphraseaccordingtothetextbook.
1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof________relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof____________.
2.The16thcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore,“_________”.
3.Theterm____originallyindicatedarevivalofclassicGreekandRomanartsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofobscurantism.(Renaissance)
4.________brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadof___________.
5.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingexterminatedinthecourseof_________,anewnobility,totallydependentontheking’spower,cametothefore.
6.Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanist________wrotehisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.
7.EdmundSpenserwastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemofthetime,______.
8.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawas_________whoreformedthatgenreinEnglandandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.
9.WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23rdofApril,_____,in_______,Warwickshire.
10._________speaksthefamous“Tobe,ornottobe”
11.Shakespeare’ssonnetsfallintotwoseries:
Thefirst126sonnetsareaddressedtoayoungman,andtherest(exceptthelasttwoones)areaddressedto_____.(darklady)
12.ThefourgreattragediesinShakespeare’smatureperiodare_____,__________,_______and__________.(Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth)
13.Popedescribe______as“thewisest,brightest,meanestofmankind”.
14.OfBacon’sliteraryworks,themostimportantarethe_________.
II.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.
1.Renaissance:
Renaissance,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,marksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture,architecture,andliterature.FromItalythemovementspreadtotherestofEurope.Itisamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.TheRenaissancehumanistthinkersfoundthathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Tothem,nothingwasimpossibletoaccomplish.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders.
2.Sonnet
Itisalyricalpoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymescheme.Traditionally,whenwritingsonnets,Englishpoetsusuallyemployiambicpentameter.Oneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisShakespeare,whowrote154ofthem.AShakespeareansonnetconsistsof14lines,andeachlineiswritteniniambicpentameter.TherhymeschemeinaShakespeareansonnetisABABCDCDEFEFGG,inwhichthelasttwolinesarearhymedcouplet.
3.Allegory:
ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings:
aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning
4.Humanism:
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders
III.LiteraryComprehensionandAnalysis
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,
Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:
Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,
Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,
Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,
Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,
Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,
Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,
Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,
Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,
Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.
Questions:
1.Bymeansofwhatcomparisondoestheauthorachievethismovementfromtangibletointangible?
Tracehislogictoshowhismovement
2.Whatdoes“this”refertointhelastline?
Whatisthespeaker’spurposeinwritinghis“eternallines”andwhatconditionsarenecessaryforhispurposetobecarriedout?
1.Theauthorfirstcomparestheyouthwithasu