解答英国文学史名词解释.docx

解答英国文学史名词解释.docx

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解答英国文学史名词解释

TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod

I.

1._________________canbetermedEngland’snationalepicanditsheroBeowulf—oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.

2.TheliteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,--______and________.TheformerrepresentsthepoetrywhichtheAnglo-Saxonsprobablybroughtwiththemintheformof_______,--thecrudematerialoutofwhichliteraturewasslowlydevelopedonEnglishsoil;thelatterrepresentsthe_________developedunderteachingofthemonks.

3.TheSongofBeowulfreflectseventswhichtookplaceonthe______approximatelyatthebeginningofthe6thcentury,whentheforefathersofthe____livedinthesouthernpartofthe_________.

4.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:

the__________poetryandthe______poetry.（secular,religious）

5.___________istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.（Beowulf）

II.

1._______isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.

A.JohnDonneB.GeorgeHerbertC.CaedmonD.Milton

2.InAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthe________poetry.

A.paganB.religiousC.romanticD.sentimental

III.Definetheliteraryterms

1.Epic

Itis,originally,anoralnarrativepoem,majesticbothinthemeandstyle.Epicsdealwithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance,involvingactionofbroadsweepandgrandeur.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividual.Thecharacteristicsoftheheroofanepicarenationalratherthanindividual.Typically,anepicincludesseveralfeatures:

theintroductionofsupernaturalforcesthatshapetheaction;conflictintheformofbattlesorotherphysicalcombat;andstylisticconventionssuchasaninvocationtotheMuse,aformalstatementofthetheme,longlistsoftheprotagonistinvolved,andsetspeechescouchedinelevatedlanguage.ExamplesincludetheancientGreekepicsbyHomer,IliadandOdyssey,TheFaerieQueenebyEdmundSpenserandTheParadiseLostbyJohnMilton.

2.Alliteration

Arepeatedinitialconsonanttosuccessivewords.

TheAnglo-NormanPeriod

I.

1.Intheyear________,atthebattleof______________,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.

2.TheliteraturewhichNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesof_____and______,inmarkedcontrastwiththe___________and___________ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.

3.TheliteratureoftheAnglo–Normanperiodwasofthreeclasses:

thematterof_________;matterof__________________;matterof___________.

4.afterthe__________Conquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.（Norman）

5.ThemostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas___________.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventureofanoblehero.（romance）

GeoffreyChaucer

I.

1.GeoffreyChaucer,the“____________________”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.

2.Beingspeciallyfondofthegreat____________writerBoccaccio,Chaucercomposesalongnarrativepoem____________,baseduponBoccaccio’spoem__________.

3.ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbythe_________dialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.

4.Chaucer’smasterpieceis_____________,oneofthemostfamousworksinallliterature.

5.ThePrologueisasplendidmasterpieceof___________portrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.

6.Inhisgreatestwork,TheCanterburyTales,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhis________________andhis_____________.

7.Chaucer’sworkispermeatedwithbuoyantfree-thinking,socharacteristicoftheageof_____________whoseimmediateforerunnerChaucerthusbecomes.

II.Definetheliteraryterms

1.Romance

ItisaliterarygenrepopularintheMiddleAges,dealing,inverseorprose,withlegendary,supernatural,oramoroussubjectsandcharacters.Thetermwasappliedtotalesspecificallyconcernedwithknights,chivalry,andcourtlylove.PopularsubjectsforromancesincludedtheMacedonianKingAlexandertheGreat,KingArthurofBritainandtheknightsoftheRoundTable,andEmperorCharlemagne.

2.Ballad

Itisalyricpoemgenerallyofthreeeight-linestanzaswithaconcludingstanzaoffourlinescalledanenvoy.Withsomevariations,thelinesofaballadareiambicoranapestictetrameterrhymingababbcbc;theenvoy,whichformsapersonaldedicationtosomepersonofimportanceortoapersonification.TheballadbecamepopularinEnglandinthelate14thcentury.

Renaissance

I.Completethefollowingstatementswithaproperwordoraphraseaccordingtothetextbook.

1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof________relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof____________.

2.The16thcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore,“_________”.

3.Theterm____originallyindicatedarevivalofclassicGreekandRomanartsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofobscurantism.（Renaissance）

4.________brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadof___________.

5.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingexterminatedinthecourseof_________,anewnobility,totallydependentontheking’spower,cametothefore.

6.Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanist________wrotehisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.

7.EdmundSpenserwastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemofthetime,______.

8.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawas_________whoreformedthatgenreinEnglandandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.

9.WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23rdofApril,_____,in_______,Warwickshire.

10._________speaksthefamous“Tobe,ornottobe”

11.Shakespeare’ssonnetsfallintotwoseries:

Thefirst126sonnetsareaddressedtoayoungman,andtherest（exceptthelasttwoones）areaddressedto_____.（darklady）

12.ThefourgreattragediesinShakespeare’smatureperiodare_____,__________,_______and__________.（Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth）

13.Popedescribe______as“thewisest,brightest,meanestofmankind”.

14.OfBacon’sliteraryworks,themostimportantarethe_________.

II.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.

1.Renaissance:

Renaissance,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,marksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture,architecture,andliterature.FromItalythemovementspreadtotherestofEurope.Itisamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.TheRenaissancehumanistthinkersfoundthathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Tothem,nothingwasimpossibletoaccomplish.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders.

2.Sonnet

Itisalyricalpoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymescheme.Traditionally,whenwritingsonnets,Englishpoetsusuallyemployiambicpentameter.Oneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisShakespeare,whowrote154ofthem.AShakespeareansonnetconsistsof14lines,andeachlineiswritteniniambicpentameter.TherhymeschemeinaShakespeareansonnetisABABCDCDEFEFGG,inwhichthelasttwolinesarearhymedcouplet.

3.Allegory:

ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings:

aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning

4.Humanism:

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders

III.LiteraryComprehensionandAnalysis

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,

Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,

   Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

   Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

Questions:

1.Bymeansofwhatcomparisondoestheauthorachievethismovementfromtangibletointangible?

Tracehislogictoshowhismovement

2.Whatdoes“this”refertointhelastline?

Whatisthespeaker’spurposeinwritinghis“eternallines”andwhatconditionsarenecessaryforhispurposetobecarriedout?

1.Theauthorfirstcomparestheyouthwithasu