解答英国文学史名词解释.docx

1、解答英国文学史名词解释 The Anglo-Saxon PeriodI.1. _ can be termed Englands national epic and its hero Beowulfone of the national heroes of the English people.2. The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, -_ and _. The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably br

2、ought with them in the form of _, -the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; the latter represents the _ developed under teaching of the monks.3. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the _ approximately at the beginning of the 6th century, wh

3、en the forefathers of the _lived in the southern part of the _.4. The old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the _poetry and the _ poetry. (secular, religious)5. _ is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. (Beowulf)II.1. _ is

4、the first important religious poet in English literature.A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Caedmon D. Milton2. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the _ poetry.A. pagan B. religious C. romantic D. sentimentalIII. Define the literary terms1. EpicIt is, originally, an oral narrative poem, maje

5、stic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and grandeur. Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual. The characteristics of the hero of an epic are national rather than individual.

6、Typically, an epic includes several features: the introduction of supernatural forces that shape the action; conflict in the form of battles or other physical combat; and stylistic conventions such as a n invocation to the Muse, a formal statement of the theme, long lists of the protagonist involved

7、, and set speeches couched in elevated language. Examples include the ancient Greek epics by Homer, Iliad and Odyssey, The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser and The Paradise Lost by John Milton. 2. AlliterationA repeated initial consonant to successive words. The Anglo-Norman PeriodI. 1. In the year _

8、, at the battle of _, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2. The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of _ and _, in marked contrast with the _ and _ of Anglo-Saxon poetry.3. The literature of the Anglo Norman

9、 period was of three classes: the matter of _; matter of _; matter of _. 4. after the _ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. (Norman)5. The most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England was _. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing

10、the life and adventure of a noble hero. (romance) Geoffrey ChaucerI. 1. Geoffrey Chaucer, the “_” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in or about the year 1340.2. Being specially fond of the great _ writer Boccaccio, Chaucer composes a long narrative poem_, based u

11、pon Boccaccios poem _.3. Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the _ dialect, so profusely used by the poet.4. Chaucers masterpiece is _, one of the most famous works in all literature.5. The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece

12、of _ portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. 6. In his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his _ and his _.7. Chaucers work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking, so characteristic of the age of _ wh

13、ose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes.II. Define the literary terms1. RomanceIt is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages, dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chi

14、valry, and courtly love. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur of Britain and the knights of the Round Table, and Emperor Charlemagne. 2. BalladIt is a lyric poem generally of three eight-line stanzas with a concluding stanza of four lines called

15、 an envoy. With some variations, the lines of a ballad are iambic or anapestic tetrameter rhyming ababbcbc; the envoy, which forms a personal dedication to some person of importance or to a personification. The ballad became popular in England in the late 14th century . RenaissanceI. Complete the fo

16、llowing statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.1. The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of _ relations and the establishing of the foundations of _.2. The 16th century was a time when, according to Thomas More, “_”.3. The term _ originally indicated

17、 a revival of classic Greek and Roman arts and sciences after the dark ages of obscurantism. (Renaissance)4. _ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, confiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of _.5. The old English aristocracy having exterminated

18、 in the course of _, a new nobility, totally dependent on the kings power, came to the fore.6. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist _ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the peoples sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy socie

19、ty.7. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of the time, _.8. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was _ who reformed that genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.9. William Shakespeare was born on the 23rd of April, _, in _, Warwickshire.10

20、. _ speaks the famous “To be, or not to be”11. Shakespeares sonnets fall into two series: The first 126 sonnets are addressed to a young man, and the rest (except the last two ones) are addressed to _. (dark lady)12. The four great tragedies in Shakespeares mature period are _, _, _ and _. (Hamlet,

21、Othello, King Lear, Macbeth)13. Pope describe _ as “the wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind”.14. Of Bacons literary works, the most important are the _.II. Define the literary terms listed below.1. Renaissance:Renaissance, meaning “rebirth” or “revival”, marks a transition from the medieval to the

22、 modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture, architecture, and literature. From Italy the movement spread to the rest of Europe. It is a movement stimulated by a series of historical e

23、vents, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. The Renaissance humanist thinkers found that human beings were glorious creatures capab

24、le of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. To them, nothing was impossible to accomplish. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they v

25、oiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and perform wonders.2. SonnetIt is a lyrical poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme. Traditionally, when writing sonnets, English poets usually employ

26、iambic pentameter.One of the best-known sonnet writers is Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them. A Shakespearean sonnet consists of 14 lines, and each line is written in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, in which the last two lines are a rhymed couplet.

27、3. Allegory: a tale in verse or prose in which characters, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings : a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning4. Humanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity of human beings an

28、d the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and perform wondersIII. Literary Comprehension and AnalysisShall I compare

29、thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or natures ch

30、anging course untrimmed:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst,So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. Questions:1.

31、 By means of what comparison does the author achieve this movement from tangible to intangible? Trace his logic to show his movement2. What does “this” refer to in the last line? What is the speakers purpose in writing his “eternal lines” and what conditions are necessary for his purpose to be carried out?1. The author first compares the youth with a su