中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案样题.docx

中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案样题.docx

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中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案样题

2021年中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题 〔样题〕

SAMPLE TEST 

UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR  

DOCTORAL CANDIDATES PAPER ONE 

PART I  VOCABULARY （15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each） 

Directions:

 Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 

1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors. 

A. post                 B. status            C. position                  D. place  

2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research. 

A. legible               B. legitimate C. legislative              D. illicit 

3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual. A. end                B. hand C. core               D. best   

4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.   

 A. impeded            B. imparted  C. implored              D. implemented 

5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.    

A. spell out             B. call upon     C. fall over             D. resort to  

6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.

 A. grossly               B. severely C. rapidly               D. drastically   

7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with. 

A. elitism                   B. eloquence     C. eminence              D. etiquette 

8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.

 A. altered               B. CriticizedC.incorporatedD.translated

9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.

A.overB.withC.downD.through

10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.

A.discriminatingB.distributingC.disagreeingD.disclosing

11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.

A.findfaultwithB.makethemostofC.lookdownuponD.getevenwith

12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.

A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.exhaustive

13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.

A.intoleranceB.pessimismC.injusticeD.antagonism

14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.

A.countB.insistC.fallD.dwell

15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.A.heartsB.tempersC.headsD.senses

16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.

A.atthemercyofB.inlieuofC.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof

17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.

A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical

18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.

A.honestlyB.graciouslyC.coherentlyD.flexibly

19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.

A.significanceinB.imaginationatC.resemblancetoD.predominanceover

20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.A.shoutdownB.getroundC.complywithD.passover

PARTIICLOZETEST（15minutes,15points）Directions:

Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.（1996）

21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there

22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.Executed

23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts

24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range

25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome

26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing

27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably

28.A.inB.withC.asD.to

29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last

30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace

31.A.onB.upC.downD.out

32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little

33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet

34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track

35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.as

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SectionA（60minutes,30points）Directions:

Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.

Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome（thesis）andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines（antithesis）.Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.

36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.

A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent

B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted

C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricaleventD.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive

37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent

B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory〞applestotheevent

C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent

D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifone