反补贴协议SCM.docx

反补贴协议SCM.docx

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反补贴协议SCM

AgreementonSubsidiesandCountervailingMeasures

Membersherebyagreeasfollows:

PartI:

GeneralProvisions

Article1:

DefinitionofaSubsidy

1.1       ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,asubsidyshallbedeemedtoexistif:

（a）

（1）         thereisafinancialcontributionbyagovernmentoranypublicbodywithintheterritoryofaMember（referredtointhisAgreementas“government”）,i.e.where:

（i）        agovernmentpracticeinvolvesadirecttransferoffunds（e.g.grants,loans, andequityinfusion）,potentialdirecttransfersoffundsorliabilities（e.g.loanguarantees）;

（ii）       governmentrevenuethatisotherwisedueisforegoneornotcollected（e.g.fiscalincentivessuchastaxcredits）

（1）;

（iii）      agovernmentprovidesgoodsorservicesotherthangeneralinfrastructure,orpurchasesgoods;

（iv）      agovernmentmakespaymentstoafundingmechanism,orentrustsordirectsaprivatebodytocarryoutoneormoreofthetypeoffunctionsillustratedin（i）to（iii）abovewhichwouldnormallybevestedinthegovernmentandthepractice,innorealsense,differsfrompracticesnormallyfollowedbygovernments;

or

（a）

（2）      thereisanyformofincomeorpricesupportinthesenseofArticle XVIofGATT 1994;

and

（b）       abenefitistherebyconferred.

1.2       Asubsidyasdefinedinparagraph 1shallbesubjecttotheprovisionsofPart IIorshallbesubjecttotheprovisionsofPart IIIor VonlyifsuchasubsidyisspecificinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle 2.

Article2:

Specificity

2.1       Inordertodeterminewhetherasubsidy,asdefinedinparagraph 1ofArticle1,isspecifictoanenterpriseorindustryorgroupofenterprisesorindustries（referredtointhisAgreementas“certainenterprises”）withinthejurisdictionofthegrantingauthority,thefollowingprinciplesshallapply:

（a）       Wherethegrantingauthority,orthelegislationpursuanttowhichthegrantingauthorityoperates,explicitlylimitsaccesstoasubsidytocertainenterprises,suchsubsidyshallbespecific.

（b）       Wherethegrantingauthority,orthelegislationpursuanttowhichthegrantingauthorityoperates,establishesobjectivecriteriaorconditions

（2）governingtheeligibilityfor,andtheamountof,asubsidy,specificityshallnotexist,providedthattheeligibilityisautomaticandthatsuchcriteriaandconditionsarestrictlyadheredto. Thecriteriaorconditionsmustbeclearlyspelledoutinlaw,regulation,orotherofficialdocument,soastobecapableofverification.

（c）       If,notwithstandinganyappearanceofnonspecificityresultingfromtheapplicationoftheprincipleslaiddowninsubparagraphs（a）and（b）,therearereasonstobelievethatthesubsidymayinfactbespecific,otherfactorsmaybeconsidered. Suchfactorsare:

 useofasubsidyprogrammebyalimitednumberofcertainenterprises,predominantusebycertainenterprises,thegrantingofdisproportionatelylargeamountsofsubsidytocertainenterprises,andthemannerinwhichdiscretionhasbeenexercisedbythegrantingauthorityinthedecisiontograntasubsidy（3）.Inapplyingthis subparagraph,accountshallbetakenoftheextentofdiversificationofeconomicactivitieswithinthejurisdictionofthegrantingauthority,aswellasofthelengthoftimeduringwhichthesubsidyprogrammehasbeeninoperation.

2.2       Asubsidywhichislimitedtocertainenterpriseslocatedwithinadesignatedgeographicalregionwithinthejurisdictionofthegrantingauthorityshallbespecific. ItisunderstoodthatthesettingorchangeofgenerallyapplicabletaxratesbyalllevelsofgovernmententitledtodososhallnotbedeemedtobeaspecificsubsidyforthepurposesofthisAgreement.

2.3       AnysubsidyfallingundertheprovisionsofArticle 3shallbedeemedtobespecific.

2.4       AnydeterminationofspecificityundertheprovisionsofthisArticleshallbeclearlysubstantiatedonthebasisofpositiveevidence.

PartII:

ProhibitedSubsidies

Article3:

Prohibition

3.1       ExceptasprovidedintheAgreementonAgriculture,thefollowingsubsidies,withinthemeaningofArticle 1,shallbeprohibited:

（a）       subsidiescontingent,inlaworinfact（4）,whethersolelyorasoneofseveralotherconditions,uponexportperformance,includingthoseillustratedinAnnex I（5）;

（b）       subsidiescontingent,whethersolelyorasoneofseveralotherconditions,upontheuseofdomesticoverimportedgoods.

3.2       AMembershallneithergrantnormaintainsubsidiesreferredtoinparagraph 1.

Article4:

Remedies

4.1       WheneveraMemberhasreasontobelievethataprohibitedsubsidyisbeinggrantedormaintainedbyanotherMember,suchMembermayrequestconsultationswithsuchotherMember.

4.2       Arequestforconsultationsunderparagraph1shallincludeastatementofavailableevidencewithregardtotheexistenceandnatureofthesubsidyinquestion.

4.3       Uponrequestforconsultationsunderparagraph 1,theMemberbelievedtobegrantingormaintainingthesubsidyinquestionshallenterintosuchconsultationsasquicklyaspossible.Thepurposeoftheconsultationsshallbetoclarifythefactsofthesituationandtoarriveatamutuallyagreedsolution.

4.4       Ifnomutuallyagreedsolutionhasbeenreachedwithin30days（6） oftherequestforconsultations,anyMemberpartytosuchconsultationsmayreferthemattertotheDisputeSettlementBody（“DSB”）fortheimmediateestablishmentofapanel,unlesstheDSBdecidesbyconsensusnottoestablishapanel.

4.5       Uponitsestablishment,thepanelmayrequesttheassistanceofthePermanentGroupofExperts（7）（referredtointhisAgreementasthe“PGE”）withregardtowhetherthemeasureinquestionisaprohibitedsubsidy.Ifsorequested,thePGEshallimmediatelyreviewtheevidencewithregardtotheexistenceandnatureofthemeasureinquestionandshallprovideanopportunityfortheMemberapplyingormaintainingthemeasuretodemonstratethatthemeasureinquestionisnotaprohibitedsubsidy.ThePGEshallreportitsconclusionstothepanelwithinatime-limitdeterminedbythepanel.ThePGE’sconclusionsontheissueofwhetherornotthemeasureinquestionisaprohibitedsubsidyshallbeacceptedbythepanelwithoutmodification.

4.6       Thepanelshallsubmititsfinalreporttothepartiestothedispute.ThereportshallbecirculatedtoallMemberswithin90 daysofthedateofthecompositionandtheestablishmentofthepanel’stermsofreference.

4.7       Ifthemeasureinquestionisfoundtobeaprohibitedsubsidy,thepanelshallrecommendthatthesubsidizingMemberwithdrawthesubsidywithoutdelay.Inthisregard,thepanelshallspecifyinitsrecommendationthetimeperiodwithinwhichthemeasuremustbewithdrawn.

4.8       Within30daysoftheissuanceofthepanel’sreporttoallMembers,thereportshallbeadoptedbytheDSBunlessoneofthepartiestothedisputeformallynotifiestheDSBofitsdecisiontoappealortheDSBdecidesbyconsensusnottoadoptthereport.

4.9       Whereapanelreportisappealed,theAppellateBodyshallissueitsdecisionwithin30daysfromthedatewhenthepartytothedisputeformallynotifiesitsintentiontoappeal.WhentheAppellateBodyconsidersthatitcannotprovideitsreportwithin30days,itshallinformtheDSBinwritingofthereasonsforthedelaytogetherwithanestimateoftheperiodwithinwhichitwillsubmititsreport.Innocaseshalltheproceedingsexceed60days.TheappellatereportshallbeadoptedbytheDSBandunconditionallyacceptedbythepartiestothedisputeunlesstheDSBdecidesbyconsensusnottoadopttheappellatereportwithin20daysfollowingitsissuancetotheMembers.（8）

4.10       IntheeventtherecommendationoftheDSBisnotfollowedwithinthetimeperiodspecifiedbythepanel,whichshallcommencefromthedateofadoptionofthepanel’sreportortheAppellateBody’sreport,theDSBshallgrantauthorizationtothecomplainingMembertotakeappropriate（9）countermeasures,unlesstheDSBdecidesbyconsensustorejecttherequest.

4.11       Intheeventapartytothedisputerequestsarbitrationunderparagraph6ofArticle22oftheDisputeSettlementUnderstanding（“DSU”）,thearbitratorshalldeterminewhetherthecountermeasuresareappropriate.（10）

4.12       ForpurposesofdisputesconductedpursuanttothisArticle,exceptfortimeperiodsspecificallyprescribedinthisArticle,timeperiodsapplicableundertheDSUfortheconductofsuchdisputesshallbehalfthetimeprescribedtherein.

PartIII:

ActionableSubsidies

Article5:

AdverseEffects

NoMembershouldcause,throughtheuseofanysubsidyreferredtoinparagraphs1and2ofArticle 1,adverseeffectstotheinterestsofotherMembers,i.e.:

（a）       injurytothedomesticindustryofanotherMember（11）;

（b）       nullificationorimpairmentofbenefitsaccruingdirectlyorindirectlytootherMembersunderGATT 1994inparticularthebenefitsofconcessionsboundunderArticle IIofGATT 1994（12）;

（c）       seriousprejudicetotheinterestsofanotherMember.（13）

ThisArticledoesnotapplytosubsidiesmaintainedonagriculturalproductsasprovidedinArticle13oftheAgreementonAgriculture.

Article6:

SeriousPrejudice

6.1       Seriousprejudiceinthesenseofparagraph（c）ofArticle 5shallbedeemedtoexistinthecaseof:

（a）       thetotalad valoremsubsidization（14） ofaproductexceeding5 percent（15）:

（b）       subsidiestocoveroperatinglossessustainedbyanindustry;

（c）       subsidiestocoveroperatinglossessustainedbyanenterprise,otherthanone-timemeasur