高三英语考前冲刺卷一.docx
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高三英语考前冲刺卷一
考前冲刺卷
(一)
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Vehiclesoftencomeintoconflictwithothervehiclesandpedestrianswhentheirintendedcoursesoftravelintersect(交叉),andendupbeingineachother’sway.Thegeneralprinciplethatestablisheswhohastherighttogofirstiscalled“rightofway”,or“priority”.Itdetermineswhohastherighttousetheconflictingpartoftheroadandwhohastowait.Signs,signals,markingsandotherfeaturesareoftenusedtomakepriorityclear.
Adrivermustyield(让)therightofwaytootherdrivers:
●WhenapproachingaYIELDsign.Slowdownorstoptoavoidacrash.
●Evenafterthelightturnsgreenwhentherearevehiclesintheintersection.
●Whenapproachingemergencyvehiclesusingsoundingorflashingsirens(警报器).
●Aftercomingtoacompletestopatanintersectionwherethereisastopsignoraflashingredsignal.Ifthereisnostopline,stopbeforethecrosswalk.
●Whenmakingaleftturnonaredlightafterastopfromaonewaystreettoanotheronewaystreetwithtrafficmovingtotheleft.(SeeFigureA.)
●Whentwovehiclesondifferentroadwaysarriveatafourwaystopintersectionatthesametime,thevehicleshouldyieldtothevehicleonitsright.(SeeFigureB.)
●Whencomingoutofanalley,building,privateroadordrivewayaftercomingtoacompletestop.(SeeFigureC.)
●Whencrossingtrafficattheendofa“T”roadwithnotrafficcontrolsignsorsignals.(SeeFigureD.)
1.What’sthepurposeofthetext?
A.Toexplainthelawofrightofway.
B.Toillustratetrafficsignsandsignals.
C.Toinformdriversofgeneraltrafficrules.
D.Tointroducetrafficrulestopedestrians.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。
文章主要描述了道路行车规则,故可推理文章的目的在于解释路权法。
故选A。
2.Whichistherightbehavioraccordingtothetext?
A.Driveononcethelightturnsgreen.
B.Keepdrivingifthereisnostopline.
C.Yieldtoemergencyvehiclesatanytime.
D.SlowdownwhenapproachingaYIELDsign.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据Adrivermustyield(让)therightofwaytootherdrivers部分第一点“WhenapproachingaYIELDsign.Slowdownorstoptoavoidacrash.”可知当靠近让路标志时,要减速或停车以避免相撞。
故选D。
3.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsisTRUEaccordingtothefigures?
A.FigureA:
BshouldyieldtoA.
B.FigureB:
AshouldyieldtoB.
C.FigureC:
AshouldyieldtoB.
D.FigureD:
AshouldyieldtoB.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
倒数第三点“Whentwovehiclesondifferentroadwaysarriveatafourwaystopintersectionatthesametime,thevehicleshouldyieldtothevehicleonitsright.”(当两辆行驶在不同道路上的车辆同时到达四路交叉口时,车辆应向其右侧车辆让路。
)故B图像中A车辆应当给B车辆让行。
故选B。
B
Forsomeyears,mymotherworkedforacharityasPresidentandSecretary.Sellingraffletickets(兑奖券)washermainmeansofbringinginthecharity’smuchneededfunds.Wegirlswouldaccompanyher,sellingticketswithgreatsuccess.Myfathermadeanddonatedbeautifulwoodentoys,jewelleryboxesandotherlovelyitemsasprizes.
Nowmysisterwasalwayscomingupwith“goodideas”,mostofwhichdidn’tworkouttoplan.Butthatdidn’tdeterher.Shehadmanyjustwaitingtobetested.WhenshewaseightandIwasjustfive,wehadawonderfulideaforabusinessadventure.Wedecidedwewouldsellraffleticketsforcharity,andthatcharitywasus!
Sooneafternoon,wetoldourmotherweweregoingtoplayintheparkwithourcousinsaswedidmostdaysafterschool.Butinstead,wewalkedaroundthestreetsarmedwitharafflebook,apenandalargeclothbagtocarrythemoney.
We’daccompaniedourmothermanytimeswhenshesoldtickets,sopeoplewerefamiliarwithuswhenweappearedattheirdoors.Despitetheblanklookstheyreceivedwhenaskingabouttheprizesonoffer,theywereverygenerous.Althoughtherewerenoactualprizes,ourmother’sprevioustrackrecordenabledustosellnearlythewholebookofraffletickets.
Likealittlepairoflottery(彩票)winners,wewalkedhomeandproudlyshowedoffourtakings.Butourenjoymentofthissuddenwealthwasshortlived,andourplansforspendingitquicklyfailed.Ourangrymothertookusbacktoeveryticketbuyer,makingusapologiseandgivethemoneyback.Thankfully,oursweetneighboursdidn’tmakeabigdealofour“clever”misbehaviorandthusmymother’sfundraisingcareercouldcontinuesafely.Weweretaughtagoodlessonbyourmotherthatday.AlsoIremembermysister’sentrepreneurial(企业家的)spiritdriedupabitafterthat.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文,姐妹俩假借妈妈之名出售兑奖券且企图将所得据为己有。
事后在妈妈的教育下,姐妹俩意识到自己的错误,对自己的行为进行了诚恳地道歉。
4.Whatdidtheauthor’sfatherdo?
A.Hegotprizesready.
B.Hesoldhandmadeitems.
C.Hewasinchargeofacharity.
D.Hehelpeddesignraffletickets.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Myfathermadeanddonatedbeautifulwoodentoys,jewelleryboxesandotherlovelyitemsasprizes.”可知,父亲会准备兑奖券上的奖品。
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inParagraph2mean?
A.Embarrass.B.Shock.
C.Discourage.D.Mislead.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。
由转折词But以及下文提到的姐姐继续具体实施她的想法可知,之前的失败并没有阻止姐姐。
deter意为“阻止”。
6.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthorandhersisterwhilesellingraffletickets?
A.Theyranintotheirmother.
B.Theymetsomegenerousstrangers.
C.Theygotlostwhilewalkingaroundthestreets.
D.Theytookadvantageofpeople’strustintheirmother.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Althoughtherewerenoactualprizes,ourmother’sprevioustrackrecordenabledustosellnearlythewholebookofraffletickets.”可知,姐妹俩利用人们对妈妈的信任得以出售出很多兑奖券。
7.Whatlessondidtheauthorandhersisterlearn?
A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.
B.What’sdonecan’tbeundone.
C.Misfortunenevercomesalone.
D.Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Ourangrymother...makingusapologiseandgivethemoneyback...Weweretaughtagoodlessonbyourmotherthatday.”可知,妈妈对于姐妹俩故作聪明的小把戏非常气愤,命令二人向奖券购买者道歉,并退还所得。
根据故事情节推断,妈妈应是教姐妹俩做人要诚实。
C
Thestrikingbrightblues,yellows,andorangesofpoisontreefrogsareaclassicexampleofwarningcoloration,sendingamessagetopredators(捕食者)tostayaway.Butsomewhatcounterintuitively(反直觉地),thesecolorsmaybehelpingthefrogshideinplainsight,accordingtoanewstudy.
ThesefrogsliveontheforestfloorinthelowlandrainforestsofSouthAmerica’sGuianaShield.Thefrogsareblueblackwithabrightyellowringaroundtheirheadandback,whichmaybebrokenorjoinedtoformafigureeight.Likeafingerprint,thepatternisuniquetoeachfrog.
Predatorsgenerallylearnthatsuchbrightlycoloredfrogsarepoisonousandtendtoavoidthem.Butthisdoesn’talwayswork.Foolishpredatorsignorethewarning,whilesomebirdsandsnakesseemtobeabletoeatpoisonousfrogswithfewilleffects.
Soresearcherswonderedwhetherthesepoisonfrogshaveanotherwayofprotectingthemselves—camouflage(保护色).Tofindout,theyfirsttestedcomputationalmodelsofpredatorvisiononpicturesofthefrogs.Theirresultssuggestedthatalthoughthefrogsareobviousatcloserange,theircolorsandpatternsblend(融合)withtherainforestbackgroundasviewingdistanceincreases.
Totestthoseresults,theyplacedmodelfrogsondifferentbackgroundsinarainforesttoseehowwildpredatorsreacted.Predatorsattackedthefrogsmoreoftenwhentheywereplacedatop(在……的顶上)apictureofplainsoiloracoloredpapersquare,butlessoftenwhentheywereontheactualrainforestfloor.
Andhumansseemtofallforthetrick,too:
Peoplewhosawpicturesoffrogsintherainforesttooklongertospottherealfrogsatadistancethanafrogthathadbeenaltered(使变样)sothatitdidn’thavethesamecolorsandpatterns.Together,thissuggeststhatalthoughthesepoisonfrogsarehighlyvisibleatcloserange,fromfarawaytheircolorsblendtogetherfortheperfectrainforestcamouflage.Theresearchersconsiderthatthefrog’spatternismadeupofaspecificdistributionofcolorstogiveitthebestofbothworlds.
语篇解读 本文是说明文。
最新研究发现,生活在南美洲的一种毒树蛙,其鲜艳的皮肤颜色与周围的环境融为一体,使得捕食者不容易发现它们。
8.Whatdoesthenewstudyaboutpoisontreefrogsfocuson?
A.Howtheirpredatorscatchthem.
B.Howtheirbrightcolorsprotectthem.
C.Whattheirbrightcolorsare.
D.Whattheirpredatorsare.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“thesecolorsmaybehelpingthefrogshideinplainsight,accordingtoanewstudy”可知,B项正确。
9.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph.
B.Useexamplestosupportthetopic.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.
D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
答案 C
解析 写作目的题。
第二段中作者介绍了毒树蛙的生活地点以及皮肤颜色的构成,作者写本段的目的是提供背景知识。
10.Whatcanbelearntabouttheresultsachievedbytheresearchers?
A.Theyconfirmedtheirassumption.
B.Theychangedtheirresearchdirection.
C.Theyneededmoreresearchdatasupport.
D.Theydisagreedwithpreviousresearchfindings.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段及第五段的内容可知,研究者们设想毒树蛙用鲜艳的皮肤颜色作为保护色,使自己与雨林融为一体来保护自己。
为了验证这一设想,研究人员进行了两次科学实验,实验结果均证实了这一设想。
11.Whatdoweknowaboutthetestdoneinthewild?
A.Theresearchersusedrealfrogs.
B.Theresearchersusedcomputationaltechnology.
C.Predatorshaddifficultyfindingfrogsnearthem.
D.Predatorscouldspotfrogsonplainsoilmoreeasily.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“Predatorsattackedthefrogsmoreoftenwhentheywereplacedatop(在……的顶上)apictureofplainsoil”可知,在野外进行的实验中,捕食者对于放在纯地面背景上的毒蛙模型进行了更频繁的攻击,也就是说,捕食者更容易发现置于纯地面背景上的青蛙。
D
IntheUnitedStates,thebabyboomergeneration(婴儿潮一代)includethosewhowereborninthetimeafterWorldWarⅡ.Thosebabieshaveretiredorarenowreachingtheretirementage.Astheseadultsage,manyoftheiradultchildrenworryabouthowtotakecareoftheiragingparents.IntheUnitedStatesitisnotcommonforseveralgenerationstoliveunderoneroof.Oncechildrengrowupandgetmarried,theymoveout,leavingtheiragingparentstocareforthemselves.Whentheseagingparentscannolongertakecareofthemselvesbecauseofageorillness,itisnotuncommonforadultchildrenintheUStoplacetheirelderlyparentsinanursingho