政府采购协议GPA.docx

政府采购协议GPA.docx

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政府采购协议GPA

（PTA协议）多边贸易协定

（GPA）政府采购协议

AgreementonGovernmentProcurement

PartiestothisAgreement（hereinafterreferredtoas“Parties”）,

Recognizingtheneedforaneffectivemultilateralframeworkofrightsandobligationswithrespecttolaws,regulations,proceduresandpracticesregardinggovernmentprocurementwithaviewtoachievinggreaterliberalizationandexpansionofworldtradeandimprovingtheinternationalframeworkfortheconductofworldtrade;

Recognizingthatlaws,regulations,proceduresandpracticesregardinggovernmentprocurementshouldnotbeprepared,adoptedorappliedtoforeignordomesticproductsandservicesandtoforeignordomesticsupplierssoastoaffordprotectiontodomesticproductsorservicesordomesticsuppliersandshouldnotdiscriminateamongforeignproductsorservicesoramongforeignsuppliers;

Recognizingthatitisdesirabletoprovidetransparencyoflaws,regulations,proceduresandpracticesregardinggovernmentprocurement;

Recognizingtheneedtoestablishinternationalproceduresonnotification,consultation,surveillanceanddisputesettlementwithaviewtoensuringafair,promptandeffectiveenforcementoftheinternationalprovisionsongovernmentprocurementandtomaintainthebalanceofrightsandobligationsatthehighestpossiblelevel;

Recognizingtheneedtotakeintoaccountthedevelopment,financialandtradeneedsofdevelopingcountries,inparticulartheleast-developedcountries;

Desiring,inaccordancewithparagraph6（b）ofArticleIXoftheAgreementonGovernmentProcurementdoneon12April1979,asamendedon2February1987,tobroadenandimprovetheAgreementonthebasisofmutualreciprocityandtoexpandthecoverageoftheAgreementtoincludeservicecontracts;

DesiringtoencourageacceptanceofandaccessiontothisAgreementbygovernmentsnotpartytoit;

Havingundertakenfurthernegotiationsinpursuanceoftheseobjectives;

Herebyagreeasfollows:

ArticleI:

ScopeandCoveragebacktotop

1.ThisAgreementappliestoanylaw,regulation,procedureorpracticeregardinganyprocurementbyentitiescoveredbythisAgreement,asspecifiedinAppendixI.

（1）

2.ThisAgreementappliestoprocurementbyanycontractualmeans,includingthroughsuchmethodsaspurchaseoraslease,rentalorhirepurchase,withorwithoutanoptiontobuy,includinganycombinationofproductsandservices.

3.Whereentities,inthecontextofprocurementcoveredunderthisAgreement,requireenterprisesnotincludedinAppendixItoawardcontractsinaccordancewithparticularrequirements,ArticleIIIshallapplymutatismutandistosuchrequirements.

4.ThisAgreementappliestoanyprocurementcontractofavalueofnotlessthantherelevantthresholdspecifiedinAppendixI.

ArticleII:

ValuationofContractsbacktotop

1.Thefollowingprovisionsshallapplyindeterminingthevalueofcontracts

（2）forpurposesofimplementingthisAgreement.

2.Valuationshalltakeintoaccountallformsofremuneration,includinganypremiums,fees,commissionsandinterestreceivable.

3.Theselectionofthevaluationmethodbytheentityshallnotbeused,norshallanyprocurementrequirementbedivided,withtheintentionofavoidingtheapplicationofthisAgreement.

4.Ifanindividualrequirementforaprocurementresultsintheawardofmorethanonecontract,orincontractsbeingawardedinseparateparts,thebasisforvaluationshallbeeither:

（a）theactualvalueofsimilarrecurringcontractsconcludedoverthepreviousfiscalyearor12monthsadjusted,wherepossible,foranticipatedchangesinquantityandvalueoverthesubsequent12months;or

（b）theestimatedvalueofrecurringcontractsinthefiscalyearor12monthssubsequenttotheinitialcontract.

5.Incasesofcontractsforthelease,rentalorhirepurchaseofproductsorservices,orinthecaseofcontractswhichdonotspecifyatotalprice,thebasisforvaluationshallbe:

（a）inthecaseoffixed-termcontracts,wheretheirtermis12monthsorless,thetotalcontractvaluefortheirduration,or,wheretheirtermexceeds12months,theirtotalvalueincludingtheestimatedresidualvalue;

（b）inthecaseofcontractsforanindefiniteperiod,themonthlyinstalmentmultipliedby48.

Ifthereisanydoubt,thesecondbasisforvaluation,namely（b）,istobeused.

6.Incaseswhereanintendedprocurementspecifiestheneedforoptionclauses,thebasisforvaluationshallbethetotalvalueofthemaximumpermissibleprocurement,inclusiveofoptionalpurchases.

ArticleIII:

NationalTreatmentandNon-discriminationbacktotop

1.Withrespecttoalllaws,regulations,proceduresandpracticesregardinggovernmentprocurementcoveredbythisAgreement,eachPartyshallprovideimmediatelyandunconditionallytotheproducts,servicesandsuppliersofotherPartiesofferingproductsorservicesoftheParties,treatmentnolessfavourablethan:

（a）thataccordedtodomesticproducts,servicesandsuppliers;and

（b）thataccordedtoproducts,servicesandsuppliersofanyotherParty.

2.Withrespecttoalllaws,regulations,proceduresandpracticesregardinggovernmentprocurementcoveredbythisAgreement,eachPartyshallensure:

（a）thatitsentitiesshallnottreatalocally-establishedsupplierlessfavourablythananotherlocally-establishedsupplieronthebasisofdegreeofforeignaffiliationorownership;and

（b）thatitsentitiesshallnotdiscriminateagainstlocally-establishedsuppliersonthebasisofthecountryofproductionofthegoodorservicebeingsupplied,providedthatthecountryofproductionisaPartytotheAgreementinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticleIV.

3.Theprovisionsofparagraphs1and2shallnotapplytocustomsdutiesandchargesofanykindimposedonorinconnectionwithimportation,themethodoflevyingsuchdutiesandcharges,otherimportregulationsandformalities,andmeasuresaffectingtradeinservicesotherthanlaws,regulations,proceduresandpracticesregardinggovernmentprocurementcoveredbythisAgreement.

ArticleIV:

RulesofOriginbacktotop

1.APartyshallnotapplyrulesoforigintoproductsorservicesimportedorsuppliedforpurposesofgovernmentprocurementcoveredbythisAgreementfromotherParties,whicharedifferentfromtherulesoforiginappliedinthenormalcourseoftradeandatthetimeofthetransactioninquestiontoimportsorsuppliesofthesameproductsorservicesfromthesameParties.

2.FollowingtheconclusionoftheworkprogrammefortheharmonizationofrulesoforiginforgoodstobeundertakenundertheAgreementonRulesofOrigininAnnex1AoftheAgreementEstablishingtheWorldTradeOrganization（hereinafterreferredtoas“WTOAgreement”）andnegotiationsregardingtradeinservices,Partiesshalltaketheresultsofthatworkprogrammeandthosenegotiationsintoaccountinamendingparagraph1asappropriate.

ArticleV:

SpecialandDifferentialTreatmentforDevelopingCountriesbacktotop

Objectives

1.Partiesshall,intheimplementationandadministrationofthisAgreement,throughtheprovisionssetoutinthisArticle,dulytakeintoaccountthedevelopment,financialandtradeneedsofdevelopingcountries,inparticularleast-developedcountries,intheirneedto:

（a）safeguardtheirbalance-of-paymentspositionandensurealevelofreservesadequatefortheimplementationofprogrammesofeconomicdevelopment;

（b）promotetheestablishmentordevelopmentofdomesticindustriesincludingthedevelopmentofsmall-scaleandcottageindustriesinruralorbackwardareas;andeconomicdevelopmentofothersectorsoftheeconomy;

（c）supportindustrialunitssolongastheyarewhollyorsubstantiallydependentongovernmentprocurement;and

（d）encouragetheireconomicdevelopmentthroughregionalorglobalarrangementsamongdevelopingcountriespresentedtotheMinisterialConferenceoftheWorldTradeOrganization（hereinafterreferredtoasthe“WTO”）andnotdisapprovedbyit.

2.ConsistentlywiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement,eachPartyshall,inthepreparationandapplicationoflaws,regulationsandproceduresaffectinggovernmentprocurement,facilitateincreasedimportsfromdevelopingcountries,bearinginmindthespecialproblemsofleast-developedcountriesandofthosecountriesatlowstagesofeconomicdevelopment.

Coverage

3.WithaviewtoensuringthatdevelopingcountriesareabletoadheretothisAgreementontermsconsistentwiththeirdevelopment,financialandtradeneeds,theobjectiveslistedinparagraph1shallbedulytakenintoaccountinthecourseofnegotiationswithrespecttotheprocurementofdevelopingcountriestobecoveredbytheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Developedcountries,inthepreparationoftheircoveragelistsundertheprovisionsofthisAgreement,shallendeavourtoincludeentitiesprocuringproductsandservicesofexportinteresttodevelopingcountries.

AgreedExclusions

4.AdevelopingcountrymaynegotiatewithotherparticipantsinnegotiationsunderthisAgreementmutuallyacceptableexclusionsfromtherulesonnationaltreatmentwithrespecttocertainentities,productsorservicesthatareincludedinitscoveragelists,havingregardtotheparticularcircumstancesofeachcase.Insuchnegotiations,theconsiderationsmentionedinsubparagraphs1（a）through1（c）shallbedulytakenintoaccount.Adevelopingcountryparticipatinginregionalorglobalarrangementsamongdevelopingcountriesreferredtoinsubparagraph1（d）mayalsonegotiateexclusionstoitslists,havingregardtotheparticularcircumstancesofeachcase,takingintoaccount,interalia,theprovisionsongovernmentprocurementprovidedforintheregionalorglobalarrangementsco