XX英语演讲稿Atoms for Peace.docx
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XX英语演讲稿AtomsforPeace
XX英语演讲稿:
AtomsforPeace
MadamPresidentandMembersoftheGeneralAssembly:
WhenSecretaryGeneralHammarskjold’sinvitationtoaddressthisGeneralAssemblyreachedmeinBermuda,IwasjustbeginningaseriesofconferenceswiththePrimeMinistersandForeignMinistersofGreatBritainandofFrance.Oursubjectwassomeoftheproblemsthatbesetour theremainderoftheBermudaConference,Ihadconstantlyinmindthataheadofmelayagreathonor.Thathonorisminetoday,asIstandhere,privilegedtoaddresstheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnited thesametimethatIappreciatethedistinctionofaddressingyou,IhaveasenseofexhilarationasIlookuponthisAssembly.Neverbeforeinhistoryhassomuchhopeforsomanypeoplebeengatheredtogetherinasingleorganization.Yourdeliberationsanddecisionsduringthesesomberyearshavealreadyrealizedpartofthose thegreattestsandthegreatacplishmentsstilllieahead.Andintheconfidentexpectationofthoseacplishments,Iwouldusetheofficewhich,forthetimebeing,Ihold,toassureyouthattheGovernmentoftheUnitedStateswillremainsteadfastinitssupportofthisbody.Thisweshalldointheconvictionthatyouwillprovideagreatshareofthewisdom,ofthecourage,andthefaithwhichcanbringtothisworldlastingpeaceforallnations,andhappinessandwell-beingforall,itwouldnotbefittingformetotakethisoccasiontopresenttoyouaunilateralAmericanreportonBermuda.Nevertheless,IassureyouthatinourdeliberationsonthatlovelyislandwesoughttoinvokethosesamegreatconceptsofuniversalpeaceandhumandignitywhicharesocleanlyetchedinyourCharter.Neitherwoulditbeameasureofthisgreatopportunitymerelytorecite,howeverhopefully,pious thereforedecidedthatthisoccasionwarrantedmysayingtoyousomeofthethingsthathavebeenonthemindsandheartsofmylegislativeandexecutive
eassociates,andonmine,foragreatmanymonths--thoughtsIhadoriginallyplannedtosayprimarilytotheAmerican knowthattheAmericanpeoplesharemydeepbeliefthatifadangerexistsintheworld,itisadangersharedbyall;andequally,thatifhopeexistsinthemindofonenation,thathopeshouldbesharedby,ifthereistobeadvancedanyproposaldesignedtoeaseevenbythesmallestmeasurethetensionsoftoday’sworld,whatmoreappropriateaudiencecouldtherebethanthemembersoftheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations.Ifeelimpelledtospeaktodayinalanguagethatinasenseisnew,onewhichI,whohavespentsomuchofmylifeinthemilitaryprofession,wouldhavepreferrednevertouse.Thatnewlanguageisthelanguageofatomic atomicagehasmovedforwardatsuchapacethateverycitizenoftheworldshouldhavesomeprehension,atleastinparativeterms,oftheextentofthisdevelopment,oftheutmostsignificancetoeveryoneofus.Clearly,ifthepeoplesoftheworldaretoconductanintelligentsearchforpeace,theymustbearmedwiththesignificantfactsoftoday’s recitalofatomicdangerandpowerisnecessarilystatedinUnitedStatesterms,forthesearetheonlyincontrovertiblefactsthatIknow.IneedhardlypointouttothisAssembly,however,thatthissubjectisglobal,notmerelynationalin July16,1945,theUnitedStatessetofftheworld’sfirstatomic thatdatein1945,theUnitedStatesofAmericahasconductedforty-twotestexplosions.Atomicbombstodayaremorethantwenty-fivetimesaspowerfulastheweaponswithwhichtheatomicagedawned,whilehydrogenweaponsareintherangesofmillionsoftonsofTNT,theUnitedStatesstockpileofatomicweapons,which,ofcourse,increasesdaily,exceedsbymanytimesthetotal[explosive]equivalentofthetotalofallbombsandallshellst
hatcamefromeveryplaneandeverygunineverytheatreofwarinalltheyearsofWorldWar singleairgroup,whetherafloatorlandbased,cannowdelivertoanyreachabletargetadestructivecargoexceedinginpowerallthebombsthatfellonBritaininallofWorldWarII.Insizeandvariety,thedevelopmentofatomicweaponshasbeennolessremarkable.Thedevelopmenthasbeensuchthatatomicweaponshavevirtuallyachievedconventionalstatuswithinourarmed theUnitedStates,theArmy,theNavy,theAirForce,andtheMarineCorpsareallcapableofputtingthisweapontomilitaryuse.Butthedreadsecretandthefearfulenginesofatomicmightarenotours thefirstplace,thesecretispossessedbyourfriendsandallies,GreatBritainandCanada,whosescientificgeniusmadeatremendouscontributiontoouroriginaldiscoveriesandthedesignsofatomic secretisalsoknownbytheSoviet SovietUnionhasinformedusthat,overrecentyears,ithasdevotedextensiveresourcestoatomicweapons.DuringthisperiodtheSovietUnionhasexplodedaseriesofatomicdevices,includingatleastoneinvolvingthermo-nuclearreactions.IfatonetimetheUnitesStatespossessedwhatmighthavebeencalledamonopolyofatomicpower,thatmonopolyceasedtoexistseveralyears,althoughourearlierstarthaspermittedustoaccumulatewhatistodayagreatquantitativeadvantage,theatomicrealitiesoftodayprehendtwofactsofevengreater,theknowledgenowpossessedbyseveralnationswilleventuallybesharedbyothers,possiblyall,evenavastsuperiorityinnumbersofweapons,andaconsequentcapabilityofdevastatingretaliation,isnopreventive,ofitself,againstthefearfulmaterialdamageandtollofhumanlivesthatwouldbeinflictedbysurpriseaggression.Thefreeworld,atleastdimlyawareofthesefacts,hasnaturallyembarkedonala
rgeprogramofwarninganddefensesystems.Thatprogramwillbeacceleratedandexpanded.Butletnoonethinkthattheexpenditureofvastsumsforweaponsandsystemsofdefensecanguaranteeabsolutesafetyforthecitiesandcitizensofanynation.Theawfularithmeticoftheatomicbombdoesnotpermitofanysucheasysolution.Evenagainstthemostpowerfuldefense,anaggressorinpossessionoftheeffectiveminimumnumberofatomicbombsforasurpriseattackcouldprobablyplaceasufficientnumberofhisbombsonthechosentargetstocausehideous suchanatomicattackbelaunchedagainsttheUnitedStates,ourreactionswouldbeswiftandresolute.ButformetosaythatthedefensecapabilitiesoftheUnitedStatesaresuchthattheycouldinflictterriblelossesuponanaggressor,formetosaythattheretaliationcapabilitiesoftheUnitesStatesaresogreatthatsuchanaggressor’slandwouldbelaidwaste,allthis,whilefact,isnotthetrueexpressionofthepurposeandthehopeoftheUnited pausetherewouldbetoconfirmthehopelessfinalityofabeliefthattwoatomiccolossiaredoomedmalevolentlytoeyeeachotherindefinitelyacrossatremblingworld.Tostoptherewouldbetoaccepthelplesslytheprobabilityofcivilizationdestroyed,theannihilationoftheirreplaceableheritageofmankindhandeddowntousegenerationfromgeneration,andthecondemnationofmankindtobeginalloveragaintheage-oldstruggleupwardfromsavagerytowarddecency,andright,andjustice.Surelynosanememberofthehumanracecoulddiscovervictoryinsuch anyonewishhisnametobecoupledbyhistorywithsuchhumandegradationanddestruction?
Occasionalpagesofhistorydorecordthefacesofthe“greatdestroyers,”butthewholebookofhistoryrevealsmankind’snever-endingquestforpeaceandmankind’sGod-givencapacityto iswiththebookofhistory,andnotwithisolatedpages,that
theUnitedStateswilleverwishtobeidentified.Mycountrywantstobeconstructive,notdestructive.Itwantsagreements,notwars,amongnations.Itwantsitselftoliveinfreedomandintheconfidencethatthepeopleofeveryothernationenjoyequallytherightofchoosingtheirownwayof mycountry’spurposeistohelpustomoveoutofthedarkchamberofhorrorsintothelight,tofindawaybywhichthemindsofmen,thehopesofmen,thesoulsofmeneverywhere,canmoveforwardtowardspeaceandhappinessand thisquest,Iknowthatwemustnotlackpatience.Iknowthatinaworlddivided,suchasourstoday,salvationcannotbeattainedbyonedramaticact.Iknowthatmanystepswillhavetobetakenovermanymonthsbeforetheworldcanlookatitselfonedayandtrulyrealizethatanewclimateofmutuallypeacefulconfidenceisabroadintheworld.ButIknow,aboveallelse,thatwemuststarttotakethesesteps UnitedStatesanditsallies,GreatBritainandFrance,have,overthepastmonths,triedtotakesomeofthesesteps.Letnoonesaythatweshuntheconferencetable.OntherecordhaslongstoodtherequestoftheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andFrancetonegotiatewiththeSovietUniontheproblemsofadividedGermany.OnthatrecordhaslongstoodtherequestofthesamethreenationstonegotiateanAustrianpeacetreaty.OnthesamerecordstillstandstherequestoftheUnitedNationstonegotiatetheproblemsof recentlywehavereceivedfromtheSovietUnionwhatisineffectanexpressionofwillingnesstoholdafour-Powermeeting.Alongwithourallies,GreatBritainandFrance,wewerepleasedtoseethathisnotedidnotcontaintheunacceptablepre-conditionspreviouslyputforward.AsyoualreadyknowfromourjointBermudamuniqué,theUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andFrancehaveagreedpromptlytomeetwiththeSoviet GovernmentoftheUnitedStatesappr
oachesthisconferencewithhopefulsincerity.Wewillbendeveryeffortofourmindstothesinglepurposeofemergingfromthatconferencewithtangibleresultstowardspeace,theonlytruewayoflesseninginternationaltension.Weneverhave,weneverwill,proposeorsuggestthattheSovietUnionsurrenderwha