学年福建省三明市高一上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版.docx

学年福建省三明市高一上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版.docx

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学年福建省三明市高一上学期期末考试英语试题解析版

福建省三明市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

一、阅读选择

ProfessionalrockclimberEmilyHarringtonhasmadehistoryaftersuccessfullyfreeclimbingYosemiteNationalPark'sElCapitanlastWednesday.

Harrington,34,becamethefourthperson—andthefirstwoman—toeverscalethe3,000-footElCapitanwithoutthehelpofaropeorotherequipment.“Thepeoplebeforemewhohaveachievedthisarekindoflikesomeofmyheroesinrockclimbing,”shesaid,“soitfeelsprettyspecialtojointhatgroup.”

ButHarrington'sclimbwasnotwithoutinjury—atonepoint,sheslidandwasleftwithaseriouswoundonherforeheadthatrequiredhertotakeabreak.“ItookafallandIcouldn'tgetmyfeetoutandmyheadactuallyhitthewall,”sherecalled,“Igotthiswoundonmyforehead.Irestedalittlebitlonger,bandaged（包扎）itup,andthentriedagain,”Harringtonsaid，addingthatalthoughshe“kindofdidn'treallywanttotryagain,”shepoweredthroughbecause“IfeltlikeIshouldtryagain.”

After21hoursand13minutes,HarringtonscaledallofElCapitan,achievingafeat（壮举）shefailedtofinishtwicelastyear.“Thatwasmylifedream.Iachievedit,”shesaid.

Harringtonsaidshe'shopefulthatherjourneyhasinspiredothers.“Ihopethatasaresultofmystorymorepeoplewillgettoexperienceclimbing,oratleasttry.”

HarringtonpreviouslyscaledMt.Qomolangma,thetallestmountainintheworld.AsaformermemberoftheUSAclimbingteam,HarringtonhascompetedinfiveU.S.sportclimbingchampionshipsandtwoNorthAmericanchampionships.

1．WhatdowelearnaboutHarrington'sconqueringElCapitan?

A．Shetooknotoolstohelpher.

B．Sheclimbedupthemountainfreely.

C．ShewasthefirstpersontoclimbElCapitan.

D．Shegotthefourthplaceinthecompetition.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scale"inParagraph2probablymean?

A．Remove.B．Mount.

C．Measure.D．Weigh.

3．WhatdoesthewriterwanttoimpressonthereadersinParagraph4?

A．Theriskoftheclimbing.B．Harrington'sdetermination.

C．Themeaningoffailure.D．Harrington'sexpertskills.

4．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A．Harrington'sachievements.B．USsportclimbingevents.

C．Theclimbingteam'sarrangements.D．ThesecrettoHarrington'ssuccess.

5．Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?

A．Atraveljournal.B．Astorybook.

C．Anewsreport.D．Asciencemagazine.

【答案】

1．A

2．B

3．B

4．A

5．C

【分析】

这是一篇新闻报道。

文章报道了职业攀岩者EmilyHarrington上周三成功登顶Yosemite国家公园的酋长岩。

1．

推理判断题。

根据第二段中“Harrington,34,becamethefourthperson—andthefirstwoman—toeverscalethe3,000-footElCapitanwithoutthehelpofaropeorotherequipment.”（34岁的Harrington成为第4个人，也是第一个在没有绳索或其他设备的帮助下scale3000英尺高的酋长岩的女性。

）可知，Harrington在征服酋长岩时，没有带工具来帮助她。

故选A项。

2．

词句猜测题。

根据第一段（即划线词句上一句）“ProfessionalrockclimberEmilyHarringtonhasmadehistoryaftersuccessfullyfreeclimbingYosemiteNationalPark'sElCapitanlastWednesday.”（职业攀岩者EmilyHarrington上周三成功登顶Yosemite国家公园的酋长岩，创造了历史。

）可知，Harrington成功登顶了酋长岩，从而可推断“Harrington…toeverscalethe3,000-footElCapitan…”（Harrington……scale3000英尺高的酋长岩……）中的词汇scale应为“climb”（攀爬）的同义或近义词，选项B“攀登”与之意义相同。

故选B项。

3．

推理判断题。

根据第四段中“After21hoursand13minutes,HarringtonscaledallofElCapitan,achievingafeat（壮举）shefailedtofinishtwicelastyear.“Thatwasmylifedream.Iachievedit,”shesaid.”（经过21小时13分钟的努力，Harrington完成了整个酋长岩的攀登，这是她去年两次未能完成的壮举。

）可知，经历了两次失败后，Harrington不气馁，一定要完成这项壮举，最终成功，从而可见她的决心。

故选B项。

4．

主旨大意题。

根据最后一段“HarringtonpreviouslyscaledMt.Qomolangma,thetallestmountainintheworld.AsaformermemberoftheUSAclimbingteam,HarringtonhascompetedinfiveU.S.sportclimbingchampionshipsandtwoNorthAmericanchampionships.”（Harrington之前曾攀登过世界上最高的山珠穆朗玛峰。

作为美国登山队的前成员，哈林顿参加过五次美国攀岩运动锦标赛和两次北美锦标赛。

）可知，本段主要介绍Harrington的攀岩成就。

故选A项。

5．

推理判断题。

通读全文，尤其根据第一段“ProfessionalrockclimberEmilyHarringtonhasmadehistoryaftersuccessfullyfreeclimbingYosemiteNationalPark'sElCapitanlastWednesday.”（职业攀岩者EmilyHarrington上周三成功登顶Yosemite国家公园的酋长岩，创造了历史。

）可知，这是最近发生事实的报道，文章内容包括时间、地点、人物，事情的起因、经过和结果等一系列事实，从而推断文章来自新闻报道。

故选C项。

TikTokhaspushedanewsafetyupdateinNovembertoitsappthatallowsparentstotakemorecontroloftheirteenager'saccounts,associalmediacompaniescomeunderincreasingpressuretomaketheirplatformssaferforchildren.

ThecompanysaidTuesdaythatits“FamilyPairing”featurenowenablesparentstotumoffcommentsontheirchildren'svideosentirelyortolimitthemtofriendsonly.Parentswhoseaccountsarelinkedtotheirkidswillalsobeabletosettheiraccountstoprivate,turnoffthesearchfunctionforcontent,usersorsounds,andlimitwhocanseewhichvideostheirchildrenhaveliked.

Launched（发布）inMarch,theFamilyPairingtoolletsparentsseehowlongtheirchildrenarespendingonTikTokeachdayandlimitthecontenttheycansee.

TikTokallowschildrentoregisterandcreateanaccountifthey'reovertheageof13.Alltheyneedtodoisprovidetheirdateofbirth.However,becauseTikTokdoesn'trequireregisterstoprovetheiridentities,somechildrenunder13haveregisteredbylyingabouttheirage，accordingtoU.K.regulatorOfcom（英国通讯管理局）.

AlexandraEvans,headofchildsafetypublicpolicyforTikTokinEurope,toldCNBCthatFamilyPairinghas“putitselfinparents'shoes”sinceitwaslaunched.

“Ifwe'rethinkingaboutitasatoolbox,wewantedtooffermoretools,”shesaidonavideocallaheadoftheannouncement.

6．WhatpushedTikToktolaunchthenewupdate?

A．Thepressurefromsocialmedia.B．Theconcernaboutkids'onlinesafety.

C．Theforcefromgovernment.D．Theincreasingneedofusers.

7．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A．ThesafetytipsfromTikTok.B．NewappsexploredbyTikTok.

C．NewfunctionsofFamilyPairing.D．ThelimitsonFamilyPairing.

8．WhatisOfcommainlyconcernedabout?

A．Thedifficultyinopeninganaccount.B．Thelowagelimitforusers.

C．TikTok'sfailuretocheckidentities.D．Thedemandforusers'birthdates.

9．What'sEvansattitudetowardthenewFamilyPairing?

A．Uninterested.B．Objective.

C．Disappointed.D．Supportive.

10．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．TikTok'sSafetyUpdate.B．NewGuidelinesforSafety.

C．FamilyPairingunderDebate.D．ControllingYourKidsOnline.

【答案】

6．B

7．C

8．C

9．D

10．A

【分析】

这是一篇新闻报道。

文章报道了抖音发布了新的安全数据更新，数据的更新允许父母获得更多的权限控制孩子的抖音账号。

6．

细节理解题。

第一段“associalmediacompaniescomeunderincreasingpressuretomaketheirplatformssaferforchildren.（因为社交媒体公司受到了社会的压力，要求他们确保社交平台对于孩子们来说是安全的）”可知抖音发布安全数据更新是因为社会对孩子们能否安全使用网络的担忧，故本题选B。

7．

主旨大意题。

第二段“ThecompanysaidTuesdaythatits“FamilyPairing”featurenowenablesparentstotumoffcommentsontheirchildren'svideosentirelyortolimitthemtofriendsonly.（抖音公司说家庭配对功能让父母有权关掉对他们孩子视频的评论或限制视频为仅朋友可见）”可知第二段主要讨论家庭配对的新功能-关闭评论和视频可观看对象，故选C。

8．

细节理解题。

第四段“However,becauseTikTokdoesn'trequireregisterstoprovetheiridentities,somechildrenunder13haveregisteredbylyingabouttheirage（但是，因为抖音没有要求使用者提供身份证明，一些年龄未达13岁的孩子撒谎就可以开通账户了）”可知英国通讯管理局对于抖音不能严格核查用户身份感到担忧。

故选C。

9．

推理判断题。

第五段Evans在CNBC（全球性财经有线电视卫星新闻台）介绍了“FamilyPairinghas“putitselfinparents'shoes”sinceitwaslaunched.（从研发之日起家庭配对功能一直设身处地为父母着想）”可知Evans是很支持新发布的家庭配对功能，故选D。

10．

主旨大意题。

本文第一段段首“TikTokhaspushedanewsafetyupdateinNovembertoitsappthatallowsparentstotakemorecontroloftheirteenager'saccounts（抖音11月份更新应用上的安全数据，这次的更新允许父母获得更多的权限监控孩子们的抖音账号）”可知本段主要介绍抖音公司新的数据发布。

第二段和第三段介绍了数据更新带来的新功能-家庭配对给父母带来的权限。

第四段介绍了抖音在用户管理中存在的问题及引起的担忧，最后两段介绍了抖音公司管理者对本次数据更新的态度。

结合全文结构可知本文是总分结构，A项抖音公司的安全数据更新概括了全文的主旨，故选A项。

【点睛】

概括主旨的方法是：

先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。

此外，也可分析文章的结构，若文章为总分结构或分总结构，可从首段或最后一段分析文章的主旨大意。

本文结构明确，为总分结构，故考生可从第一段去分析本文的主旨找到能概括本文的标题。

AnimalsintheArctic,includingreindeerandgoldeneagles,aremigrating（迁徙）earlierduetoclimatechange，sayresearcherswhohavegatheredahugeamountofdatatostudythebehaviorof86Arcticspeciesoverthepastthreedecades.

“Wehavetheabilitytokeepoureyesonanimalmovementsonaverylargescale,”saysEliezerGurarieattheUniversityofMaryland.“Itseemsthatanimalsareunknowinglyreactingandadaptingtoclimaticchanges,andhavebeendoingforyears.”

GurarieandhisteamusedGPSandsatellitestotrackthespringmigrationofmorethan900femalereindeeroverthepast15years.Theydiscoveredthatthefemalesaremigratingtogivebirthaboutadayearlieryearonyear,probablyasaresultofwarmingtemperatures.EarlierbirthingtimescanberiskyinnorthernpartsoftheArctic,saysteammemberGilBohreratOhioStateUniversity.“Therearehigherchancesoftheirchildrenfacingstrongandunexpectedstorms,”hesays.Iftheydo,manywilldiebecausetheycannotdealwithextremeconditions.

Similarly,goldeneagles—whichusuallynest（筑巢）intheArcticarea—havebeenstartingtheirspringmigrationhalfadayearliereachyearoverthepast25years.

“Theday-to-daychangeofclimateisverysmall,”saysBohrer.“Tounderstandhowanimalsreacttoclimatechange,youneedaverylongperiodofobservation—somethingthathasonlyrecentlybeenpossible.”

Theresearchers'archive（档案）ofArcticanimalmovementcurrentlycoversmorethan15milliondatapointsrelatedto8000animals.”Ourarchivecanhelptoadvisemanagementmethodstopreserveendangeredspecies,asclimatechangeonlybecomesmoreextreme,”saysBohrer.

11．WhatcanweconcludefromGurarie'swords?

A．Researcherscanguideanimalmovements.

B．Animalscanadapttoclimatechangeeasily.

C．Animalsdon'tknowhowtoreacttothechanges.

D．Earliermigrationisanimals'reactiontowarmerclimate.

12．Whatisapossiblebadeffectofanimals'givingbirthearlier?

A．ChildrenhavelessopportunitytosurviveB．Therewillbemoreunexpectedstorms.

C．Fewerchildrenwillbedelivered.D．Theymaymigrateearlierinspring.

13．What