100所名校学年辽宁省重点高中协作校高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx

100所名校学年辽宁省重点高中协作校高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx

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100所名校学年辽宁省重点高中协作校高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版

2017-2018学年辽宁省重点高中协作校高一下学期期末

英语

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第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解

A

Theworldhaslostoneofitsbrighteststars.BritishphysicistStephendiesonMarch14,attheageof76.

Hawkingisprobablytheworld’smostfamousscientistsafterAlbertEinstein.Heisanexpertonblackholes.Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetodiggingintothebeginning（andtheend）oftheuniverse.“Mygoalissimple,”Hawkingoncesaid.“Itistocompletelyunderstandtheuniverse,whyitisasitisandwhyitisthereatall.”

Hawking’sachievementsareevengreaterifyouthinkabouthisdisability.Whenhewas21,Hawkingcaughtabadillnessthatslowlystoppedhimformmovingortalking.Foraperiodoftime,hehadnowaytocommunicateexceptbyblinking（眨眼）.Laterhesatonawheelchairwithacomputerbyhisside.Tocommunicate,hemovedtwofingerstocontrolthecomputer’smouse.Heselectedhiswordsfromthescreen,whichwerethenspokenbyavoicesynthesizer（音响合成器）.

“Ihavehadthediseaseformostofmylife,”Hawkingoncesaid.“Yetithasnotstoppedmefrombeingsuccessfulatmywork.”

ThoughHawkingwasadisabledman,hemadegreatachievements.Hereceivedmanyawardsandprizesforhisworkduringhislifetime.ThisincludedwinningtheAlbertEinsteinAward,whichstandsforthehighestachievementintheoreticalphysics.

Despitethefactthathe’snolongerwithus,hislegacywillsurelyliveon.AsSajidJavid,aUKgovernmentminister,putit,“AbriefhistoryonEarth;aneternityinthestars.”

1．Fromtextwecanlearn________.

A．HawkingismorefamousthanEinstein

B．HawkingislessfamousthanEinstein

C．BothHawkingandEinsteinareveryfamous

D．NeitherHawkingnorEinsteinisfamous

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpronoun“it”inthesecondparagraphstandfor?

A．Theuniverse.B．Theearth.

C．Thegoal.D．Theblackhole.

3．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsisthefact?

A．HawkingreceivedmanyawardsandprizesexcepttheAlbertEinsteinAward.

B．Theillnesskepthimfrommovingandtalking.

C．Hecommunicatedwithothersbyspeaking.

D．Theillnessstoppedhimfrombeingsuccessful.

B

Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred,whyareveins（静脉）blue?

Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear,yellowishcolour.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit’soutsidethebody,whenit’ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it’smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth,theseblood-filledveinsreflectlessandlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryouarebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn’tbecausethey’reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）.Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3-4cminheightastheyage,whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold,wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere,like60cmtall,likealittleboyagain?

No,becauseoldpeopledon’treallyshrink!

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards–theirlegs,armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter,it’sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,becomemorebaitandcurved.

Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩晕的）?

Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou’reseeingandwhatyou’refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou’respinningusingspecialgravity-and-motion-sensingorgansinyourinnerear,whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.Butwhenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol,andyourbrainthinksyou’removingwhileyou’renot!

Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea–frommicetodogs,cats,andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear,painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother,newerbitsofthebrain,wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalontheplanet.

Ifexercisewearsyouout,howcanitbegoodforyou?

Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned,it’suseit,orloseit”!

It’snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy;it’smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.

4．Whatisthecolourofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

A．Blue.B．Lightyellow.

C．Red.D．Darkreddishpurple.

5．Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

A．Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.

B．Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

C．Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.

D．Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

6．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?

A．Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

B．Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfelldizzy.

C．Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

D．Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

7．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

A．Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

B．Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

C．Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

D．Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

C

ShineUnited（Madison,Wisconsin）

Inthepastfiveyears,thisWisconsin-basedadvertisingagencyhassharedmorethan$500,000inprofitswithitsemployeesthroughthecompany’sShineSharesprogram.TheagencypartneredwiththeUniversityofWisconsin’soncologydepartmenttodeveloptheRide,abikingeventthatbenefitscancerresearch.Employeesalsogetsnackseveryday,“BeerThirty”onThursdays,andSummerFridays,aprogramthatletsemployeesleaveatnoon.

GroundFloorMedia（Denver,Colorado）

ThekeyforworkersatthismidsizepublicrelationsfirminDenveristhatemployeesworkanytime,anywhere.Headquartersareinaformerwarehousedowntown,nearCoorsField.TheofficesarespreadaroundthecentralspacethatdoublesasawetbareveryThursdaywhenthecompany’s“bearclub”bringsinanewbrew.

Ergodyne（St.Paul,Minnesota）

TheSt.Paul-basedcompanyhasgrowntooperatingoutofaretiredstorehousewithplentyofnaturallight.Rulesaboutdressing?

“Wearsomething.”Itspurpose?

Tocreatecool,comfortable,andtoughsafetyworkwearforthosewhoneedittogetthejobdone.Ergodynehasaround50employees,whoenjoyhot-dishcook-offs,ticketstosportingevents,andatleastonehappyhoureveryquarter.

SouthwestMichiganFirst（Kalamazoo,Michigan）

It’sfamilyfirstatthisMichiganeconomicdevelopmentadvisingagency.CEORonKitchenssaysthatinthepastyear,thecompanyhasmadeapushtogogreen,initiallystartedbythemillennialemployeeswhomakeuphalftheagency’sworkforce.Anewstaffpositionwascreatedforthepurposeofmakingsureeveryemployeeisabletobalanceworkingandcheeringattheirkids’sportingeventsorgoingfishing.

8．What’sthepurposeoftheShineSharesprogram?

A．Toraisemoneyforaresearch.B．Toletemployeesleaveearlier.

C．Tosharethecompany’sbenefits.D．Topartnerwithalocaluniversity.

9．WhatdoesSouthwestMichiganFirstencouragetheiremployeestodo?

A．Toaccompanytheirfamilies.B．Tocreatenewstaffpositions.

C．Tojoinincookingcompetitions.D．Toenjoythemselvesinsportingevents.

10．Whichcompanyallowsitsstaffaflexibleworkingtime?

A．ShineUnited.B．GroundFloorMedia.

C．SouthwestMichiganFirst.D．Ergodyne.

11．Whatdothefourcompaniesmentionedinthetexthaveincommon?

A．Theyofferemployeesfinancialsupport.

B．Theycareaboutemployees’happiness.

C．Theyhavestrictrulesaboutdressing.

D．Theyhavetrainingprograms.

D

Trafficjamandcities,itseemsgohandinhand.Everyonecomplainsaboutbeingstuckintraffic,but,liketheweather,nooneseemstodoanythingaboutit.Inparticular,trafficengineers,transportationplanners,andpublicofficialsresponsiblefortransportationsystemsinlargecitiesarefrequentlycriticizedforfailingtosolvetrafficjam.

Butistrafficjamasignoffailure?

Longlinesatrestaurantsortheater’sboxofficesareseenassignsofsuccess.Shouldtransportationsystemsbeviewedanydifferently?

Ithinkweshouldrecognizethattrafficjamisanunpreventableby-productofsuccessfulcitiesandviewthe“trafficproblem”inadifferentlight.

Trafficjamoccurswheretherearelotsofpeoplebutlimitedspaces.Culturallyandeconomicallysuccessfulcitieshavetheworsttrafficproblems,whiledecayingcitiesdon’thavemuchtraffic.NewYorkandLosAngelesareAmerica’smostcrowdedcities.Butifyouwantaccesstomajorbrokeragehouses（经济行）,youwillfindthemeasiertoreachincrowdedNewYorkthaninanyotherlargecities.Andifyourcompanyneedsaccesstopost-productionfilmeditorsorsatellite-guidanceengineers,youwillreachthemmorequicklythroughthecrowdedfreewaysofL