广东省天河区届高考英语语法二轮复习阅读理解精讲精炼16.docx
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广东省天河区届高考英语语法二轮复习阅读理解精讲精炼16
阅读理解精讲精炼16
80.
Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman'ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.
Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressivenesspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.
ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.
49.WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU.S.?
A.Love.B.Politeness.
C.Joy.D.Thankfulness.
50.TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatasmilecan________.
A.showfriendlinesstostrangers
B.beusedtohidetruefeelings
C.beusedinthewrongplaces
D.showpersonalhabits
51.Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people?
A.Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.
B.Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.
C.Findoutabouttheirpastexperience.
D.Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.
52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.CulturalDifferences
B.SmilesandRelationships
C.FacialExpressiveness
D.HabitsandEmotions
【要点综述】本文主要介绍了不同的文化背景下,不同国家的人们在运用面部表情的时候也有着很大的差异,因此,我们在判断他人面部表情的含义的时候,不要以自己的文化背景为根据,这样会做出错误的判断。
49.C 细节理解题。
根据第一段的“Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.”可知在美国,微笑一般表示的是“高兴”的意思。
A项表示“爱”;B项“有礼貌”,是一些特殊情况下的含义;D项表示“感谢”,没有这个信息。
50.B 推理判断题。
结合第一段的最后一句话“Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.”提到了越南人以微笑来结束一个悲伤的故事,是掩饰真实情感的例子,故选B。
A项“对陌生人友好”,是美国人的做法;C项“微笑会在错误的地方使用”;D项表示“个人的习惯”;均与原文信息不符。
51.B 细节理解题。
根据最后一段的最后一句话“Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof‘reading’theotherpersonincorrectly.”可知在理解他人的面部表情的时候,首先要懂得他们的文化背景,不能以自己的文化来理解他人的面部表情。
A“了解与他人的关系”;C“找出他们过去的经历”;D“预测他们下一步将做什么”;均与原文信息不符。
52.C 标题归纳题。
本文主要介绍了在不同的文化背景下,人们的面部表情传达的意思不同,以美国人和世界各地其他不同国家的人们在面部表情表达方式的不同为例,说明了我们在理解他人表情的时候,不要以自己的文化背景为基础,因此选C。
A“文化差别”;B“微笑与关系”;D“习惯与感情”;均不是文章的主题。
81.
IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He'dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.
WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It'snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.
Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.
Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,historyandphilosophy(哲学).SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.
Sotheoldthinker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.
TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.
Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.
64.Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto________.
A.providesomekeyfactsaboutConfucius
B.attractthereaders'interestinthesubject
C.showgreatrespectfortheancientthinker
D.provethepopularityofmodernbirthdaycelebrations
65.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents________.
A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChinese
B.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitions
C.trytogethighscoresinChineseexams
D.fightforachancetolearnChinese
66.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ForgottenWisdominAmerica
B.HugeFansoftheChineseLanguage
C.ChineseCultureforWesterners
D.OldThinkerwithaBigFuture
67.Thepassageislikelytoappearin________.
A.abiographyB.ahistorypaper
C.anewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook
【要点综述】尽管东西方纪念孔子的方式不同,孔子在西方仍受到推崇。
世界各地的孔子学院受到了西方人的欢迎。
这成为了解中国文化的桥梁。
64.B 写作意图题。
作者开篇提出,如果孔子活到今天,按照西方点蜡烛庆祝他的生日,吹蜡烛是一件麻烦的事情。
作者以这个作为开场白,目的是吸引读者。
C有一定的干扰性。
作者在后面讲述了西方人不会这么做,这并不代表他们不尊重孔子,由此我们排除C。
65.A 推理判断题。
第四段的第一句就是本段的主旨句。
这一段讲述了孔子文化在西方的受欢迎程度,因此我们可以得出答案。
66.D 主旨大意题。
全文讲述了孔子学院在西方的受欢迎程度。
它架起了东方文化向西方输送的桥梁,因此是古老的思想家与未来的结合。
C有一定的干扰性。
本文介绍了孔子思想在西方国家的传播,因此C的范围过大。
67.C 文章出处题。
本文介绍了孔子学院在西方的盛行,因此属于报道类文章,应该是在报纸里出现。
82.
Grownupsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:
Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.
67.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?
A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.
B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrownups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.
D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.
68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby________.
A.presentingresearchfindings
B.settingdowngeneralrules
C.makingacomparison
D.usingexamples
69.Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletousemultiplicationtablesis________.
A.aresultofoverlearning
B.aspecialcaseofcramming
C.askilltodealwithmathproblems
D.abasicsteptowardsadvancedstudies
70.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononcramming?
A.Itleadstofailureincollegeexams.
B.It'shelpfulonlyinalimitedway.
C.It'spossibletoresultinpoormemory.
D.Itincreasesstudents'learninginterest.
【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文。
成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。
作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果,是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候,我们不是就此停止,而是继续练习,才使我们记忆深刻。
文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。
最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和“突击学习”的弊端。
67.A 段落大意题。
根据文章第一段中的“Grownupsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.”可知,文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。
C、D断章取义,讲得太具体,B项错误,因为那是过度学习的结果,不是儿时记忆力好。
所以A正确。
68.D 推理判断题。
根据文章的内容可知:
作者采用了举例子的说明方法。
比如:
“practicesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.”和“…they[themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)]areanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.”
69.A 推理判断题。
根据文章的第四段“becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.”可知,乘法口诀仍然是儿时过度学习的结果。
所以选A。
70.B 推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段中的“Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.”可知,突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。
所以B正确。
82.
bluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils(灾祸).
Peo