专项语法突破14.docx
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专项语法突破14
专项语法突破(十四) 情景交际
考纲解读
考点
考纲解读
社会交往
熟知并能恰当地使用“社会交往”话题中的问候、介绍等22个项目;考查常用交际用语的用法和意义
态度
掌握表示“态度”的“同意和不同意”“喜欢和不喜欢”等的12个项目;考查考生用英语思维的能力
情感
掌握表示“情感”的“高兴”“惊奇”等9个项目;考查基本的交际用语,考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致
命题分析
交际用语主要考查《教学大纲》中所规定的常用会话套语。
考查的方式以应答为主,提问为辅;以中英文化差异明显的语言交流项目为重点考查对象。
2013年全国各省市高考英语十九套试卷中交际用语的考查共有20道题。
考点涉及同意和不同意、肯定与不肯定、道歉、道谢、邀请、请求、允许、接受或拒绝、劝告以及安慰、惊奇等。
知识归纳·方法点拨
一、考点知识归纳
(一)解答情景交际类题目的应对方略
有关情景交际的考点主要分布在考纲规定的问候、告别、感谢、住院、祝贺、道歉、邀请、约会、请求、允许或不允许等三十余个话题中,同时也涉及了谈论天气、购物、问路、就餐、打电话、看病等十多项情景。
为了更好地解答此类题目,我们应注意以下四点:
1.大量阅读,熟悉句型结构。
在复习备考过程中,要熟悉句型结构,进行大量阅读,积累各情景中的交际用语,尤其需要注意中英文化差异,增强理解能力,从而真正提高运用能力。
2.分析题目语言环境,确保用语和谐一致。
交际用语的考查主要设置在真实的语境中,做题时要考虑全面,要注意语境的和谐一致。
特别要注意上下句的关系,不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。
特别是对话,要看答语和问句是否一致。
[典题示例]
—Let'sgoshoppingafterschool.
—________Callmeatthattime.
剖析:
Soundsgreat. 多数题目是在语境中考查知识点,做这类题目时要注意语境的和谐一致。
只看第一句话,我们不能确定选哪个答案。
但从Callmeatthattime.可知,后者赞同前者的提议。
做题时要考虑全面,要注意上下句的关系,不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。
3.摈弃汉语思维习惯,考虑英语文化内涵。
平日学习中要多说英语,多读英文读物,培养语感。
做题时多从英语的角度思考,体会讲英语国家的文化背景,不要从汉语的角度思维。
同时要把语法转化为一种语言习惯。
做题时还要遵循文明礼貌、委婉客气的原则,同时要考虑一些常见的句式和结构。
如Thanks,but...;Sorry,but...等。
[典题示例]
①—Wereallyenjoyedourselvesattheparty.Thanksagain,Mr.andMrs.Smith.
—Nice________(meet)youhere.Justdropinwheneveryoufeellikeit.
剖析:
havingmet Nicehavingmetyouhere中用了完成时,表示动作已经完成,故通常用于告别时,从第一句话可知这是道别的用语,因此是正确的。
②—Willyoujoinusinthegame?
—Thankyou,butI'drather________.
剖析:
not Thankyou,but...是委婉拒绝他人邀请的交际用语,因此用not。
4.善于比较、区别交际用语中的易混点。
(1)That'sallright.Don'tmentionit.You'rewelcome.与It'sapleasure.的使用区别
回答对方的道歉时应选用That'sallright(没关系)。
对于对方道谢的回答可用You'rewelcome.Don'tmentionit.和It'sapleasure.。
但三者也有细微的区别,如:
顾客向服务员道谢时,服务员常说You'rewelcome.当对方对于你的帮助道谢时,你通常说Don'tmentionit.对于生日宴会等场合对方提供的帮助、礼物等时的回答为It'sapleasure.。
(2)It'sa/mypleasure.与Withpleasure.
当你帮完别人的忙,别人向你表示感谢时,用It'sa/mypleasure.,当别人需要你帮忙时,你同意则用Withpleasure.来回答。
(二)情景交际知识
一、社会交往
1.问候Greetings
(1)Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi
Howareyou?
Fine,thankyou,andyou?
Verywell,thankyou.
(2)Bestwishes/regardsto...
Pleasegivemyregards/bestwishes/loveto...
Sayhelloto...
Pleaseremembermeto...
2.介绍Introductions
句型结构
(1)ThisisMr./Miss/Ms./Comrade...
MayIintroduceyouto...?
I’dlikeyoutomeet...
(2)Howdoyoudo?
Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.
Nicemeetingyou,Mr./Mrs./Miss...
(3)Mynameis...
I’ma(student,teacher,etc.).
(4)I’mChinese.
3.告别Farewells
句型结构
(1)I'mafraidImustbeleavingnow.
Ithinkitistimeforustoleavenow.
It'stimeImet(did)...;Ihavetogonow.
(2)Goodbye!
(Byebye!
Bye!
)
Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)
Goodnight.
4.感谢和应答Thanksandresponses
句型结构
(1)Thankyou(verymuch).
Thanksalot.
Manythanks.
Thanksfor...
(2)It'sverykindofyouto...
Notatall.
That'sallright.
Youarewelcome.
5.祝愿,祝贺和应答Goodwishes,congratulationsandresponses
句型结构
(1)Goodluck!
Iwishyougoodluck(success)!
Goodjourney(toyou)!
Haveagoodtrip.
Haveanice(good)time.
I'dliketocongratulateyouon...
(2)Thankyou.
Thesametoyou.
(3)HappyNewYear!
MerryChristmas!
Happybirthdaytoyou.
6.道歉、遗憾和应答Apologies,regretsandresponses
句型结构
(1)Sorry/Pardon.
Iamsorry.
Iamsorryfor(about)...
I'msorryto...have+v.ed/that...
(2)Excuseme(for...)
Beafraid+that...
Whatapity/shame!
Itisapitythat...
(3)That'sallright.
Itdoesn'tmatter.
That'snothing.
7.邀请和应答Invitationsandresponses
句型结构
(1)Willyoucometo...?
Wouldyouliketo...?
I'dliketoinviteyouto...
(2)Yes,l'dloveto(...).
Yes,itisverykind(nice)ofyou.
(3)I'dloveto,but...
8.提供帮助和应答Offersandresponses
句型结构
(1)Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?
Wouldyoulikemeto...?
Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?
Doyouwantmeto...?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Letmedo/carry/help...foryou.
Wouldyoulikesome...?
(2)Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.
That'sverykindofyou.
Thankyouforyourhelp.
Yes,please.
Here,takethis/my/...
(3)No,thanks/thankyou.
Icanmanageitmyself.
Thankyouallthesame.
That'sverykindofyou,but...
9.约会Makingappointments
句型结构
(1)Are/Willyoubefreethisafternoon/tomorrow?
Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?
Shallwemeetat4:
30at...?
(2)Yes,that'sallright.
Yes,I'llbefreethen.
(3)No,Iwon'tbefreethen.
ButI'llbefree.
(4)Allright.Seeyouthen.
10.就餐Takingmeals
句型结构
(1)Whatwouldyouliketohave?
Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?
(2)I'dlike...
Chicken/Twoeggs...,please.
(3)Wouldyoulikesomemore...?
Helpyourselftosome...
(4)Thankyou.I'vehadenough.
I'mfull,thankyou.
Justalittle,please.
11.打电话Makingphonecalls
句型结构
(1)Hello!
Is...in?
May/CouldIspeakto...?
Isthat...(speaking)?
(2)Holdon./Whoisit?
He/Sheisn'thererightnow.
CanItakeamessageforyou?
(3)Hello,thisis...speaking.
Icalledtotell/askyou...
12.传递信息Passingonamessage
句型结构
(1)Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto...?
(2)...askedmetogiveyouthisnote.
(3)Thanksforthemessage.
13.看医生Seeingthedoctor
句型结构
(1)There'ssomethingwrongwith...
I'vegotaheadacheandacough.
Ifeelterrible(bad).
Idon'tfeelwell.
I'vegotapainhere.
Thisplacehurts.
I'vegotaheadacheandacough.
(2)Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest.
It'snothingserious.
You'llbeallright/wellsoon.
14.谈论天气Talkingabouttheweather
句型结构
(1)What'stheweatherliketoday?
How'stheweather...?
(2)It'sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy...
It'sgettingcold/warm...
It'sratherwarm/cold/hot...today,isn'tit?
It'sabeautifuldaytoday.
15.购物Shopping
句型结构
(1)WhatcanIdoforyou?
May/CanIhelpyou?
(2)Iwant/I'dlike...
Howmuchisit?
That'stooexpensive,I'mafraid.
That'sfine,I'lltakeit.
Letmehave...
(3)Howmany/muchdoyouwant?
Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?
(4)Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,etc.?
16.问路和应答Askingthewayandresponses
句型结构
(1)Excuseme,where'sthemen's/ladies'room?
Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto...?
HowcanIgetto...?
Idon'tknowtheway.
(2)Godownthisstreet.
Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.
It'sabout...metresfromhere.
Gostraightaheadtillyousee...
17.请求允许和应答Askingforpermissionsandresponses
句型结构
(1)MayI...?
Can/CouldI...?
IwonderifIcould...
Would/DoyoumindifIopened/openthewindow?
(2)Yes/Sure/Certainly.
Yes,(do)please.
Ofcourse(youmay).
Goahead,please.
That'sOK/allright.
Notatall.
(3)I'msorry,youcan't.
I'msorry,hut...
You'dbetternot.
18.劝告和建议Adviceandsuggestions
句型结构
(1)You'dbetter(not)...
Youshould/oughtto...
Youneed(to)...
Isuggestthat...
(2)Shallwe...?
Let's...
What/Howabout...?
Whynot...?
Whydon'tyou...?
19.提醒Reminding
句型结构
Don'tforgetto...
Don'tyourememberthedayswhen...
MakesurethateverythingisOKnow.
二、态度
1.意愿和愿望Intentionsandwishes
句型结构
(1)I'mgoingto...
Iintend/mean/planto...
Iwill...
Ifeellikewalking(goingoutforawalk).
I'dliketo...
I(donot)want/hopeto...
I'mreadyto...
Iwouldrathernottellyou.
(2)Iwant/hope/wishto...
Iwishthat...
IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.
Iwouldliketo...
IfonlyIcouldseehim.
2.同意和不同意Agreementanddisagreement
句型结构
(1)Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.
Noproblem.
Yes,please.
Yes,Ithinkso.
That'strue/right.
Allright/OK.
That'sagoodidea.
It'sagoodideato.../Itwouldbeagoodideato.../that...
I/Weagree(withyou).
Iagreeto.../thatclause.
(2)No.Idon'tthinkso.
Doyouthinkso?
I'mafraidnot.
I'mafraidI(really)can'tagreewithyou.
Idon'tagree(with)...
3.喜好和厌恶Likesanddislikes
句型结构
(1)Ilike/love...(verymuch).
Ilike/loveto...
(2)Idon'tlike(to)...
Ihave(to)...
三、情感
1.表示喜悦Expressingpleasure
句型结构
I'mglad/pleased/happyto...
That'snice/wonderful/great.
Hopefullytomorrowwillturnfine.
2.惊奇Surprise
句型结构
Really?
Haven'tyouheard?
Ohdear!
Isthatso?
Goodheavens!
MyGod!
Goodness!
3.焦虑Anxiety
句型结构
What'swrong?
What'sthematter(withyou)?
I'm/He's/She'sworried.
Oh,whatshallI/wedo?
Wewereallanxiousabout...
4.安慰Reassurance
Don'tbeafraid.
Don'tworry.It's(quite)allright.
It'llbeOK/allright.
Takeyourtime.
5.满意Satisfaction
Good!
Welldone!
Perfect!
That'sfine.
That'sbetter.
That'sgoodenough.
I'mpleasedwithyourspokenEnglish.
Wonderful,indeed.
6.遗憾Regret
I'msosorry!
It'sagreatpity!
Whatashame!
That'stoobad!
IwishIhadnevergivenitup.
IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.
7.同情Sympathy
I'msosorry!
I'msosorryaboutyourillness.
I'msorrytohearyouaregoingaway.
Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.
二、方法技巧总结
方法一 巧用答语提示法
在有些征求意见或请求许可的问话中,我们可以根据已有的答语来判断说话者的态度,是同意还是拒绝,是支持还是反对。
[典题示例]
—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?
—Notatall.I'dbehappy________.
剖析:
to 句意:
——我要出公差。
你介意照看一下我的猫吗?
——不介意。
我很乐意。
根据句意可以推断出这是请求别人帮忙的问话,从Notatall这一答语中可知应答者的态度,所以用to。
I'dbehappyto=I'dbehappytolookafteryourcat.
方法二:
身临其境法
在审题过程中,我们可以假设自己就在那种氛围中,自己就是对话者的角色。
这样能更准确地把握出题者的思路,作出准确的判断。
[典题示例]
—Doremembertoseeadoctortomorrow!
—________(get)it.
剖析:
Got 句意:
——一定要记得明天去看医生!
——明白。
Gotit=Ihavegotit.我明白。
假如你就是文中叮嘱的人,你觉得最合适、最想听到的答语应该是Gotit。
方法三 语境归类法
在平常的练习中我们可以对情境进行归类,以便综合记忆。
如:
看到I'msorry,I'mafraid,you'drathernot,you'dbetternot这样的答语时,很自然地就联想到,这一类是同一语境,用于委婉地拒绝别的请求、建议和帮助。
看到wouldyoumind这样的字眼要特别注意yes表示介意,no表示不介意。
[典题示例]
—Doyoumindmyturningoffthelight?
—I'd________youdidn't.I'mreadingtheendofthestory.
剖析:
rather 句意:
——你介意我关灯吗?
——我想你最好别关。
我马上就读完这个故事了。
I'dratheryoudidn't(我不愿你关)符合语境。
真题改编,语法填空
1.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ改编)—I'msorryImadeamistake!
—________iteasy.Nobodyisperfect.
答案:
Take 根据前句句意“抱歉,我犯错误了”及空格后“人无完人”可知,说话者在安慰对方:
凡事看开些。
Takeiteasy意为”别紧