专项语法突破14.docx

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专项语法突破14

专项语法突破(十四) 情景交际

考纲解读

考点

考纲解读

社会交往

熟知并能恰当地使用“社会交往”话题中的问候、介绍等22个项目;考查常用交际用语的用法和意义

态度

掌握表示“态度”的“同意和不同意”“喜欢和不喜欢”等的12个项目;考查考生用英语思维的能力

情感

掌握表示“情感”的“高兴”“惊奇”等9个项目;考查基本的交际用语,考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致

命题分析

交际用语主要考查《教学大纲》中所规定的常用会话套语。

考查的方式以应答为主,提问为辅;以中英文化差异明显的语言交流项目为重点考查对象。

2013年全国各省市高考英语十九套试卷中交际用语的考查共有20道题。

考点涉及同意和不同意、肯定与不肯定、道歉、道谢、邀请、请求、允许、接受或拒绝、劝告以及安慰、惊奇等。

知识归纳·方法点拨

一、考点知识归纳

(一)解答情景交际类题目的应对方略

有关情景交际的考点主要分布在考纲规定的问候、告别、感谢、住院、祝贺、道歉、邀请、约会、请求、允许或不允许等三十余个话题中,同时也涉及了谈论天气、购物、问路、就餐、打电话、看病等十多项情景。

为了更好地解答此类题目,我们应注意以下四点:

1.大量阅读,熟悉句型结构。

在复习备考过程中,要熟悉句型结构,进行大量阅读,积累各情景中的交际用语,尤其需要注意中英文化差异,增强理解能力,从而真正提高运用能力。

2.分析题目语言环境,确保用语和谐一致。

交际用语的考查主要设置在真实的语境中,做题时要考虑全面,要注意语境的和谐一致。

特别要注意上下句的关系,不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。

特别是对话,要看答语和问句是否一致。

[典题示例]

—Let'sgoshoppingafterschool.

—________Callmeatthattime.

剖析:

Soundsgreat. 多数题目是在语境中考查知识点,做这类题目时要注意语境的和谐一致。

只看第一句话,我们不能确定选哪个答案。

但从Callmeatthattime.可知,后者赞同前者的提议。

做题时要考虑全面,要注意上下句的关系,不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。

3.摈弃汉语思维习惯,考虑英语文化内涵。

平日学习中要多说英语,多读英文读物,培养语感。

做题时多从英语的角度思考,体会讲英语国家的文化背景,不要从汉语的角度思维。

同时要把语法转化为一种语言习惯。

做题时还要遵循文明礼貌、委婉客气的原则,同时要考虑一些常见的句式和结构。

如Thanks,but...;Sorry,but...等。

[典题示例]

①—Wereallyenjoyedourselvesattheparty.Thanksagain,Mr.andMrs.Smith.

—Nice________(meet)youhere.Justdropinwheneveryoufeellikeit.

剖析:

havingmet Nicehavingmetyouhere中用了完成时,表示动作已经完成,故通常用于告别时,从第一句话可知这是道别的用语,因此是正确的。

②—Willyoujoinusinthegame?

—Thankyou,butI'drather________.

剖析:

not Thankyou,but...是委婉拒绝他人邀请的交际用语,因此用not。

4.善于比较、区别交际用语中的易混点。

(1)That'sallright.Don'tmentionit.You'rewelcome.与It'sapleasure.的使用区别

回答对方的道歉时应选用That'sallright(没关系)。

对于对方道谢的回答可用You'rewelcome.Don'tmentionit.和It'sapleasure.。

但三者也有细微的区别,如:

顾客向服务员道谢时,服务员常说You'rewelcome.当对方对于你的帮助道谢时,你通常说Don'tmentionit.对于生日宴会等场合对方提供的帮助、礼物等时的回答为It'sapleasure.。

(2)It'sa/mypleasure.与Withpleasure.

当你帮完别人的忙,别人向你表示感谢时,用It'sa/mypleasure.,当别人需要你帮忙时,你同意则用Withpleasure.来回答。

(二)情景交际知识

一、社会交往

1.问候Greetings

(1)Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.

Hello/Hi

Howareyou?

Fine,thankyou,andyou?

Verywell,thankyou.

(2)Bestwishes/regardsto...

Pleasegivemyregards/bestwishes/loveto...

Sayhelloto...

Pleaseremembermeto...

2.介绍Introductions

句型结构

(1)ThisisMr./Miss/Ms./Comrade...

MayIintroduceyouto...?

I’dlikeyoutomeet...

(2)Howdoyoudo?

Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.

Nicemeetingyou,Mr./Mrs./Miss...

(3)Mynameis...

I’ma(student,teacher,etc.).

(4)I’mChinese.

3.告别Farewells

句型结构

(1)I'mafraidImustbeleavingnow.

Ithinkitistimeforustoleavenow.

It'stimeImet(did)...;Ihavetogonow.

(2)Goodbye!

(Byebye!

Bye!

Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)

Goodnight.

4.感谢和应答Thanksandresponses

句型结构

(1)Thankyou(verymuch).

Thanksalot.

Manythanks.

Thanksfor...

(2)It'sverykindofyouto...

Notatall.

That'sallright.

Youarewelcome.

5.祝愿,祝贺和应答Goodwishes,congratulationsandresponses

句型结构

(1)Goodluck!

Iwishyougoodluck(success)!

Goodjourney(toyou)!

Haveagoodtrip.

Haveanice(good)time.

I'dliketocongratulateyouon...

(2)Thankyou.

Thesametoyou.

(3)HappyNewYear!

MerryChristmas!

Happybirthdaytoyou.

6.道歉、遗憾和应答Apologies,regretsandresponses

句型结构

(1)Sorry/Pardon.

Iamsorry.

Iamsorryfor(about)...

I'msorryto...have+v.ed/that...

(2)Excuseme(for...)

Beafraid+that...

Whatapity/shame!

Itisapitythat...

(3)That'sallright.

Itdoesn'tmatter.

That'snothing.

7.邀请和应答Invitationsandresponses

句型结构

(1)Willyoucometo...?

Wouldyouliketo...?

I'dliketoinviteyouto...

(2)Yes,l'dloveto(...).

Yes,itisverykind(nice)ofyou.

(3)I'dloveto,but...

8.提供帮助和应答Offersandresponses

句型结构

(1)Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?

Wouldyoulikemeto...?

Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?

Doyouwantmeto...?

WhatcanIdoforyou?

Letmedo/carry/help...foryou.

Wouldyoulikesome...?

(2)Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.

That'sverykindofyou.

Thankyouforyourhelp.

Yes,please.

Here,takethis/my/...

(3)No,thanks/thankyou.

Icanmanageitmyself.

Thankyouallthesame.

That'sverykindofyou,but...

9.约会Makingappointments

句型结构

(1)Are/Willyoubefreethisafternoon/tomorrow?

Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?

Shallwemeetat4:

30at...?

(2)Yes,that'sallright.

Yes,I'llbefreethen.

(3)No,Iwon'tbefreethen.

ButI'llbefree.

(4)Allright.Seeyouthen.

10.就餐Takingmeals

句型结构

(1)Whatwouldyouliketohave?

Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?

(2)I'dlike...

Chicken/Twoeggs...,please.

(3)Wouldyoulikesomemore...?

Helpyourselftosome...

(4)Thankyou.I'vehadenough.

I'mfull,thankyou.

Justalittle,please.

11.打电话Makingphonecalls

句型结构

(1)Hello!

Is...in?

May/CouldIspeakto...?

Isthat...(speaking)?

(2)Holdon./Whoisit?

He/Sheisn'thererightnow.

CanItakeamessageforyou?

(3)Hello,thisis...speaking.

Icalledtotell/askyou...

12.传递信息Passingonamessage

句型结构

(1)Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto...?

(2)...askedmetogiveyouthisnote.

(3)Thanksforthemessage.

13.看医生Seeingthedoctor

句型结构

(1)There'ssomethingwrongwith...

I'vegotaheadacheandacough.

Ifeelterrible(bad).

Idon'tfeelwell.

I'vegotapainhere.

Thisplacehurts.

I'vegotaheadacheandacough.

(2)Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.

Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest.

It'snothingserious.

You'llbeallright/wellsoon.

14.谈论天气Talkingabouttheweather

句型结构

(1)What'stheweatherliketoday?

How'stheweather...?

(2)It'sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy...

It'sgettingcold/warm...

It'sratherwarm/cold/hot...today,isn'tit?

It'sabeautifuldaytoday.

15.购物Shopping

句型结构

(1)WhatcanIdoforyou?

May/CanIhelpyou?

(2)Iwant/I'dlike...

Howmuchisit?

That'stooexpensive,I'mafraid.

That'sfine,I'lltakeit.

Letmehave...

(3)Howmany/muchdoyouwant?

Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?

(4)Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,etc.?

16.问路和应答Askingthewayandresponses

句型结构

(1)Excuseme,where'sthemen's/ladies'room?

Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto...?

HowcanIgetto...?

Idon'tknowtheway.

(2)Godownthisstreet.

Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.

It'sabout...metresfromhere.

Gostraightaheadtillyousee...

17.请求允许和应答Askingforpermissionsandresponses

句型结构

(1)MayI...?

Can/CouldI...?

IwonderifIcould...

Would/DoyoumindifIopened/openthewindow?

(2)Yes/Sure/Certainly.

Yes,(do)please.

Ofcourse(youmay).

Goahead,please.

That'sOK/allright.

Notatall.

(3)I'msorry,youcan't.

I'msorry,hut...

You'dbetternot.

18.劝告和建议Adviceandsuggestions

句型结构

(1)You'dbetter(not)...

Youshould/oughtto...

Youneed(to)...

Isuggestthat...

(2)Shallwe...?

Let's...

What/Howabout...?

Whynot...?

Whydon'tyou...?

19.提醒Reminding

句型结构

Don'tforgetto...

Don'tyourememberthedayswhen...

MakesurethateverythingisOKnow.

二、态度

1.意愿和愿望Intentionsandwishes

句型结构

(1)I'mgoingto...

Iintend/mean/planto...

Iwill...

Ifeellikewalking(goingoutforawalk).

I'dliketo...

I(donot)want/hopeto...

I'mreadyto...

Iwouldrathernottellyou.

(2)Iwant/hope/wishto...

Iwishthat...

IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.

Iwouldliketo...

IfonlyIcouldseehim.

2.同意和不同意Agreementanddisagreement

句型结构

(1)Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.

Noproblem.

Yes,please.

Yes,Ithinkso.

That'strue/right.

Allright/OK.

That'sagoodidea.

It'sagoodideato.../Itwouldbeagoodideato.../that...

I/Weagree(withyou).

Iagreeto.../thatclause.

(2)No.Idon'tthinkso.

Doyouthinkso?

I'mafraidnot.

I'mafraidI(really)can'tagreewithyou.

Idon'tagree(with)...

3.喜好和厌恶Likesanddislikes

句型结构

(1)Ilike/love...(verymuch).

Ilike/loveto...

(2)Idon'tlike(to)...

Ihave(to)...

三、情感

1.表示喜悦Expressingpleasure

句型结构

I'mglad/pleased/happyto...

That'snice/wonderful/great.

Hopefullytomorrowwillturnfine.

2.惊奇Surprise

句型结构

Really?

Haven'tyouheard?

Ohdear!

Isthatso?

Goodheavens!

MyGod!

Goodness!

3.焦虑Anxiety

句型结构

What'swrong?

What'sthematter(withyou)?

I'm/He's/She'sworried.

Oh,whatshallI/wedo?

Wewereallanxiousabout...

4.安慰Reassurance

Don'tbeafraid.

Don'tworry.It's(quite)allright.

It'llbeOK/allright.

Takeyourtime.

5.满意Satisfaction

Good!

Welldone!

Perfect!

That'sfine.

That'sbetter.

That'sgoodenough.

I'mpleasedwithyourspokenEnglish.

Wonderful,indeed.

6.遗憾Regret

I'msosorry!

It'sagreatpity!

Whatashame!

That'stoobad!

IwishIhadnevergivenitup.

IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.

7.同情Sympathy

I'msosorry!

I'msosorryaboutyourillness.

I'msorrytohearyouaregoingaway.

Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.

二、方法技巧总结

方法一 巧用答语提示法

在有些征求意见或请求许可的问话中,我们可以根据已有的答语来判断说话者的态度,是同意还是拒绝,是支持还是反对。

[典题示例]

—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?

—Notatall.I'dbehappy________.

剖析:

to 句意:

——我要出公差。

你介意照看一下我的猫吗?

——不介意。

我很乐意。

根据句意可以推断出这是请求别人帮忙的问话,从Notatall这一答语中可知应答者的态度,所以用to。

I'dbehappyto=I'dbehappytolookafteryourcat.

方法二:

身临其境法

在审题过程中,我们可以假设自己就在那种氛围中,自己就是对话者的角色。

这样能更准确地把握出题者的思路,作出准确的判断。

[典题示例]

—Doremembertoseeadoctortomorrow!

—________(get)it.

剖析:

Got 句意:

——一定要记得明天去看医生!

——明白。

Gotit=Ihavegotit.我明白。

假如你就是文中叮嘱的人,你觉得最合适、最想听到的答语应该是Gotit。

方法三 语境归类法

在平常的练习中我们可以对情境进行归类,以便综合记忆。

如:

看到I'msorry,I'mafraid,you'drathernot,you'dbetternot这样的答语时,很自然地就联想到,这一类是同一语境,用于委婉地拒绝别的请求、建议和帮助。

看到wouldyoumind这样的字眼要特别注意yes表示介意,no表示不介意。

[典题示例]

—Doyoumindmyturningoffthelight?

—I'd________youdidn't.I'mreadingtheendofthestory.

剖析:

rather 句意:

——你介意我关灯吗?

——我想你最好别关。

我马上就读完这个故事了。

I'dratheryoudidn't(我不愿你关)符合语境。

真题改编,语法填空

1.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ改编)—I'msorryImadeamistake!

—________iteasy.Nobodyisperfect.

答案:

Take 根据前句句意“抱歉,我犯错误了”及空格后“人无完人”可知,说话者在安慰对方:

凡事看开些。

Takeiteasy意为”别紧

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