巧用虚拟语气解答GRE阅读题.docx

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巧用虚拟语气解答GRE阅读题

巧用虚拟语气解答GRE阅读题

巧用虚拟语气解答GRE阅读题,我们来看看吧,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

巧用虚拟语气解答GRE阅读题

(1)对虚拟语气的敏感性

若在文章中看到虚拟语气,考虑直接取非反义理解,迅速把握作者态度。

如下面这句话:

例一:

Perhaps,somescientiststhought,migrantsdeterminetheirgeographic

positiononEarthbycelestialnavigation,almostashumannavigatorsusestars

andplanets,butthiswoulddemandoftheanimalsafantasticmapsense.

(选自N0.6题第一套section1短文章)

这句话看似很长,翻译成为中文的意思是:

“有些科学家认为,就像人类采用恒星和行星来定位一样,候鸟或许也是采用天体的导航才得以确定它们所处的地理位置,但这要求这类动物具有令人难以置信的地图感。

”中文读过去都让人头疼。

其实我们用虚拟语气取非的思想来处理,其要表达的意思就很简单,对前半句话取非,说白了就是前半句话是行不通的,也就是“migrants

cannotdeterminetheirgeographicpositiononEarthbycelestial

navigation。

”可以知道作者对这种解释持负评价。

2016年GRE考试场次大比较高分考生亲授报名时间选择技巧

我们再来看个例子:

例二:

Accordingtonaturalselectiontheory,aworkerwouldenhanceher

fitness—orabilitytopropagatehergenes—byhatchingherowneggsinaddition

toorinplaceofthequeen’s。

(选自国内题1993年10月考题section5短文章)

这句话也是虚拟语气,我们直接取反理解,作者想要表达的就是“aworkerwillnotenhanceher…”

运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度,以及作者想要表达的真实意思。

就不用先翻译成绕口的中文,再拼命的思索其中的含义,可以有效地为考试争取时间。

(2)如何运用虚拟语气

在题干中看到虚拟语气,大多需要用到取非思想,与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种,叫做“改进型取非题”。

看例子之前,先简单解释下什么是“改进型取非题”。

很简单,如果题干问“如果一个对象怎样会更好”则是改进型取非题,来看具体的例子:

例:

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“firsttheories”ofgrazer

controlmentionedinline3wouldhavebeenmoreconvincingifresearchershad

beenableto(选自NO.6第二套section1长文章),这是一个典型的改进型取非题题干,问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好。

逻辑思路:

既然是改进,原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子,我们把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。

按照此思路定位原文三行,看到后面有这样一句话“Alownumberofalgalcellsinthepresenceofa

highnumberofgrazerssuggested,butdidnotprove,thatthegrazershad

removedmostofthealgae。

”注意看插入语部分的“butdidnot

prove”,这个就是缺点,取非就是“prove”再看五个选项:

(A)observehighphytoplanktonnumbersundernaturallakeconditions

(B)discovernegativecorrelationsbetweenalgaeandzooplanktonnumbers

fromtheirfieldresearch

(C)understandthecentralimportanceofenvironmentalfactorsin

controllingthegrowthratesofphytoplankton

(D)makeverifiablecorrelationsofcauseandeffectbetweenzooplankton

andphytoplanktonnumbers

(E)inventlaboratorytechniquesthatwouldhaveallowedthemtobypass

theirfieldresearchconcerninggrazercontrol

一眼扫过去就只有一个选项在讲证明,就是D中的verifiable。

所以答案选D。

很快解完此题。

(3)虚拟语气的作用

取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用,还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用,就是强对比的关系,也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常考题型“强对比互取非题”,其主要特点是:

原文中有强对比的双方,题干只问及其中一方,答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素,如典型的时间要素,答案也是对原文的叙述取非。

来看个简单的例子,

例:

Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950’s,mosthistorianswho

studiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing(选自NO.6第三套section4

长文章)

思路:

在题干中看到了1950’s,第一反应就是要回原文定位,发现原文只讲到了“intheearly

1950’s”并没有“before”,这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系,我们把intheearly

1950’s干的事情取个非,就是之前干的事情。

答案就很好选了,在此不举出来了。

gre

阅读虚拟语气中这个思路很好理解,比如说“我1995年第一次去北京。

”很显然,1995年以前我就没有去过北京。

这就是时间状语的取非。

其它的强对比关系(如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等),相信考生可以一眼看出。

GRE考试阅读理解模拟题及答案解析

P1

TraditionalresearchhasconfrontedonlyMexicanandUnitedStates

interpretationsofMexican-Americanculture.

NowwemustalsoexaminethecultureasweMexicanAmericanshave

experiencedit,passingfromasovereignpeopletocompatriotswithnewly

arrivingsettlersto,finally,aconqueredpeople—acharterminorityonour

ownland.

WhentheSpanishfirstcametoMexico,theyinter-marriedwithandabsorbed

thecultureoftheindigenousIndians.

ThispolicyofcolonizationthroughacculturationwascontinuedwhenMexico

acquiredTexasintheearly1800‘sandbroughttheindigenousIndiansinto

Mexicanlifeandgovernment.

Inthe1820‘s,UnitedStatescitizensmigratedtoTexas,attractedbyland

suitableforcotton.

Astheirnumbersbecamemoresubstantial,theirpolicyofacquiringlandby

subduingnativepopulationsbegantodominate.

Thetwoideologiesclashedrepeatedly,culminatinginamilitaryconflict

thatledtovictoryfortheUnitedStates.

Thus,suddenlydeprivedofourparentculture,wehadtoevolveuniquely

Mexican-Americanmodesofthoughtandactioninordertosurvive.(168

words)

1.Theauthor‘spurposeinwritingthispassageisprimarilyto

(A)suggestthemotivesbehindMexicanandUnitedStatesinterventionin

Texas

(B)documentcertainearlyobjectivesofMexican-Americansociety

(C)provideahistoricalperspectiveforanewanalysisofMexican-American

culture

(D)appealtobothMexicanandUnitedStatesscholarstogivegreater

considerationtoeconomicinterpretationsofhistory

(E)bringtolightpreviouslyoverlookedresearchonMexicanAmericans

2.Theauthormostprobablyusesthephrase“charterminority”(lines6-7)

toreinforcetheideathatMexicanAmericans

(A)areanativeratherthananimmigrantgroupintheUnitedStates

(B)playedanactivepoliticalrolewhenTexasfirstbecamepartofthe

UnitedStates

(C)recognizedveryearlyinthenineteenthcenturytheneedforofficial

confirmationoftheirrightsofcitizenship

(D)havebeenmisunderstoodbyscholarstryingtointerprettheir

culture

(E)identifymorecloselywiththeirIndianheritagethanwiththeir

Spanishheritage

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostclearlycontradictsthe

informationinthispassage?

(A)Intheearly1800‘s,theSpanishcommittedmoreresourcestosettling

CaliforniathantodevelopingTexas.

(B)WhileTexaswasunderMexicancontrol,thepopulationofTexas

quadrupled,inspiteofthefactthatMexicodiscouragedimmigrationfromthe

UnitedStates.

(C)BythetimeMexicoacquiredTexas,manyIndianshadalreadymarried

peopleofSpanishheritage.

(D)ManyMexicanslivinginTexasreturnedtoMexicoafterTexaswas

annexedbytheUnitedStates.

(E)MostIndianslivinginTexasresistedSpanishacculturationandwere

eitherkilledorenslaved.

P2

Thedeterminationofthesourcesofcopperoreusedinthemanufactureof

copperandbronzeartifactsofBronzeAgecivilizationswouldaddgreatlytoour

knowledgeofculturalcontactsandtradeinthatera.

Researchershaveanalyzedartifactsandoresfortheirconcentrationsof

elements,butforavarietyofreasons,thesestudieshavegenerallyfailedto

provideevidenceofthesourcesofthecopperusedintheobjects.

Elementalcompositioncanvarywithinthesamecopper-orelode,usually

becauseofvaryingadmixturesofotherelements,especiallyiron,lead,zinc,

andarsenic.

Andhighconcentrationsofcobaltorzinc,noticedinsomeartifacts,

appearinavarietyofcopper-oresources.

Moreover,theprocessingoforesintroducedpoorlycontrolledchangesin

theconcentrationsofminorandtraceelementsintheresultingmetal.

Someelementsevaporateduringsmeltingandroasting;different

temperaturesandprocessesproducedifferentdegreesofloss.

Finally,flux,whichissometimesaddedduringsmeltingtoremovewaste

materialfromtheore,couldaddquantitiesofelementstothefinal

product.

Anelementalpropertythatisunchangedthroughthesechemicalprocessesis

theisotopiccompositionofeachmetallicelementintheore.

Isotopiccomposition,thepercentagesofthedifferentisotopesofan

elementinagivensampleoftheelement,isthereforeparticularlysuitableas

anindicatorofthesourcesoftheore.

Ofcourse,forthispurposeitisnecessarytofindanelementwhose

isotopiccompositionismoreorlessconstantthroughoutagivenorebody,but

variesfromonecopperorebodytoanotheror,atleast,fromonegeographic

regiontoanother.

Theidealchoice,whenisotopiccompositionisusedtoinvestigatethe

sourceofcopperore,wouldseemtobecopperitself.

Ithasbeenshownthatsmallbutmeasurablevariationsoccurnaturallyin

theisotopiccompositionofcopper.

However,thevariationsarelargeenoughonlyinrareores;betweensamples

ofthecommonoremineralsofcopper,isotopicvariationsgreaterthanthe

measurementerrorhavenotbeenfound.

Analternativechoiceislead,whichoccursinmostcopperandbronze

artifactsoftheBronzeAgeinamountsconsistentwiththeleadbeingderived

fromthecopperoresandpossiblyfromthefluxes.

Theisotopiccompositionofleadoftenvariesfromonesourceofcommon

copperoretoanother,withvariationsexceedingthemeasurementerror;and

preliminarystudiesindicatevirtuallyuniformisotopiccompositionofthelead

fromasinglecopper-oresource.

Whilesomeoftheleadfoundinanartifactmayhavebeenintroducedfrom

fluxorwhenothermetalswereaddedtothecopperore,leadsoaddedinBronze

Ageprocessingwouldusuallyhavethesameisotopiccompositionastheleadin

thecopperore.

Leadisotopestudiesmaythusproveusefulforinterpretingthe

archaeologicalrecordoftheBronzeAge.(473words)

4.Theauthorfirstmentionstheadditionoffluxduringsmeltinginthe

lastsentenceinthelastparagraphinorderto

(A)giveareasonforthefailureofelementalcompositionstudiesto

determineoresources

(B)illustratedifferencesbetweenvariousBronzeAgecivilizations

(C)showtheneedforusinghighsmeltingtemperatures

(D)illustratetheuniformityofleadisotopecomposition

(E)explainthesuccessofcopperisotopecompositionanalysis

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyand

selectallthatapply

5.Accordingtothepassage,possiblesourcesoftheleadfoundinacopper

orbronzeartifactincludewhichofthefollowing?

□AThecopperoreusedtomanufacturetheartifact

□BFluxaddedduringprocessingofthecopperore

□COthermetaladdedduringprocessingofthecopperore

6.Selectthesentenceinthepassagethattheauthorrejectscopperasthe

“idealchoice”.

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheuseoffluxinprocessing

copperorecanaltertheleadisotopecompositionoftheresultingmetalEXCEPT

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