新编跨文化交际英语教程案例分析主编许力生Word 打印版之欧阳治创编.docx

新编跨文化交际英语教程案例分析主编许力生Word 打印版之欧阳治创编.docx

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新编跨文化交际英语教程案例分析主编许力生Word打印版之欧阳治创编

Unit1

时间2021.03.10

创作：

欧阳治

CommunicationAcrossCultures

Case1（Page23）

Thiscasetookplacein3cultures.Thereseemedtobeproblemsincommunicating

withpeopleofdifferentculturesinspiteoftheeffortstoachieveunderstnading.

1）InEgyptasinmanycultures,thehumanrelationshipisvaluedsohighlythatitisnotexpressedinanobjectiveandimpersonalway.WhileAmericanscertainlyvaluehumanrelationships,theyaremorelikelytospeakoftheminlesspersonal,moreobjectiveterms.Inthiscase,Richard’smistakemightbethathechosetopraisethefooditselfratherthanthetotalevening,forwhichthefoodwassimplythesettingorexcuse.Forhishostorhostessitwasasifhehadattendedanartexhibitandcomplimentedtheartistbysaying,“Whatbeautifulframesyourpicturesarein!

”

2）InJapanthesituationmaybemorecomplicated.Japanesepeoplevalueorderandharmonyamongagroup,andthatthegroupisvaluedmorethananyparticularmember.Incontrast,Americansstressindividualityandareapttoassertindividualdifferenceswhentheyseemjustifiablytobeinconflictwiththegoalsorvaluesofthegroup.Inthiscase,Richard’smistakewasmakinggreateffortstodefendhimselfeveniftheerrorisnotintentiona.Asimpleapologyandacceptanceoftheblamewouldhavebeenappropriate

3）WhenitcomestoEngland,wexpectfewerproblemsbetweenAmericansandEnglishmenthanbetweenAmericansandalmostanyothergroup.Inthiscasewemightlookbeyondthegestureoftakingsugarorcreamtothevaluessexpressedinthisgesture:

forAmericans,“Helpyourself”;fortheEnglishcounterpart,“Bemyguest.”AmericanandEnglishpeopleequallyenjoyentertainingandbeingentertained,buttheydifferinthevalueofthedistinction.Typically,theidealguestatanAmericanpartyisobewho“makeshimselfathome”.FortheEnglishhost,suchguestbehaviorispresumptuousorrude.

Case2（Page24）

Acommonculturalmisunderstandinginclassesinvolvsconflictsbetweenwhatissaidtobedirectcommunicationstyleandindirectcommunicationstyle.InAmericanculture,peopletendtosaywhatisontheirmindsandmeanwhattheysay.Therefore,studentsinclassareexpectedtoaskquestionswhentheyneedclarification.MexicanculturesharesthispreferenceofstylewithAmericancultureinsomesituations,andthat’swhythestudentsfromMexicoreadilyadoptedthetechniquesofaskingquestionsinclass.

However,Koreanpeoplegenerallypreferindirectcommunicationstyle,andthereforetheytendnottosaywhatisontheirmindsandtorelymoreonimplicationsandinference,soastobepoliteandrepectfulandavoidlosingfacethroughanyimproperverbalbehavior.Asismentionedinthecase,tomanyKoreans,numerousquestionswouldshowadisrespectfortheteacher,andwouldalsoreflectthatthestudenthasnotstudiedhardenough.

Case3（Page24）

Theconflicthereisadifferenceinculturalvaluesandbeliefs.Inthebeginning,Marydidn’trealizethatherDominicansistersawherasamemberofthefamily,literally.IntheDominicanview,familypossessionsaresharedbyeveryoneofthefamily.LuzwasactingasmostDominicansisterswooulddoinborrowingwithoutaskingeverytime.OnceMaryunderstoodthattherewasadifferentwayoflookingatthis,shewouldbecomemoreaccepting.However,shemightstillexperiencefrustrationwhenthishappenedagain.Shehadtofindwaystocopewithherownemotionalculturalreactionaswellasherpracticalproblem（thebatteriesrunningout）.

Case4（Page25）

Itmightbesimplyaquestionofdifferentrhythms.Americanshaveonerhythmintheirpersonalandfamilyrelations,intheirfriendlinessandtheircharities.Peoplefromothercultureshavedifferentrhythms.TheAmericanrhythmisfast.Itischaracterizedbyarapidacceptanceofothers.However,itisseldomthatAmericansengagethemselvesentirelyinafriendship.Theirfriendshiparewarm,butcasualandspecialized.Forexample,youhaveaneighborwhodropsbyinthemorningforcoffee.Youseeherfrequently,butyouneverinviteherfordinner------notbecauseyoudon’tthinkshecouldhandleaforkandaknife,butbecauseyouhaveseenherthatmorning.

Therefore,youreserveyourmoreformalinvitationtodinnerforsomeonewholivesinamoredistantpartofthecityandwhomyouwouldnotseeunlessyouextendedaninvitationforaspecialoccasion.Now,ifthefirstfriendmovesawayandthesecondonemovesnearby,youarelikelytoreservethis------seethesecondfriendinthemorningsforinformalcoffeemeetings,andinvitethefirstonemoreformallytodinner.

Americansare,inotherwords,guidedveryoftenbytheirownconvenience.Theytendtomakefriendsrapidly,andtheydon’tfeellikeitnecessarytogotoagreatamountoftroubletoseefriendsoftenwhenitbecomesinconvenienttodoso,andusuallynooneishurt.Butinsimilarcircumstances,peoplefrommanyothercultureswouldbehurtverydeeply.

Unit2

CultureandCommunication

Theanalysisofthiscase:

（Page38）

TheleastthreethingsamongthefollowingTomdidthatwereregardedtobeimpolite:

b.Tomopensthegiftassoonasheispresentedwithit.

d.Tomdoesnotmakeasecondofferofdrinkswhentheyrefusethefirst.

e.TomtalksaboutthecostoflivingintheU.S.A.

f.Tomdoesnotaskthemtostaylongerwhentheysaytheymustbeleaving.

g.Tomdoesnotgoouttoseethemoff.

Case5（Page60）

Analysis:

TheChineseguideshouldrefusethefirstofferbecauseheisobeyingtheChineserulesforcommunication.WeChinesearemodest,politeandwell-behaved.Maybetheguideiswaitingforasecondorthirdofferofbeer,buthedoesn’tknowthereasonsbehindtheruleinAmericanculturethatyoudonotpushalcoholicbeveragesonanyone.Apersonmaynotdrinkforreligiousreasons,hemaybeareformedalcoholic,orhemaybeallergic.Whateverthereason,youdo

notinsistonofferingalcohol.Sotheypolitelynevermadeasecondofferofbeertotheguide.

Case6（Page61）

Whenaspeakersayssomethingtoahearer,thereareatleastthreekindsofmeaningsinvolved:

utterancemeaning,thespeaker’smeaningandthehearer’smeaning.Inthedialogue,whenLitzaskedhowlonghermother-in-lawwasgoingtostay,shemeantthatifsheknewhowlongshewasgoingtosatyinFinland,shewouldbeabletomakeproperarrangementsforher,suchastakingherouttosomesightseeing.However,hermother-in-lawtookLitz’squestiontomean“Litzdoesnotwantmetosatyforlong”.FromtheChinesepointofview,itseemsinappropriateforLitztoasksuchaquestionjusttwodaysafterhermother-in-law’sarrival.Ifshehastoaskthequestion,itwouldbebettertoasksometimelaterandsheshouldnotlethermother-in-lawhearit.

Case7（Page62）

Analysis:

Keikoinsistsongivingvaluablegiftstohercollegefriends,becauseincountrieslikeJapan,exchanginggiftsisastronglyrootedsocialtradition.Shouldyoureceiveagift,anddon’thaveonetoofferinreturn,youwillprobablycreateacrisis.Ifnotasseriousasacrisis,onewhodoesn’tofferagiftinreturnmaybeconsideredrudeorimpolite.Therefore,inJapan,giftsareasymbolicwaytoshowthecare,respect,gratitudeandfurtherfriendship.Keiko’scollegefriendswouldratherroundupsomeofthenecessaryitemsandtheyarewillingtohaveherusethem.Theyreallyexpectednothingfromher.ForinAmerica,peopledonatetheirusedhouseholditemstochurchortothecommunity.TheywouldneverconsidertheseolditemsasgiftstoKeiko.SoKeiko’svaluablegiftshavemadeherAmericanfriendsfeeluncomfortable

Case8（Page62）

WhentheChinesegirlAmyfellinlovewithanAmericanboyatthattime,itseemsthatshepreferredtocelebrateChritmasintheAmericanway,forshewantedverymuchtoappearthesameasotherAmericangirls.Shedidnotliketoseeherboyfrienddisappointedatthe“shabby”ChineseChristmas.That’swhyshecriedwhenshefoundoutherparentshadinvitedtheminister’sfamilyoverfortheChristmasEvedinner.ShethoughtthemenufortheChritmasmealcreatedbyhermotherastrangeonebecausetherewerenoroastturkeyandsweetpotatoesbutonlyChinesefood.Howcouldshenoticethenthefoodchosenbyhermotherwereallherfavorites?

Fromthiscase,wecanfindalotofdifferencesbetweentheChineseandWesternculturesinwhatisappropriatefoodforabanquet,whataregoodtablemanners,andhowoneshouldbehavetobehospitable.However,oneshouldneverfeelshamejustbecauseone’scultureisdifferentfromothers’.AsAmy’smothertoldher,youmustbeproudtobedifferent,andyouronlyshameistohaveshame.

Unit3

CulturalDiversity

Case7（Page76）

●Betweenfriendsthereisinevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take.Butindifferentcultures,peopleviewthisdifferently.InChineseculture,friendshipsdevelopslowlybecausetheyarebuilttolast.WeChinesepreferthesaying“Afriendindeedisafriendinneed.”Andweneverrefusetheaskingforhelpfromafriend.Weneverforgetthetimelyhelpbyafriendwhenweareontherocks.ButInAmericanculture,theyviewthisinadifferentway.Oncehelped,theyoffertheirhelponlyonce.That’swhyJacksonsaidthatMr.Zhaowasaskingtoomuch.Intheirview,friendshipsarebasedoncommoninterests.

1DifferentLands,DifferentFriendships（P77）

●FrenchFriendships

●GermanFriendships

●EnglishFriendships

●ChineseFriendships（见补充材料）

●AmericanFriendships（见补充材料）

补充案例（AmericanFriendship）

Twomothers,CarmenandJudy,aretalkingtoeachotherataparkwhiletheirchildrenareplayingtogetherinthesand.

Caemen:

Hi,Judy.

Judy:

Hi,Carmen.Howareyou?

Carmen:

F